虚拟语气讲解打印版.doc

虚拟语气讲解1. 宾从 wish（would rather）+宾语从句 suggest（）+宾语从句2. 主从 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do 表从 S+is that +s + (should) +do 同位从 S+that +s +(should) +do3. 定从 It is (high) time that + S + did4. 状从 1. 时态后退型 用一过表现在用过完表过去 用过将表将来 2. should+动词原形型 I. 条件状从与现反 从一过，主would/should/could/might+do与过反 从过完，主would/should/could/might+have done与将从did， 主would/should/could/might+do should do were to do (1) If he were free, he would help us. If he studied at this school, he would know you well. (2) If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. (3) If he should go abroad, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 注意：省略 if 要倒装。II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 1. wish+that sb. did/were(与现反)sb. had done（与过反）sb. would/should do（与将反）2. would rather 虚拟现在 were, did (一过)虚拟过去 had done虚拟将来 did (一过)I would rather I hadnt said such unkind things to you. Id rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. Id rather you posted the letter right away. 3. suggest+ that sb. (should) do 表愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词后的宾从虚拟这类词有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested， require等。 注意：1. suggest 表“建议”，宾从虚拟；“暗示”，用陈述 2. insist 坚持“建议”，宾从虚拟；坚持“事实”，用陈述。Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.Your pale face suggests that you are ill.I insisted that you（should）be wrong.I insisted that you were wrong.III. 主从虚拟It is + p.p/ adj./n. + that sb. (should) dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted. important, necessary, natural, imperative紧急的, strange. a pity, a shame, no wonder. IV同位从and表从虚拟常见有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation，plan，resolution， idea等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. V 定从虚拟It is（about high）time that sb. did sth.should do sth. eg. Dont you think its about time we went home？ 注：This is the first time that sb. have done.eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？ VI.让步、方式、目的状从虚拟 1even if/ even though (让步) 同 ifEven if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 2as if/ as though （方式） did/ werehad doneShe looks as if she would cry. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.They talked as if they had been friends for years.3 lest（以免），for fear that(唯恐) (should) do in case(目的)eg. He was punished lest he make the same mistake again.The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. (也可用陈述语气) VII虚拟语气用情感语言中 1虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。 eg.You shouldnt have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distance 2If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语 eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.IX.虚拟语气的特殊用法：1. 省掉if的条件从句结构： Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he would.)3. 条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.2错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。3If there werent/had not been +=without4If it were not for/ If it hadnt been for= but for5otherwise+虚拟语气的句子6虚拟语气的句子，but+ 陈述事实的句子从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. If they had informed us, we would not come here now.从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.1. If you were old enough, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed2. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. Bring3. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try4. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know5. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone6. The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. Takes7. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read8. Your advice that_ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited9. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free immediately.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set10. If I had seen the movie, I _you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told11. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended12. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were13. It is strange that such a thing _ in your class.A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened14. If only I _ how t