最新初中英语时态讲解与练习.doc

最新初中英语时态讲解与练习 原创一般现在时一般现在时通常用动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数（he, she, it, Tom）时需要在在动词原形后面加-e或-es.如：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般动词在词尾加-s,在清辅音后读/s/,在元音和浊辅音后读/z/,在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/.help, like, swim, listen, know, play, get, find.helps, likes, swims, listens, knows, plays, gets, finds以字母s,x, ch,sh结尾的动词加-es,读/ /, 如果动词原形词尾已有-e，则加-s.以o结尾的动词也加-es.teach, go, watch,teaches, goes, watches以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读/z/.study,studies一般现在时的基本用法1.表示主语现在的特征和状态，通常不用时间状语。He is twelve, she is at home. She likes bread.2. 表示经常发生、反复发生的动作。这种用法中与always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never, once a week等频度副词连用。She often goes to the movies on weekends.-How often do you watch TV?-I watch TV every day.-What time does he eat breakfast?-He eats breakfast at seven oclock.-When is your birthday?-My birthday is January 15th.3.表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从东方升起。The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.4.一般现在表示将来时。. 表示按时间表拟定的或安排好，到时就发生的事情或动作。The train arrives at 10:30. There is plenty of time.火车十点三十分到达，还有充足的时间。She comes back next week.她下周会回来。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中。I will discuss this with you when we meet next time.下次见面时咱们再讨论。If he arrives, please give me a phone call.现在进行时构成：be(am, is are)+现在分词。现在进行时的基本用法(1).表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与now, at the moment等连用。有时句首有look, listen等。What are doing?I am watching TV.(2).表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。We are working on a farm these days.I am writing a book this month.(3).现在进行时可以表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，尤其是一些表示位置移动的词，如come, go, leave, start, arrive.等句中往往有表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week等-What are you doing for vacation?-I am babysitting my sister.-When are they going?-Theyre going next week.一般将来时(1).助动词will/shall+动词原形表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常常带有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next week, in two days, in the future, from now on等We will come to see you next week.Do you think there will be robots in peoples home?表示事情的必然性。It will be Tuesday tomorrow.I will 18 years old next year.(2).be going to+动词原形表示按计划、安排，打算要做的事情，或者有迹象表明将要发生的事情。I am going to check my e-mail this evening.It is going to rain.(3)现在进行时表示将来时（见上述）(4).一般现在时表示将来时(见上述)(5).be to do结构表示将来这种结构表示计划中约定的活按职责、义务、要求必须做的事情或即将发生的动作。My dream is to be a great scientist.Your homework is to be handed in next Monday.你的作业下周一必须交上。(6).be about to表将来这一结构表示马上要发生的事情，不强调主观，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。Be quiet. The film is about to start.安静，电影马上开始了。一般过去时一般过去时是由动词的过去式来表示的。一般过去时表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。动词的过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。规则动词的过去式构成如下构成规则原形过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-edlookplaystartlookedplayedstarted结尾是e的动词加-dlivehopeuselivedhopedused末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstopplanstoppedplanned以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edstudycarryworrystudiedcarriedworried现在完成时构成：助动词have/has+过去分词表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的结果或影响。常与already, just, yet, in the last few years, so far, -Have you had your lunch yet?-yes, I have. I have just had it.（现在我不饿了）I have already posted the photos.(这些照片已不在这里了) 表示动作或状态从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去。常与for, since引导的时间状语连用，可以用how long提问，谓语动词用延续性动词。I have known Li Ming for three years.They have lived here since 1996.She has taught us since I came to this school.How long have you worked in this factory?现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last night, three days ago, in 1990等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系。它可以喝表示过去的时间状语连用。I have seen the film.我已经看过这部电影（我了解这部电影的内容）I saw the film last week.我上一周看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。He has lived here since 1992. 1992你年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（不涉及现在他是否还住在这里）have bee to和have gone tohave been to 表示曾经去过某地。have gone to 表示已经去某地了。have bee in a place在某地待了有多久。现在完成时的口诀发生在过去，影响在现在。just, already, yet常配用。过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，可把一段时间带。have been to+地点曾去某地已回来。have gone to+地点已去某地未回来，have been in+地点，在某地待了有多久。延续性动词与终止性动词讲解动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。延续性动词（或称为持续性动词）终止性动词（或称为瞬间动词、非延续性动词、非延续性动词、界限性动词）表示动作一发生即告结束的动词叫终止性动词，表示持续一段时间的动词叫延续性动词。 一、英语中常见的终止性动词有：leave， go，come，arrive，begin，buy，borrow，die，join， become，marry，graduate，become等。由于终止性动词所表示的动作发生与结束在一瞬间完成，所以终止性动词的完成体的肯定式既不能与表示一段时间的状语“for 时间段”或“ since 时间点”连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句之中。例句： 我哥哥参军两年了。My brother has joined the army for two years（误） 我哥哥自1999年就参军了。My brother has joined the army since 1999（误） 你哥哥参军多久了？How long has your brother joined the army ？（误） 如用延续性动词表示瞬间的行为，则必须借助come（表示动作的渐进过程），begin， get（表示动作的变化过程）等动词。例句： I studied English thirteen years ago（误） I began to study English thirteen years ago（正） When did you know him？（误） When did you get to know him ？（正） 二、终止性动词肯定形式的完成时不能与一段时间状语连用。可用以下三种方法替换： 时态替换法 就是把非延续性动词的完成时态，改为过去时态，然后再把“for+一段时间”改为“一段时间段ago”，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。例句： My brother joined the army two years ago The old man died ten years ago He left his hometown thirty years ago 句型替换法 (2).since法用“ It is（或has been）一段时间 since”改写，该句型中since后面的谓语动词多为终止性动词，且常用一般过去时。例句： It is（或has been）two years since my brother joined the army It is ten years since the old man died It is（或has been）thirty years since he left his hometown 注：It ishas beensince句型中的动词若为延续性动词，计时的起点是since句中动词结束之点。不然应将since句中的动词改为begin to do sth。例句： Its five years since he studied English他不学英语已五年了。 Its five years since he began to study English他学英语已五年了。 (3).一段时间法“用一段时间has have passed since SV-ed”句型改写。例句： Two years has have passed since my brother joined the army Thirty years has have passed since he left his hometown (4).动词替换法 若保留for 时间段，since 时间点或用在how long句型中，需将终止性动词改为相应的延续性动词或状态动词。例句： My brother has been in the army for two years Jack has been a postman for about six years When he came home，I had been asleep for three hours Of course I know him very well because we have been friends for ages How long have you been here？ About two months 三、常见终止性动词与延续性动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下： leave be away（from） borrow keep finish end stop be over join the army be serve in the army be a soldier open be openjoin the Party be in the Party be a Party member catch get a cold have a cold fall asleep be asleep go to school be in schoolbe a student begin be on put on（上演）be on buy have become be marry be married（to） wake up be awake make friends with be friends with open sth keep sth openlose be lost be missing be gone lose ones job work be out of work a job 例句：When he got to the station，the train had been away for a long time My brother has had a bad cold for a week My father joined the Party in 1945He has been a Party member for about fifty-five years Toms brother had been in the army for three years before he became a teacher The film had been on for fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema Excuse meHow long may I keep the book？ Two weeks Kate was wearing that red coat from Monday to Saturday Kate has been married to John for nearly ten years Joe told his friends that he had been a lawyer for ten years The factory has been open since 1990 四、since从句中两种时态的不同含义 我们再来分析一下since从句中使用终止性动词与延续性动词的区别。 在since从句中我们往往使用终止性动词的过去时，从句表示的时间是“从那一时刻起”，如： Mr Brown has made quite a few Chinese friends since he came to China. 布朗先生自从来中国以后已交了相当多的中国朋友。He has studied very hard since he came to our school他自从来到我们学校学习一直非常努力。 We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这儿，我们一直非常想念他们。 注意：since从句中不可以使用终止性动词的完成时since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词的一般过去时，从句表示的时间是“从那延续性动词动作结束时算起”，如：Its three weeks since my aunt stayed here. (=My aunt hasnt stayed here for three weeks.) 我阿姨不在这儿已有三周了。 I havent heard from him since I lived in Shanghai. 自从我离开上海以来，一直没有收到他的来信。) 但是如果在since从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时，则意味着该状态延续至今，和一般过去时的含义完全相反。试比较： I have been at school since I have been ill. （我生病以来一直在学校里。） I have been at school since I was ill. （我病愈以来一直在学校里。） 弄清since从句中两种时态的不同含义，对于以下例句的理解就不会感到困难了。如： Its 4 years since Mr Li smoked. （李先生戒烟已有四年了。）They asked me to have a drink with themI said that it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink他们叫我去喝一杯，我说我至少有十年没痛痛快快地喝一杯了。 I havent heard from him since I lived in Shanghai从我离开上海就没收到过他的来信。 I havent heard any noise since I slept我醒后没听到任何噪音。 He has lived with my uncle since he has returned from abroad（误） He has lived with my uncle since he returned from abroad（正） 五、终止性在否定句中，因为动作的否定就是一种可以延续的状态，因此，可以和for或since引导的时间状语连用，也可用在how long？句型中。例句：I havent received his letter for two weeks我两周没收到他的来信了。 He hasnt come here for 7days他七天没来这儿了。 She didnt marry ten years when her husband died她结婚还不到十年，丈夫就去世了。 六、“in数（时间）名词”的译法，主要以句中动词是延续性还是终止性而定。一般说来，如果句中动词是终止性，则译为“多久之后”。这时若要表达“在多久之内”，则需将 in改为within。如果句中动词是延续性，则译为“多久之内”。例句： Jack will go to Shanghai in two weeks杰克两周后就能抵达上海。 Tom will reach New York in a few days汤姆几天后就能到达纽约。 Ill finish reading this novel within three days三天内我就能读完这本小说。 They will learn Japanese in four or five years他们四五年内就能学会日语。 七、as so long as 从句 从句中只可用延续性动词或连系动词，不可用终止性动词。 if only 从句，则可用终止性动词。例句： As So long as you insist on studying English for a long time，youll master it只要你长期坚持学习英语，你就能掌握它。 As So long as you promise our conditions， we can satisfy your request（误） If only you promise our conditions，we can satisfy your request（正）只要你答应我们的条件，我们就能满足你的要求。八、延续性动词、终止性动词与时间状语或时间状语从句 when，before，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中，延续性动词、终止性动词均可充当谓语。 while引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。 until（或till）引导的时间状语（从句）中，若主句为否定结构，从句的谓语动词用延续性动词、终止性动词均可，意为“直到才”。若主句为肯定结构，从句中的谓语动词只能用终止性动词，表示主句的动作一直延续到until句子所表示的时间为止。例句： He came in while when I was reading我读书的时候他进来了。 I was reading when（此时不可使用while） he came他来时我正在读书。 He listened to the radio until his father came back他听收音机直到他父亲回来为止。 He didnt listen to the radio until his father came back他直到父亲回来，才开始听收音机。 I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework我直到完成家庭作业才去睡觉。 【强化训练】 1).My brother _ the Youth League for two years Ahas been in Bhas entered Chas taken part in Dhas joined in 2)._have you been away from home？ （I have been away from home）For five years AHow much BWhat time CHow long DWhen 3）The meeting _ for five hours Ahas finished Bhas ended Chas been over Dhas stopped 4）When Jack arrived，he learned Mary_ for almost an hour Ahad gone Bhad set off Chad left Dhad been away 5）The baby _ for eleven hours Afell asleep Bhas fallen asleep Chas got to sleep Dhas been asleep 6）While I _ Beijing，it was raining very hard Agot to Breached Carrived in Dvisited 7）How long have you _ ？ Since two years ago Afallen ill Bbeen ill Cleft home Dmarried 8）What was the party like？ WonderfulIts years _ I enjoyed myself so much Aafter Bwhen Cbefore Dsince 9）It is weeks since he _ So it isWed better ask someone else to help us Afell ill Bwas ill Cis ill Dhas been ill 10）Ill lend you my book，but you can onlyit for three days Aborrow Bkeep Ctake Dgot 11. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away12. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in13. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened14. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become15.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left16.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over17. Today is Thursday, and Tom lost his bike last Sunday. We may say “_”.A. Tom has lost his bike four days agoB. Tom has lost his bike for four days.C. Tom lost his bike for four days.D. Its four days since Tom lost his bike 18.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became19. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned20. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead21. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept22.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 23.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been24.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from25.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take26.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been27.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on28.He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up29. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had30.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keepKey:15 ACCDD 6-10 DBDAB 11-15 D C A B B; 16-20 C D A B C; 21-25 B C C C B; 26-30 C A C D D过去进行时构成：助动词be(was/were)+现在分词表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有at the moment（那时），at ten oclock last night（昨晚10点），(at) this time yesterday（昨天那个时候）等。What were you doing at seven last night?昨晚7点钟你在做什么？I was watching TV.我在看电视表示过去某阶段正在进行或暂时性的动作，常用的时间状语有at that time（那时），last night（昨天晚上），last winter（去年冬天）等。At that time he was working in Sydney. 那时，他在悉尼工作。It came at about 6:30 this morning. I was reading the newspaper then.时间是今天早晨六点半，我在看报纸。过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。一般将来时是以现在时间为基点看将来；过去将来时则是说话人以过去某时为基点看将来。过去将来时多用于宾语从句（包括间接宾语），表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。有三种形式，最常见的是would/should+动词原形He said(that)he would ring me up at six.他说他将在6点钟给我打电话。I thought you would change your mind.我原以为你会改变主意的。过去将来时也可用was/were going to +动词原形或某些动词的过去进行时的形式来表达。I didnt know that she was going to have a boy. 我当时不知道她将生一个男孩。He didnt say when she was coming.他没说他什么时候要来.过去完成时构成：助动词had+过去分词表示一个动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成，常与时间状语by yesterday（到昨天为止），by the end of last week（到上周末），by the time（到时）等连用。By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.I realized I had left my backpack at home.在宾语从句中，也经常使用过去完成时，表示 从句动作先于主句动作发生。I thought I had seen him before. 我原以为以前见过他。表示一个动作在过去某一时间以前就已经开始，一直延续到另一个过去时间，并有可能继续下去。常与for, since引导的表示时间的状语或从句连用。By six oclock yesterday they had worked for 12hours.到昨天6点为止，他们已经工作了12个小时。初中英语时态语态练习100题1. The sun _ in the east.A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises 2. He often _ his clothes on Sundays.A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash 3. Im Japanese. Where _ from?A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming4. A mother who _ her son will do everything for his happiness.A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved 5. _ at a higher temperature than water?A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling 6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You _.” A. dismissedB. are dismissed C. have dismissedD. were dismissed 7. I havent met him for ages, but his mother _ him sometimes.A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw 8. We will start as soon as our team leader_ .A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming 9. I think Jack _ the answer.A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows 10. My father _ George quite well; they were introduced at a party.A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing 11. Where _ ?A. Mary works B. works Mary C. does Mary works D. does Mary work 12. I think this question _ to answer.A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. Both A and B 13. _ oil or butter when you cook it ?A. Do you use B. Did you use C. Were you using D. Have you used 14. I _ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening.A. am reading B. read C. was reading D. will read 15. Now he _ a book about New York. I dont think he will finish it.A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing 16. Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening, but now he _ his schoolmates with their lessons.A. help B. is helping C. helps D. has helped 17. Mother washes the girls hair. Look, she _ . A. is washing it now B. washes it C. is washing them now D. washes them now 18. He usually listens to the radio, but at the present moment he _ television.A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. had watched 19. How long ago _ playing with soldiers? A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop 20. Look at John! What _ ?A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do 21. It _ hard when I left my house.A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain 22.The railway _ in three years.A. is complete B. will completed C. has completed D. will be completed 23. Dont talk so loudly. Your father _ .A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept 24. - What are you doing under the table?- I _ to find my pen.A. tried B. had tried C. try D. am trying 25. Jane and Tom _ the door.A. are