中考英语常见题型及解题技巧 D 补全对话(1).doc

补全对话补全对话又称为情景对话。主要是考查学生的口语能力和对英语的应对习惯。下面我从以下几个方面谈谈它的命题趋势和解题技巧。一、补全对话常见的题型有:1. 填单词补全对话;2. 写句子补全对话;3. 选句子补全对话;4. 选单词补全对话;5. 对话排序。本市以前多采用第3种“选择式”的客观题型。但近几年多采用第一，二种“非选择式”的主观题型，来考查学生灵活运用英语语言的能力。因此,本文着重介绍这类题型的具体做法。二、补全对话的解题要求1. 熟读背诵考生应熟读背诵初中英语教材中出现过的日常交际用语,如:问候、介绍、问路、看病、购物、就餐、祝愿、打电话、谈天气等情境中的固定句式和习惯表达方式。只有这样,做题时才能得心应手。2. 掌握各交际项目的习惯用法。平时牢固掌握初中英语教材中出现的30个交流项目以及它们各自特定的习惯表达方式和惯用句型，答题时就能迅速地回忆起与对话内容有关的日常交际用语及习惯表达法，并且灵活地进行运用，才能保证所使用的语言符合英语在情景交流中的表达习惯。3. 答题时要面向整体内容，切忌片面理解。答题时，跳过空行，快速把全篇对话通读一篇，了解对话的整体结构，把握对话的内容及语境。语境决定了语言的表达方式、双方说话人的态度以及表达的内容。如在餐馆、图书馆、车站、商店等不同的地点，都有各自的语言表达方式。因而，在做题时，应在理解全篇对话内容的基础上，准确地把握语言环境，把自己“置身”于语境之中， 理解双方谈话的意图。4. 抓好关键词，进行推断，使填词后组成的句子结构完整、合理。考查的形式是补全对上句问题的回答或者是补全对下句所要回答问题的提问。因此一定要注意前后照应，关注上下文之间的密切关系。做题时，可以根据上句的信息推断下句的信息，通过下句的信息推断上句的信息，即：要填前面的空行，看后句的信息，要填后面的空行，看前句的含义。如在打电话时，上句问 “whos that speaking?” 那么下句所选的就应是 “this is” 。如在餐馆，下句的内容是 “a bottle of beer, please.”那么上句就应该是 “what can i do for you?”或 “can i help you?” 这样前后对照，才能使上下文相适应。5. 注意对话的表达要符合英美人的风俗习惯。不同的国家有不同的风俗习惯、生活习惯等等。在语言交际中也有各种不同的差异。在交际语言的选用中 ，由于受到各自的文化背景的影响，表达的方式也就不同。因而，在补全对话过程中，所选的句子要符合英美 人的习惯。凡有像 “have you eaten?”； “what do you want to buy?” 这类句子在对话中都应避免使用。6. 正确书写，从容答题。答题时应注意单词的正确拼写及大小写的正确运用，书写应工整、规范。三、补全对话答题步骤： （1）通览全文、领会大意、揣摩话题。解题时应先跳过空格通览全文，了解对话大意，根据对大意的把握，判定语境，揣摩话题。 （2） 根据语境、填写单词或句子。在把握话题和语境的基础上，针对对话的每一空白处，细读所提供的前后文，认真分析它们之间的异同，依据对话有关情景内容，填写相应的单词或者句子。 （3）通盘考虑、前后联想、先易后难。要从对话整体理解出发，依照上、下问答的逻辑顺序来考虑所选择的答案，不可不顾前后顺序，孤立地就上句就补下句，这样可能出现所补句子符合上文而不符合下文的情况。要先解决有把握的、容易的，再回头补选较难的。 （4）通读对话、义形结合、验证答案。将对话补全之后，再将整段对话通读一遍，逐一验证答案。所填的答案不仅语义上要符合语境，而且要保证语言正确，做到说话得体。四、注意事项 （1）所补全的对话内容必须能使上、下文连贯一致，因而必须瞻前顾后、全盘考虑，不能仅看上一个问句就填写下一个答句，或仅根据下文中的答句就补全它的问句，否则容易造成逻辑错误。 （2）做题前应注意试题前面有否中文或英语的背景提示。这些背景提示是确是话题内容的重要依据，不可疏忽带过。 （3）如果是选择题，则在选择过程中考生应注意把已选出的选项划去，避免重复选择的错误。 （4）做题时要先易后难，一时难以确定不要勉强先做，否则易造成连锁错误。例题分析：（一）请仔细阅读下列对话，根据上下文内容，完成该对话。a: hello! 1._ ?b: sorry, 2._.this is allans mother speaking. 3. _?a: this is mary. good evening, mrs. black.b: good evening, mary. 4._?a: yes, of course. please tell allan that all the dictionaries are sold out. but i can lend her one.b: ok.a: thanks a lot. good-bye!b: 5._.答案解析：1. 根据下文我们知道这是一个电话用语的对话，所以我们就填出了相应答案may i speak to allan。2. 根据后文“this is allans mother speaking.” 我们填出：she isnt in / she isnt at home.3. 根据“this is mary”，我们填出：whos that4. 根据“yes, of course. please tell allan that all the dictionaries are sold out. but i can lend her one” 我们填出：can i take a message for you5. goodbye（二）根据对话内容，从下面备选框中选择相应选项填入对话中，使对话完成，流畅。a: excuse me, sir? where is the nearest hotel?b: 1. _. you may ask that policeman over there.a: thank you all the same. (the man goes to the policeman.)a: excuse me, 2._?c: no, there isnt a hotel near here, but there is one near the bank of china.a: 3. _?c: its about two kilometers away.a: 4. _?c: youd better take a taxi, because its so late and there arent any buses now.a: 5. _.c: youre welcome.备选答案：a: im sorry i dont knowb: is there a hotel near herec: how far is itd: how can i get theree: thank you答案解析：a. 根据后文“you may ask that policeman over there”得知，说话者也不知道哪里有旅馆。b. 根据后文的回答，得知前面问的是附近哪里有旅馆。c. 根据后文回答的距离而知，前面问的是有多远。d. 根据后文得知，前面问的是去旅馆的方式。e. 根据“youre welcome.”而知，前面在表达感谢。实战练习（1）a: hello. could i speak to john?b: 1._.a: oh! hi, john. this is cindy. we met at jims party.b: how are you, cindy? a: great. would you like to see titanic on thursday night? b: 2. _, cindy, i have to work late this thursday.a: thats too bad. 3._?b: im free on saturday nighta: ok. how about meeting at about seven?b: no problem. 4._?a: at the garden cinema. 5. _.b: see you then.1. this is john2. im sorry3. are you free on saturday night4. where shall we meet5. see you then(2)a: hello! may i speak to lily?b: 1._.c: hello! 2._.a: hi, lily. this is ann. would you like to go to the park with me tonight?c: great! 3._?a: at the gate of our school.c: 4._?a: how about six oclock.c: ok! 5._?a: see you then.1. hold on , please2. this is lily3. where shall we meet4. when shall we meet5. see you then(3)fred: hello! may i speak to alice, please?kate: 1._. alice, its for you.alice: hello.fred: hi, alice. 2._. would you like to go to my uncles farm tomorrow?alice: 3._.fred: good. ill pick you up at about seven oclock.alice: fine. ill be ready.fred: great! im sure well have a good time on the farm.alice: 4._. see you tomorrow.fred: 5._.1. hold on, please2. this is fred3. yes ,id love to .4. i think so5. see you tomorrow（4）a: excuse me. 1._?b: sorry, im new here. you can ask my friend. he may know.c: the childrens hospital? er its a little far from here.a: 2. _?c: its about 5 kilometres away.a: 3. _?c: yes, the no. 15 bus will take you there.a: where is the bus stop?c: 4. _ and take the first turning on the right. you can see it on your left. you cant miss it.a: 5. _.c: you are welcome. 1. which is the way to the childrens hospital2. how far is it3. can i take a bus4. go along this road5. thank you (5) (at mr. whites office in a middle school)a: hello! 1. _?b: speaking, please.a: im peters mother. id like to ask for leave for my son.b: 2. _?a: he didnt feel well this morning. he has a cold.b: 3. _. is it serious?a: not very serious. but the doctor asked him to stay in bed and have a good rest.b: dont worry. 4. _.a: thank you, sir. goodbyeb: bye!1. can i speak to mr. white2. whats wrong with him3. im sorry to hear that4. i hope he will be all right soon (6)a: good morning, sir. 1. _?b: id like to buy a white shirt. do you have any white shirts?a: yes. 2. _?b: i want size m.a: here you are.b: can i try it on?a: sure. is it all right?b: yes. i like it very much. 3. _?a: 296 yuan.b: thats a bit expensive. do you have any other kind? i want a cheaper one.a: what about this one? it is only 108 yuan.b: ok. 4. _. here is the money.a: 5. _.goodbye, sir.1. can i help you 2. what size do you want3. how much is it4. ill take it5. here you are（7）doctor: good morning . whats your trouble?woman: i dont feel very well.d:1._?w: yes, i have. my temperature is a litt