一般过去时讲解及习题.docx

7.21 一般过去式姓名：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构：主语+谓语(动词过去式）+句子其他成分；主语+was/were+形容词/名词/介词短语+过去时间；否定形式was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。标志：用动词的过去式表示，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night，in+过去的年份，two days ago，before，the age of等。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often，always等表示频率的时间状语连用。表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。动词变化：1直接加ed：work worked looklooked2以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused3以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study studied carrycarried worryworried4以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop stopped planplanned重读闭音节体现形式为辅-元-辅结构，例如nod,n为辅音，o为元音，d为辅音。5. 以ic结尾的动词，要把ic变成ick再加ed，如picnicpicnicked，traffictrafficked6不规则变化的动词过去式：have-had are-were get-got say-said feel-felt do/does-did is-was go-wentdrink-drank eat-ate bring-brought think-thought buy-bought catch- caught teach - taught sit-sat wear-wore cut-cut sweep-swept sleepslept see-saw become-became1 readread(详见:不规则动词)7以辅元辅结尾的加d句法结构：肯定形式主语+动词过去式+其他例句：She often came to help us in those days.否定形式was/were+not；在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词例句：I didnt know you like coffee.一般疑问句Did+主语+谓语动词原型+其他？ WasWere+主语+表语?例句：Did I do homework?用法：（1）一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般不强调动作的影响，只说明的事情。句式：主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.注意在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。He was dead in 1990.(3）表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。（4） 表示在此之前一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always，never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她是否常带着伞。）比较Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。（说明这是她的习惯，表明她仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。（表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦）I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。（不涉及到说明是否喝酒）（5）如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do（过去常常做，而不那样做了）He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。（意味着他不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了）I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着不在早晨散步了）比较：I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。（只是说明过去这一动作）（6）有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是我知道你没病）1时间状语：1 yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening)2 the day before yesterday3 last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century 世纪）4 ago5this morning/afternoon/evening6when引导的状语从句（过去时）7just now8the other day - a few days ago.9 at the age of 10 （过去年龄段）10 in the old days11. at that time12. at that moment.13.last year.一般形态：1 Be 动词的一般过去时态.在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我迟到了。）否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语如：We werent late yesterday. （我们昨天没有迟到）【注意】：当句中含有系动词was，were时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。如：I was on the Interntwhen you called me.当你打电话给我时，我在上网。 ：I was not/wasnt on the Internet when you called me .当你打电话给我时，我不在上网。疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语当谓语动词提前并直接或间接表达注意时态特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语2实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does 的过去式did.否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形+宾语疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语3助动词和情态动词过去式如下：shallshould（将要）用于第一人称单数willwould（将要）用于所有人称cancould（能，会） maymight（可以） mustmust （必须）have tohad to（不得不）助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。如：I had to do my homework yesterday. （昨天我不得不做作业。）语法讲解：一般过去时也叫单纯过去时。例A：Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday.（史密斯先生昨天买了一辆新车。）例B：They were here only a few minutes ago.（几分钟前他们还在这里。）一般过去时的用法如下：一般过去时最明显的现象就是常由表达过去之时间的副词或副词短语来修饰它（如各例句的斜体字部分）。这些常用于修饰一般过去时的副词有：yesterday,yesterday morning （afternoon,evening ），just now （刚才），before （以前）， then（at that time ） （当时），last +时间 （如 last week,month,year,Monday， January， spring，etc. ），that +时间 （如 that day,afternoon,summer，etc. ），时间 + ago （如 a few minutes ago,two weeks ago,years ago， etc.）“过去”的概念并不是只指如 “yesterday,last week， ” 等，实际上“与现在对立的过去”，亦即“非现在的以前”，哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”，只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立，就必须使用一般过去时来表达。例如：He was here only a few minutes ago.（仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。）I came home just now.（我刚回到家。）在A项我们说明了“this + 时间， today,etc.”的时间副词常用于修饰一般现在时，但是实际上只要是“与说话时的现在”对立，就必须使用一般过去时。例如：I got up very early this morning.（今天早晨我起床很早。）He was late for school again today.（今天他又迟到了。）3）一般过去时的用法：1 过去发生的动作。例如：The police stopped me on my way home last night.2 过去存在的状态。例如：They werent able to come because they were so busy.3 常用于一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，once upon a time(很久以前)，long ago，then(那时)等。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1 Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be解析：几分钟前发生的动作， 应该用一般过去时。应选A，2-Hi,Tom.-Hello,Fancy. I _ you were here.A.dont know B.wont think C. think D. didnt know解析：虽然句中没有明确的时间状语， 但是可以通过上下文语境判断出， 我说这话之前不知道，但是现在知道了，表示的动作，要用过去时态。所以选D。3He promised to tell me by himself when I _.A. come B. would come C. came D. had come解析：在时间状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来。应选C。技巧：一变：肯定句变为否定句【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could，would，should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如：I could get you a concert ticket. I could not / couldnt get you a concert ticket.【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was，were 时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如：I was on the Internet when you called me. I was not / wasnt on the Internet when you called me.【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时，在该动词之前加did not / didnt，动词还原，构成否定句。例如：The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. The famous singer did not / didnt sing any Chinese songs.二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was，were,could，would，should等移到句首。例如：He could pack his things himself. Could he pack his things himself?【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。例如：Mr Li looked very old. Did Mr Li look very old?三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句【技巧1】确定疑问词：人who / whom，物what，地点where，时间when / what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等等。例如：They gave the concert last night. When did they give the concert?【技巧2】辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+.? 例如：The accident happened near the station. Where did the accident happen一些不规则变化：dodid seesaw makemade taketook eatatereadread putput getgot hearheard feelfeltis/am-was are-were teach-taught catch-caughtbuy-bought go-went come-came become-became等习题一：1_ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _(read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _(put) up the picture last night. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _(find) in the garden last morning?She _(find) a beautiful butterfly.9. How _(be) Jims weekend? It _(be not) bad. 10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _. 11. I _(have) an exciting party last weekend. 12. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 13. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 14. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 15. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 16. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year. 17. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night. 18. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _习题二：一、单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(10)( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent( )2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt 二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.三、翻译下列句子(20)1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night.3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。 Emma_ TV every day. But he _ _ _ yesterday.4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。 What _ they _ _ Saturday? They _ _ homework and _ _.5. 今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。 This morning Fangfang _ _ _ _ because his father _ _ _ yesterday. 四、改写句子：(20)1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_ there _ orange in the cup?4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句） _ Frank _ an interesting book about history? 5. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句） _ _ _ out for a walk? 五、 改错题(20) 1How is Jane yesterday? _ 2He go to school by bus last week. _ 3He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _