英语动词讲解.doc

1. reach, arrive in/at, get to reach 是及物动词，它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。 I reached Beijing at about 7 oclock yesterday. arrive 是个不及物动词，后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需要在宾语前加介词in或at （城市等较大的地方前用in，较小的地方前用at） He arrived in Shanghai this morning. My father arrived at the bus stop on time. get to 表示到达，多用于口语中。 When he got to the cinema, the film had been on for half an hour. 注意：当后面接 here, there, home时, arrive或get后不要加介词。 She worked very late, when she got home , it was almost 12 oclock. Please arrive there before 4:00 this afternoon. 2. look, see, watch, read, find look 看，表动作 look at Please look at the blackboard carefully. Look! He is playing football over there. see看见，表示结果；也可说看电影 “see a film”。 I saw her running on the playground just now Have you ever seen the film? watch表示观看比赛、演出、电视等。 He likes watching TV. Did you watch the football game yesterday? read表示看书，看报等 He likes reading books 几个与“看”有关的词或者词组： look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to. look for寻找，表过程；find发现，找到期 find out 找出，查明。 I looked for my book everywhere, but I couldnt find it any where. look after, take care of 均表示照看，照顾 She often looks after/takes care of her sister at home. look over检查身体等 The doctor looked over the patient very carefully. look forward to 盼望，期待，后面接名词、代词或动名词形式。 I am looking forward to meeting you again.3. spend, take, pay, cost spend 多用人作主语,后接金钱或时间。spendon sth/(in)doing sth, in 可以省略。同义句是 It takes sb sometime to do sth Meimei spent two hours (in) doing her homework. He spent 50 yuan on this new book. take 常用于 It takes sb sometime to do sth句型中。 It often takes him an hour to go to school by bike It took me a week to finish the work. 说明：take. to do sth.句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间，而spend.doing sth.有时并不说明动作 是否完成。如：It took him an hour to read the book.他用一小时读完了这本书。 He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说明) pay的基本意思是支付，作为及物动词，宾语可以是人和钱。如： He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.他付了出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。 Well pay you in a few days.几天后我们会给你钱。 pay 常与 for 连用,表示付款。 How much should I pay for the books? You must pay for the book if you lose it. cost 常用物作主语,表示“价值或花费多少钱”。 This computer game costs me 30 yuan. How much do they cost?4. put on, wear, dress, dress up, in put on 指“穿上, 戴上”的意思,强调动作,代词多放在中间。 Here is your hat. Put it on, Lucy. He put on his new pair of sunglasses and went out. wear 指“穿着,戴着”，表示状态。 She is wearing a white blouse and a red skirt. dress 指“给某人穿衣服”，其宾语多是人。 The child can dress himself. Mrs King dresses her child every day. dress up 指“穿上盛装，打扮。” The meeting isnt very important; you neednt dress up for it. in 是个介词，后多接衣服的颜色，表示“穿着颜色衣服的”。 The man in black is my father.5. mend, repair mend通常指对器具的简单修理，缝补衣服、鞋袜或者修理破损的东西。 Ill mend the shirt. repair指把损坏的、发生故障的东西修好，通常需要一定专门技术、较复杂的设备，是难度较大的修理。 Mr Green sent for an electrician to repair the stove.6. bring, take, get, carry bring 指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”。 Please bring your dictionary to school tomorrow. take 指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到”离说话人较远处。 It is raining now. You had better take an umbrella with you when you go out. carry 不强调动作来去的方向，只说明动作方式，表示“背着、扛着、提着、搬运、载着”等含义。 The buses and taxis are carrying people here and there. I am so strong that I can carry the heavy box. get 指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。 Can you get the ball for us?7. used to, be used to used to +动词原形, 表示过去常常。 When he was young, he used to go swimming in winter. be used to+动词ing,表示现在常常。 I am used to playing football after class.8. say, speak, talk, tell say 接说话的内容,作及物动词。 say sth to sb 对某人说某事。 What did you say to my mother? Can you say it in English? speak 常指能说某种语言,打电话时表示说话,也有“演讲”的意思,不强调说话的内容。 Do you speak English? Mr Johnson will speak at the meeting. talk 常作不及物动词。表示“交谈,谈论”；做名词时有“演讲,报告”的意思。 What are they talking about? I will talk to your father about your health next time. Mr Zhang is going to give us a talk at the meeting. tell 的意思是“告诉某人；讲述；吩咐某人做”。多为及物动词，后面多接双宾语。 I will tell Tom the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow. My mother often tells me interesting stories.9. listen(to), hear, hear of, hear from listen听,后面不跟名词 listen to听，后面一定要加名词。表示听的动作。 Listen! The birds are singing in the tree. I am listening to the radio. hear （1）听见，听到 （2）听说，后面一般加句子。如果后面是名词，刚用hear of Can you hear me clearly? （听见） I heard her singing a song when I passed her room.（听到） I heard that famous singing would come here next week.（听说） hear of 听说，后面跟名词或者代词 Have you heard of that famous singer? hear from=receive/get a letter from sb=receive/get ones letter收到某人的信息或来信。 I heard from my father yesterday. =I received/got a letter from my father yesterday. =I received/got my fathers letter yesterday.10. borrow, lend, keep borrow 表示从别处或别人那里“借来”东西，常与from连用。 Can I borrow your bike?=Can you lend me your bike? I often borrow books from our school library. lend 表示将东西“借出、借给”别人，常与 连用。 Can you lend me your bike=Can I borrow your bike? Dont lend my book to others, please. keep表示“借、保存”，是延续性动词，要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 He borrowed the book a month ago. He has kept it for a month. How long can I keep the book?11. rise, raise rise是不及物动词，后面不跟名词。表示“上升、提高、增长”等。 The prices of all kinds of goods are rising very quickly. Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east. raise是及物动词，后面要跟名词。表示“举起、抬起”。 He raised his hand to ask the teacher to let him answer the question.12. begin, start begin较常用，指开始某一动作或进程，与 end 相对。而start着重于开始或着手做，有较强的动作性， 带有突然开始的意思，与 stop 相对 The first class begins at 7:30 every morning. The meeting will begin at 9:00 tomorrow and end at 5:00 pm. Now lets start to run as quickly as we can. 另外，当表示机器开动、创办或开设、出发或动身时要用不着 start而不用begin。 He started the machine and began to work. They started a supermarket near our building. I will start for Hainan soon.13. need , want need 和 want均可表示“需要”，need 可作情态动词而 want 不可作情态动词。当作实义动词时两者 后面都可接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。 I am very tired. I need/want a good rest. I want to go there with you. I need to write the words down on the notebook. want 后可接宾语补足语，而need 不可以。 He wanted me to help him. 当表示某人或某物需要被怎么样时，need 和 want 后面要接动名词形式。 My bike is broken. It needs/wants repairing. The walls are too dirty. They want/need cleaning.14. learn, study learn 与study均可表示“学习”，有时可以互换。但learn强调通过学习、练习或由别人教授而获得 某种知识或技能，侧重于学习的成果，表示“学会，学到”。而 study 指要通过深入的研究、探讨、 或学习，它侧重于学习的过程，意思是“研究、探讨、钻研”。 We are learning/studying English at school now. I studied hard and at last I learned to play the piano. learn to do sth.多表示学会做某事；learn doing sth.多表示学习做某事。当表示“向某人学习” 时只能用learn I come here to learn singing. I have learned to swim. We often learn from each other at school.15. receive accept receive的意思是“收到了”,只表示收到某物，并不表明同意或不同意接受的含义。 I received a gift from her, but I returned it back to her this morning. accept表示“接受”，“同意接纳”。如接受物体、邀请、批评等。 He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily. 16. answer, reply answer 意为“回答、响应、答复、接听电话”等，多作及物动词。 Can you answer the teachers questions? I called you, your father answered the telephone. reply 意为“回答、答复”，是不及物动词，后需要加介词to，at等再加宾语。 Please reply to these questions.17. hope, wish , expect hope指主观上的愿望,在客观上也有实现的可能性,常接that从句,动词不定式或以for引出的短语,但不 可用不定式作宾语补足语。 I hope to be a doctor when I grow up. We hope she will be better soon. I hope you come here soon. wish 表示“希望”、“愿望”、其希望基本上能实现。后面可有名词、不定式作宾语或宾语补足语。 We wish to have a good time tonight. Here are beautiful flowers for you . Wish you a happy birthday. I wish you to go there with me tomorrow. 若后面接从句，则表示实现的可能性不大。 How I wish that I could fly one day. expect着重指客观上有可能实现的“期待、期望”等，其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或that从句 I am expecting that she will be better soon. We are expecting a letter from him.18. lie, lay lie 位于 Shanghai lies in the east of China. lie-lied-lied-lying(说谎) We shouldnt lie to friends.(说谎) lie-lay-lain-lying(躺) The man lay in the middle of the road just now.(躺) lay-laid-laid-laying(放置、产卵) The hen laid two eggs yesterday.(产卵) Supper is ready, Lay the table for breakfast.（放置） lie可作名词，表示谎言。tell sb a lie He told me a big lie just now.19. neither, none neither否定两个人或者物，其反义词为both。作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 Neither of the twins is in Class One. 这一对双胞胎都不在1班 none否定三者或三者以上的人或物，其反义词为all。它指不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；指复 数名词时，有两种情况：none of +有生命体，谓语动词用复数；none of +无生命体，谓语动词用单数。 None of this money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的。 None of the bikes are new. 这些单车都不新。 None of the students are from Guangdong. 这些学生没有一个来自广东。20. night, evening 这两个词都有“傍晚”或“夜晚”的意思。evening泛指晚上，一般表示从天黑或晚饭就寝这段时 间。night指夜晚，表示从日落到日出这段时间。 at night 在夜晚 in the evening 在晚上 in the night 一整夜（反义词是in the day =at night+in the evening ） Good evening! 晚上好（晚上见面时的问候语） Good night! 晚安（临睡时的问候语）21. no, not 这两个词都有否定的含义，很容易混淆。注意他们在意思与用法上的差别： no的意思是“没有”，相当于not a 或not any；而not的意思是“不”。 He has no sisters=He has not any sisters. Not everybody thinks so.不是人人都这么想。 名词前如果已经有a, any, much, enough等词时，要用not，而不用no。 no+形容词/副词比较级+than表示该形容词或副词的相反含义。 not+形容词/副词比较级+than只是表示比较结构的普通否定。22. no more, no longer no more与not.any more, not.any longer同意，表示程度、次数上“不再”。 He has cried no more.他不再哭了。 no longer表示时间上“不再”。 Im no longer you.我不再年轻了。23. next, the next next是以现在时间为基点的“下一”，和一般将来时连用。 the next是指以过去或者将来某一时间为基点的未来。 We are going to the farm next week. My father got to Guangzhou on May 15. The next day he left for Shanghai.24. as;when;whileas, when, while这三个词都有“当时候”之意，但用法有所不同，使用时要特别注意。when意为“在时刻或时期”，它可兼指“时间点”与“时间段”，所引导的从句的动词既可以是终 止性动词，也可是持续性动词。如：When I got home, he was having supper.我到家时，他正在吃饭。as意为“一边一边”或“与同时”，重在表示动作同时发生、伴随进行。如：They talked as they walked.他们边走边谈。while只指“时间段”，不指“时间点”，从句的动词只限于持续性动词。如：While I slept, a thief broke in.在我睡觉时,盗贼闯了进来。注意：when从句与主句动作先后发生时，不能与while, as互换。如：When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。 (when=before) when从句动词为终止性动词时，不能由while替换。如：When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball.昨天他来时，我们正在打篮球。此时when也不能用as替换，因为as从句为终止性动词时，主句通常也必须是终止性动词。当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时，when, while和as才有可能互相替代。如： While / When / As we were still laughing, the teacher came in.正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时，老师 进来了。 从句的谓语动词如表示状态时，通常用while。如：We must strike while the iron is hot.我们应该趁热打铁。EXERCISES:( )1. Li Ming a new sweater today. A. wear B. puts on C. is wearing D. in( )2. I 100 yuan on the book. A. spent B. paid C. cost D. took( )3. I have lost my pen. I cant it anywhere. A. find B. look C. find out D. look for( )4. How to learn English well,