语法比较级.doc

Unit 4重点语法和考点1. comfortable adj. 舒适的，舒服的，安逸的 比较级：more comfortable 最高级：the most comfortable 副词：comfortably2. seat n. 座位 take a seat = have a seat 坐下 v. 作及物动词用，be seated 就座 seat oneself 坐 e.g. (1) He seated himself comfortably on his chair. (2) They are seated there.3. sound n. 声音，指自然界的一切声音 （sound/ voice/ noise） v. 作为连系动词，sound + 形容词， 听起来voice 人的“嗓音”。 noise 不悦耳的噪音 4. close adj. 接近的，亲密的 v. 关闭 be close to 离近 be far from 离 远 closed adj. 关着的 反义词：open5. ticket n. 票，券 a ticket to/ for sth. 一张的票 相似地：a key to the door 门的钥匙； the way to 去某地的路6. waiting time 等候时间 动词的-ing形式作定语，修饰名词，表示被修饰词的某种用途。 类似地：read-ing + room= reading room 阅览室 阅读 房间 swim-ming + pool= swimming pool 游泳池 游泳 水池 wait 不及物动词 wait for sb. 等待某人 cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事7. choose v. 选择，挑选 过去式：chose choose (not) to do sth. 决定（不）做某事 choice n. 选择 make a choice 做选择 have no choice but to do sth. 除了做外别无他法8. carefully adv. 细致地，小心地 care n. 小心 v. 在乎，关心 careful adj. 小心的，认真的 反义词：careless 粗心的，马虎的 carelessly adv. 疏乎地9. so far 到目前为止。本意可以理解为用so加强far的意思，表示“如此远”。10. service n. 接待，服务 serve v. 服务 servant n. 仆人 serve sb. 为某人服务 serve sb. sth. 为某人服务11. pretty adv. 很，十分，相当 pretty good 相当好 只修饰形容词的原级 adj. 漂亮的 e.g. She looks pretty.12. act v. 扮演（角色） n. 行动 action n. 行动，活动 take action 采取行动 actor/ actress n. 男/ 女演员 active adj. 积极的 take an active part in 积极参与 actively adv. 积极地 activity n. 活动13. meal n. 早（或午，晚）餐；一餐所吃的食物 3meals a day cook a meal14. creative adj. 有创造力的，创造性的 比较级：more creative 最高级：the most creative create v. 创造，创作 creation n. 创造，创造15. talent n. 天资，天赋 have a talent for sth./ doing sth. 有某方面/ 做某事的天赋 Talented adj. 有才能的，有才干的 be talented in 16. performer n. 表演者，演员 perform v. 执行，表演 performance n. 行为表演17. common n. 与相同 adj. 普遍的，共同的have sth. in common 在某方面（嗜好或观念）有共同点have nothing in common 无共同点18. join v. 加入，参加（加入人群、团体、组织和机构等） join in 参加竞赛、娱乐和游戏等活动 Take part in 参加群众性活动、会议、劳动和游街等，并起一定作用19. be up to 是的责任，由决定 (1) Protecting the environment is up to us. 保护环境是我们的责任。 (2) This product is up to the standard. 这个产品达标了。 (3) What is she up to these days? 她这些天忙什么呢？（忙于做某事） (4) I can take up to six people in my car. 我的汽车最多能带六个人。20. play an important role in sth./ doing sth. 在某事当中扮演重要角色；在做某事当中发挥重要作用 leading role 主角 role play 角色扮演21. life n. 生命，生活 复数：lives live /liv/ v. 居住 第三人称单数: lives（live /laiv/ 作形容用，指现场直播）22. make up 编造（故事，谎言等） make up lies 编造谎言 补上 make up the time 补上这段时间 组成 make up a team 组建一个团队 化妆 make up your face 给你的脸化妆 被动语态： be made up 被编造； be made up of 由组成 make up ones mind to do sth. 下决心做某事23. poor adj. 贫穷的，可怜的，差的，不擅长的 the poor 表示贫穷的一类人 （the+形容词）24. seriously adv. 严重地；严肃地；认真地 take sth. seriously 认真对待某事25. fun n.& adj. 有乐趣be fun to do sth. 做某事有乐趣 have fun in doing sth. 做某事很愉快 make fun of 与某人开玩笑26. give v. 给予 可接两个宾语，成为双宾语 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.常在中考中出现的可接双宾语的动词主要有：tell, hand, pass, give, teach, bring, send, lend, show 等v. sb. sth. = v. sth. to sb.buy, cook, get, make, draw 等v. sb. sth. = v. sth. for sb.27. crowded adj. 拥挤的 be crowded with 挤满 crowd n. 群 a crowd of 一群单元重点语法详解二、形容词最高级的几种句型1. 在最高级句子中常含有表示比较范围的介词in 或 of；of后面一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词，in 后面一般接表示单位或场所的名词。 e.g. The seats in the middle of the cinema are the best of all. Lin Hong is the cleverest student in our class.2. one of + the +形容词最高级 + 名词复数 最的之一 e.g. Tom is one of the cleverest students in our class.3. the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词单数 + in 短语 第几（长，大，远） e.g. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.4.形容词最高级用在选择疑问句中，Which/ Who A, B or C? e.g. Which city is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Linyi?5. the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词单数 + of (in)短语 = than the other + 名词复数比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数 （第三单元已学）6. 当形容词最高级有形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，最高级前的定冠词 the 省略。 e.g. Linda is my sisters best friend.4.1 形容词及其用法形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。（错）He is an ill man.（对）The man is ill.（错）She is an afraid girl.对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice4.2 以-ly结尾的形容词1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.4.3 用形容词表示类别和整体1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope.2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor.4.4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词 a small round table a tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirta famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car典型例题:1） Tony is going camping with _ boys. A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other little D.little other two 答案：C。由限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。3) - How was your recent visit to Qingdao?- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+those + three + beautiful + large + square新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词old + brown + wood + table4.5 副词及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1） 在动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I dont know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.4.6 兼有两种形式的副词1) close与closelyclose意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 与lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3)deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5)wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方 He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.6)free与freelyfree的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.4.8 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you. 2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can. 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine. 4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ then + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.4.9 比较级形容词或副词 + than You are taller than I. They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.注意：1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is clever than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia. 3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.4.10 可修饰比较级的词1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more muchC.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time 答案：D。4.11 many,old 和 far1) 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词 many more +可数名词复数2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。 在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。I have nothing further to say.4.12 the + 最高级 + 比较范围1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelli