广东省汕头市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解练习（1）.doc

广东汕头市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解练习（1）高考英语阅读理解考前精讲精练（答案）阅读理解解题指导阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。 一、主旨大意题此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括，提问方式一般是：what is the text mainly about?/what is the main idea of the text/ the second paragraph?；另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题，其提问方式一般是：what can be the best title for the text? 阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。有时候，文章或段落中没有明确的主题句，需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意。同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。如：(2013 江苏卷b篇)weve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).60. the passage is meant to . a. justify paying for faster servicesb. discuss the morals of allocating things c. analyze the reason for standing in line d. criticize the behavior of queue jumping解析：文章主要阐述了两种不同的分配方式，即传统的waiting for your turn和市场竞争中出现的paying a price for faster service。第一段引出本文话题，揭示文章主题。(2013安徽卷b篇)using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. you may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. a major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. it comes from underground. the more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.63. the text is mainly about _.a. why paving roads reduces our water b. how much we depend on water to live c. why droughts occur more in dry climatesd. how human activity affects our water supply解析：文章主要介绍了由于一些不合理的人类活动，导致了水资源的短缺，呼吁大家从我做起，从小事做起来保护水资源。文章的第一句就揭示了文章的主题：人类活动影响着水资源的供应。(2013天津卷c篇)poet william stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. i like this image. but it was quite by accident that i discovered the deep meaning of his words. 50. what could be the best title for the passage?a. charm of the detour b. the road to bravery c. creativity out of necessity d. road trip and country life解析：作者以诗人william stafford对绕行道的理解引题，加上自己的亲身经历，进一步理解了绕行道更深刻的意义它会让你发现旅行中最好的部分，也发现最好的自己。由此我们概括出文章的标题：绕路的魅力。二、细节理解题细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。它的设题方式主要有以下两种：1. 以what, who, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章中的具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因(目的)、方式等来设问考查。解这类题时，大家可以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采用“对号入座”的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，最后确定出正确答案。如:(2013 江苏卷d篇)i say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the civil war. h. b. stowes uncle toms cabin is only the most famous example. these early stories dealt directly with slavery. with minor exceptions, twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. he drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story. 65. how do twains novels on slavery differ from stowes?a. twain was more willing to deal with racism.b. twains attack on racism was much less open.c. twains themes seemed to agree with plots.d. twain was openly concerned with racism. 解析：根据文中信息，stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题，而马克吐温则通过故事来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视，可见马克吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。(2013课标卷i a篇)some people will do just about anything to save money. and i am one of them. take my familys last vacation. it was my six-year-old sons winter break from school, and we were heading home form fort lauderdale after a weeklong trip. the flight was overbooked, and delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. i had meetings in new york, so i had to get back. but that didnt mean my husband and my son couldnt stay. i took my nine-month-old and took off for home.56. why did delta give the authors family credits?a. they took a later flight.b. they had early bookings.c. their flight had been delayed.d. their flight had been cancelled.解析：本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点，即如何获取金钱的最大利用价值，从而理性消费。利用关键词查询可以在第一段中找到the flight was overbooked, and delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day这些相关信息。由该句可知，因为航班超员，航空公司(delta)以信用卡的形式补偿我们每人400美金，要我们放弃座位，第二天再离开。故选a项(他们乘坐了较晚的航班)。2. 以不完整的句子形式，针对文章的某个细节设题，考查考生对此事实细节的认定和理解能力。如：(2013课标卷i b篇)or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? the same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. perhaps it is just the newness? when slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? no again. babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. the effect even crosses between senses. babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots. 61. babies are sensitive to the change in _. a. the size of cardsb. the colour of picturesc. the shape of patternsd. the number of objects解析：本文为科普类说明文，主要讨论了婴儿是否能感知数量这一问题。根据第二段中when slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves可知，卡片上物品的数目而不是物品本身的变化对婴儿的视觉产生了影响，故选d。 三、推理判断题推理判断题主要考查考生对文章的深层理解和挖掘，往往针对作者的态度或观点、文章的隐含意义、 文章的写作目的、 文章的体裁或者出处来设题考查。题干中往往含有一些标志性词语: infer, suggest, imply, conclude等。命题方式一般有： what can we infer from the last paragraph?what does the second paragraph suggest?what attitude does the author of the text have towards ?what is the authors purpose in writing the text?做推理判断题时，考生要注意挖掘文章的隐含信息，从已知获得未知，而不是凭空臆断。很多文章，尤其是记叙文和议论文，其语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了作者的态度、观点及作者的写作意图。考生应认真阅读文章并找出反映语境褒贬性的关键性词汇或句子，这对我们掌握文章主旨文意、 把握作者观点态度，从而正确地进行逻辑推断大有好处。如：（2013江苏卷 c篇）if ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. but that is not what dr rothschild thinks happened. he suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. 64. rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs .a. failed to evolve an anti-decompression means b. gradually developed measures against the bends c. died out because of large sharks and crocodiles d. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it 解析：根据文中信息，如果鱼龙确实曾经进化得到了一种抗减压病的机能，那么这种进化一定会发展很快，但是奇怪的是，它们后来失去了这一机能。因此dr rothschild可能得出的结论是：鱼龙没有进化得到一种抗减压病的机能。(2013课标卷 a篇)now some people may think im a bad mother and not such a great wife either. but as a big-time bargain hunter, i know the value of a dollar. and these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up. 57. what can we learn about the author? a. she rarely misses a good deal.b. she seldom makes a compromise.c. she is very strict with her children.d. she is interested in cheap products.解析：根据文中第三段可知，作为一名一流的讨价还价高手，作者知道每一美元的价值，由此推断，她几乎不会错过任何一笔能获利的交易，故选a。(2013课标卷 c篇)but when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named j.k. rowling, john grisham, sophie kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (ill come clean: i do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so). 67. what is the authors attitude to 58% of readers?a. favorable. b. uncaring. c. doubtful. d. friendly.解析：根据文章最后一段特别是astonished可知，作者对58%的人也产生了怀疑，故选择c项。(2013安徽卷 a篇)the healthy habits survey(调查)shows that only about one third of american seniors have correct habits. here are some findings and expert advice. 59. the text probably comes from _.a. a guide book b. a popular magazine c. a book review d. an official document解析：本文介绍了对美国年长者健康生活习惯的调查结果及专家建议。这是一份调查报告，出现的地方最可能是杂志，故选b项。四、语义猜测题语义推测题考查的可以是单词，也可以是短语或句子；可以是生词，也可以是熟词生义；还可以是代词的指代。语义猜测题常见命题形式有：the underlined word can be best replaced by _.which of the following has the closest meaning to?what does the underlined word probably mean?语义猜测题常用解题技巧有：1. 根据上下文语境进行猜测； 2. 根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测； 3. 根据因果、递进、对比、转折、同位等关系进行推断。如：(2013课标卷 c篇)the crfs produce is “green”, made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the alcohol series being the most popular. the exotic series with sichuan pepper, red bean (豆), cheese and other flavors also does well and is fun to taste. and for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the connoisseur series uses cocoa beans from togo, cuba, venezuela, and ghana, among others. 47. the words “chocolate snobs” in paragraph 3 probably refer to people who _. a. are particular about chocolateb. know little about cocoa beansc. look down upon othersd. like to try new flavors解析：根据chocolate snobs后面的定语从句句意“他们认为自己比别人更了解巧克力”可推断出答案为a项：这些人对制作巧克力的原材料很挑剔。（2013江苏卷 d篇）twains racial tone was not perfect. one is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth mostly with white men performing in black-face and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. yet there is no reason to think twain saw the shows as representing reality. his frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.69. what does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 7 refer to? a. the attacks. b. slavery and prejudice. c. white men. d. the shows.解析： 根据最后两句可知，没有理由认为马克吐温把这些戏剧看作是代表现实的，而他频繁地抨击奴隶制和偏见表明他清晰的意识，这些戏剧并不能取代现实。they指前文提到的the shows。(2013山东卷 d篇) sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new ceo, carl pearson, decided to build up its market share. he did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. 72. what does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?a. customers of sparrow restaurants. b. sparrow restaurants. c. customers of other fast-food chains.d. other fast-food chains.解析：本文主要介绍了快餐连锁店sparrow的经营遭受到了前所未有的困难，在此危难关头新的ceo carl pearson用自己独特的经营理念拯救了它，使它一跃成为最成功的快餐连锁店之一。划线单词所在句子表达为：他作的调查显示那些在sparrow消费过的顾客对其充满积极支持的态度，而其他快餐店的顾客也不愿意离开它们，由此可知them指代的是“其他的快餐连锁店”，故选d项。(2013北京卷 a篇)the advanced ep also heats the room evenly, wall to wall and floor to ceiling. it comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. and they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. with the ep, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.58. the underlined word “evenly” in paragraph 4 probably means _.a. continuously b. separately c. quicklyd. equally 解析：根据本段内容可知，此款加热器可以很均匀地加热屋子而不像其他加热器那样只加热屋子中心部分，故此题选择d项equally “平等地，均匀地”。阅读理解 just over a quarter of american adults now read news on their cell phones, according to a new report from the pew research center. the survey results being released by the group monday offer another sign of how people are changing the way they get information. technology has been reshaping the news business and the way consumers relate to it for more than a decade. the latest shift is being driven by the exploding popularity of phones that can easily access the internet. the new study found that 26 percent of americans get news on their phones. pew doesnt have comparable data for say, two or three years ago. but evidence of the shift in habits can be seen in this finding: about 43 percent of those under 50 said they are mobile news consumers, compared with 15 percent of older respondents. still, some things dont change. readers no. 1 concern when they look for news on their phones: the weather. of the 37 percent of cell phone owners who said they use the internet on their phone, 72 percent said they check weather reports. current events came in second with 68 percent. pews survey offered a wide range of statistics on peoples news habits. it showed people are not relying on one medium. just shy of 60 percent of respondents get news from both online and offline sources. and 46 percent said they use four to six different types of media on a typical day. the web is also helping to turn the news into more of a social experience: more than 80 percent of respondents get or receive news via e-mailed links. the results were based on telephone interviews with 2,259 people over the age of 18, conducted between dec. 28 and jan. 19. for questions to that entire group, the margin of error was 2.3 percentage points. on questions to just internet users, the margin was 2.7 percentage points. 1. why can more american adults read news on their cell phones? a. because they want to become cool. b. because they want to look fashionable. c. because they have phones accessing the internet. d. because reading news on cell phone is free. 2. what conclusion can we draw from the second paragraph? a. older cell phone owners are more likely to look for news on their phones. b. younger cell phone owners are more likely to look for news on their phones. c. older cell phone owners never look for news on their phones. d. all the younger cell phone owners look for news on their phones. 3. whats the most popular approach for people to receive news? a. by only one medium. b. by reading newspapers. c. by emailed links. d. by cell phones access. 4. how long did the telephone interviews last? a. nearly twenty hours. b. more than a month. c. about three weeks. d. less than two weeks. 【参考答案】18. cbcc 阅读理解by the early 20th century, as the united states became an international power, its cultural self-identity (认同) became more complex. the united states was becoming more diverse as immigrants streamed into the country, settling especially in americas growing urban areas. at this time, americas social diversity began to find significant expression in the arts and culture. american writers of german, irish, jewish, and scandinavian ancestry began to find an audience, although some of the cultural elite (中坚分子) resisted the works, considering them crude and unrefined. many of these writers focused on 20th-century city life and themes, such as poverty, efforts to assimilate (消化) into the united states, and family life in the new country. european influence now meant something very different than it once had: artists changed the core of american experience by incorporating their various immigrant origins into its cultural vision. during the 1920s and 1930s, a host of african american poets and novelists added their voices to this new american vision. langston hughes, zora neale hurston, and countee cullen, among others, gathered in new york citys harlem (黑人住宅区) district. they began to write about their unique experiences, creating a movement called the harlem renaissance. visual artists of the early 20th century also began incorporating the many new sights and colors of the multiethnic (不同种族的) america visible in these new city settings. painters associated with a group known as the eight, such as robert henri and john sloan, portrayed the picturesque sights of the city. later painters and photographers focused on the citys squalid (污秽的) aspects. although nature remained a significant part of american cultural self-expression, as the paintings of georgia okeeffe demonstrated, it was no longer at the heart of american culture. by the 1920s and 1930s few artists or writers consid