主语从句讲解及练习.doc

主语从句一、 名词性从句概述：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的连词连接词：that，if/whether(是否)，连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however辨别下列名词性从句的类别：1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.二、主语从句的连词分三类（1）从属连词引导的主语从句 （that whether if）that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。That 引导主语从句通常用it 作形式主语。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely. That you are so indifferent bothers me. That she survived the accident is a miracle.whether 引导的主语从句: whether有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。注意：引导主语从句，不能用if不能在开头，只能用whether。Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.（2） 用连接代词引导的主语从句 在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分.例如：What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this. Whatever we do is to serve the people.注：whatever / whoever的功用whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如： Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（ No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）（3）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasnt been made pubic.三、it 作形式主语的主语从句有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分四种情况：(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it替代主语从句： It is +名词+从句It is a fact that 事实是It is good news that 是好消息It is a question that 是个问题It is common knowledge that 是常识类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.Its a pity that you missed the film. It is +形容词+从句It is necessary that 有必要It is clear that 很清楚It is likely that 很可能It is important that 重要的是类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you （should）master the computer. It is important that a student learn English well. Its clear that they badly need help. It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。 It is +过去分词+从句It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证明It must be proved that 必须指出类似的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player. It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. It seems不及物动词 （happened / appears / doesntt matter / makes no difference / occurred ）that 主语从句不可提前 It seems that they will win the game. It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday. (2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。It was a problem whether they would support us.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是利是害，还得看看再说。(3) 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。有时也可将助用形式主语。如：It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。(4) 如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：Is it true that he is the girls father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗？How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了？四、连词that的省略问题引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可以省略：That you didnt go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)It was a pity (that) you didnt go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)五、高考题：1、It never occurred to me_you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(陕西高考)Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dif解析句意为：我从未想过你会成功地说服他改变主意。that引导了主语从句，前面的it是形式主语。答案C2、_was most important to her，she told me，was her family.(山东卷)AIt BThis CWhat DAs解析what引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语。答案C3、Its obvious to the students_they should get well prepared for their future.(天津卷)Aas Bthat Cwhich Dwhether解析it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，不作成分，只起连接作用。答案B4、_is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games have taken place in Beijing.AIt BAs CWhat DWhich解析what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。答案C5、_some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plug by many others.(2010北京)AWheter BWhat CThat DHow解析what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。答案B6、It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.(2010浙江)Athat Bhow Cwhat Dwhether解析what引导主语从句，在从句中作定语。答案C主语从句练习题1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 3.When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known4. _ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late5. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected6._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that8.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what11._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whe