中考英语语法复习资料 第二部分 句法 考点十二二十(1).doc

第二部分：句法中考考点十二：there be句型一. 句型构成肯定句: there be+n +there is a pen on the desk.there are some pens on the desk.否定句: there be(not) + n +there isnt a bed in the room.there werent women in the school.一般疑问句: be + there +n + is there a cake on the table?are there any books in the backpack?二.用法1某地存在某物则可以使用there be句型。2there be句型不能与have/has连用。3there be句型一般将来时用there will be.4there be句型中系动词be与后边的名词保持一致，后边的名词是可数名词单数，系动词be用is/was，如果后边名词是可数名词复数或不可数名词，系动词be则用are/were。若句中出现多个名词，系动词be则与第一个名词保持一致。5there be句型的反意疑问句用be there?中考考点十三：主谓一致一就近原则1. 由并列结构或连词（eitheror， neithernor，notbut， not onlybut also， or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。neither his parents nor tom_(be) at home.2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。there _(be) a book and some pens on the desk. there _(come) the bus. 3. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。i know the man who_(be) talking to my father.4. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。it is marys brother who_(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.二意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with， besides，except， but， including等短语时 ，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。i along with my sister_(be) going to shanghai next month. 2. 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。what i want to say _(be) just “ take care!”.3. “+ (of) +名词”作主语时，若“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。most of the water here _(be) clean.80% cotton _have) been sent to america.80%half of the apples _(be) red.6. 词组“a number of”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；“the number of”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。a number of ancient buildings _ (be) destroyed in the war.the number of the visitors _ (have) decreased this year. 7. 英语的集体名词（family, public, group, team, class等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。my family _(be) very poor when i was a little girlmy family _(be) all looking forward for your coming. 三整体原则1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。when to leave _(be) not been decided.watching tv too much _(be) bad for your eyes.注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。what he said and what he did _(be) always different last night .2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。the novelist and poet _(be) going to europe next year.the novelist and the poet_(be) going to europe next year.3. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。10 minutes is enough.4.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。2 and 3 _5. 5.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、.夫妇”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the blacks _(enjoy) working in china.四个体原则1. every +.and every +.或each+and each +作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。every man and every woman _(be) busy at working.2. 英语句中的each， either， neither等词，作代词充当主语，修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。neither of us _(have) been abroad. neither answer _(be) wrong .3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。somebody _(be)waiting for you at the school gate.4. 成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要与量词（pair, suit, piece ）在单复数上保持一致。a pair of scissors_(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.two pieces of paper _(be ) on the desk .5. 以复数形式出现，却表示单数意义（maths, physics, news ）谓语用单数。maths_(be) my favorite subject.6.“the +形容词（old /young /rich /poor ）”表示“一类人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。 the young _(like) listening to popular songs .7.“the +姓氏的复数” 表示“某某夫妇，某某一家人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。 the greens _(be)having lunch now.中考考点十四：倒装句1. 当句首为副词here ，there 且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。here comes the bus !. there goes the bell. !2、含有so,neither/nor的倒装句句型1so +主语+系v / 助v /情态v 译为“真的” he is a teather, so he is. neither/nor+主语+系v /助v /情态v 译为“真的不” he isnt my friend, neither he is.2so +系v /助v /情态v +主语 译为“也样” he has a toy, so do i. neither/nor +系v /助v /情态v +主语 译为“也不样” he isnt a lazy student, neither am i.做题方法1肯定句用so,否定句用neither或nor。2看主语主语一致放中间，不一致放后边。上文的主语与倒装句中的主语是同一人/物，则主语只能放中间，若不属同一人/物，则只能放后边。3 看动词 上文的动词是实意动词，到装句中需借助于相应的助动词。若上文的动词有系动词，助动词或情态动词，则到装句中只能用一致的系动词，助动词或情态动词。中考考点十五：感叹句一句型1how + adj/adv +主语+谓语!2what a/an + adj +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!3what + adj +可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!二做题方法1感叹句中的主语和谓语可以同时省去。what a tall boy!how slowly!2选择how/what/what a/an时采用倒推法，有名词且名词是可数名词单数用what a/an，若名词是可数名词复数/不可数名词时则用what，若句中除主语和谓语外无名词，则只能用how。how happily they are playing!what a fine day it is!what an interesting story it is!what bad weather it is today!3how引导的感叹句，之后谓语动词是系动词，前面只能用形容词，若之后谓语动词是实义动词，前面只能用副词。how slowly he runs! how easy this question is！中考考点十六：反意疑问句一 句型：陈述句 + 简略疑问句二 做题方法1.看动词陈述句中的动词是实意动词，疑问句中需借助于相应的助动词。若陈述句中的动词有系动词，助动词或情态动词，则疑问句中只能用一致的系动词，助动词或情态动词。2看肯定或否定前肯后否，前否后肯（陈述句称前，疑问句称后）。常见的否定词有：not, no, none, nothing, hardly, never, little, few, seldom等。3看主语疑问句部分只能用陈述句中主语相应人称代词的主格。4祈使句的反意疑问句：lets开头用shall we? 其余用will you?祈使句的反意疑问句没有肯定和否定之分。5there be句型的反意疑问句用be there?6陈述句中主语是复合不定代词时，疑问句部分的主语用：人-he/they 物-it/they7宾语从句的反意疑问句主句中主语是think, feel, believe, guess, find, suggest等时，反意疑问句以从句为主，否则以主句为主。几种特殊的附加疑问句：1. im , arent i? im right, _ _?2. there be , _ there? there will be fewer buses in the future, _ _?3.句中有反义词的句子的反意疑问句，仍把它作为肯定形式。 he is unhappy , _ _ ?4.lets 的反意疑问句为 shall we ? lets go to the movie together, _ _ ?5.祈使句的反意疑问句为 will you ? dont miss it ,_ _ ?6.若陈述句部分含有never , few , little , hardly ,no ,seldom ,nobody ,nothing 否定词、半否定词时，附加疑问句用肯定形式。 he can hardly understand it , _ _ ?7.陈述句的主语为不定代词时：1).主语为指人的不定代词时，附加疑问句的主语用he / they .no one was hurt , _ _ ?2).主语为指物的不定代词时，附加疑问句的主语用 it.nothing is serious, _ _ ?8.表推测的情态动词的附加疑问句，其附加疑问句与情态动词后的动词一致。he must be at school, _ _ ?9.陈述句的主语是this , that , these , those 时，附加疑问句的主语分别为 it , they .this is a new computer, _ _ ?those arent banana trees, _ _ ?10.当陈述句是主从复合句时， 其附加疑问句应与主句保持一致。若主句为i think / believe /suppose /imagine /expect 时，其附加疑问句应与从句保持一致。he said that he would leave here tomorrow, _ _ ?i dont think you can do these exercises alone, _ _ ?11.陈述句中有has / have / had 时，一定要注意。1).若句中是 has to / have to / had to ,表 “不得不”，疑问句的谓语用doesnt / dont / didnt 进行反问.they had to leave early, _ _ ?2).若句中是has / have / had 表“有 ”， 其附加疑问句的谓语用do/ does / did 进行反问。he has few friends in the new school, _ _? 3).若句中是has/ have / had +过去分词时，其反义疑问句的谓语用has/have/had进行反问。he has never been to beijing, _ _?she had studied a few english songs by the end of last month. ,_ _?五、反义疑问句的回答： 反义疑问句的回答要根据事实作答，若事实是肯定的，就用yes , +肯定形式。若事实是否定的，就用no, +否定形式。注意：在前否后肯的句子中，yes表示“不”而no表示“是的”。she didnt come to school yesterday, did she?_, though she was not feeling well.a.no, she didnt b.no , she did c.yes , she didnt d.yes , she did 考点归纳十七：祈使句1.祈使句中动词用原形。please open the door. shut up! lets go out.2否定祈使句的句型为：dont + v原形 dont go out. dont be late next time.3祈使句的反意疑问句：lets开头用shall we? 其余用will you?祈使句的反意疑问句没有肯定和否定之分。lets help him, shall we? let me help you, will you? dont go out, will you?考点归纳十八：状语从句一、引导词的选择：1.时间状语从句1).由when 、 while、as（当时候）引导的时间状语从句。when jack got home, his mother was cooking.2).由after/ before (在.之后/ 前)引导的时间状语从句。the football match played after school was over .3).由as soon as (一.就)引导的时间状语从句。ill ring you as soon as i reach beijing .4).由not.until（直到.才.）引导的时间状语从句。they didnt stop until they finished the work .2.原因状语从句 由because 、since 、as（因为、既然、由于）引导的原因状语从句。since you have known about that , please tell us what to do .3.地点状语从句 由wherever（无论在哪儿） 引导的地点状语从句。wherever he goes , he always brings his pet dog .4.目的状语从句 由so that (以便、为的是)引导目的状语从句。he got up very early so that he could catch the early bus.5.条件状语从句 由if或unless 引导条件状语从句。i wont go to his party unless i am invited.6.比较状语从句 由than、 asas、not asas 引导比较状语从句。there are more students in our class than in theirs.7.让步状语从句 由though 、even though/ if 、although引导让步状语从句。although he didnt pass the exam, his father didnt get angry with him .8.方式状语从句 由as if (好像)引导方式状语从句。he talked about that as if he knew everything.9.结果状语从句 由sothat、such.that（如此.以致于）引导结果状语从句。it was raining so hard that we couldnt see the road.二、状语从句与主句的时态问题1.时间状语从句、条件状语从句与主句的时态不一致。（主句用将来时，而时间、条件状语从句用一般现在时）if it _(not rain) tomorrow ,we_(go) to climb the hill .he _ (become) a sodier when he _(grow) up .2.since引导的时间状语从句。 it is + 时间+ since + 一般过去时 it_(be) ten years since we _(leave) that city .3.由when、while引导的时间状语从句的时态： 主句（过去进行时）+when +从句（一般过去时）主句（一般过去时）+when +从句（过去进行时）主句（一般过去时）+while +从句（过去进行时） 主句（过去进行时）+while +从句（过去进行时）注意：看动词为短暂性动词用一般过去时，动词为延续性动词则用过去进行时。mother _(cook)supper when i _(get)home yesterday.last sunday i_(meet)lin hong when i _(walk)in the street .while han meimei _(sweep)the floor , lucy _(carry) water.when the students _(have)a meeting, the teacher _(come) in .4.由when、after、before、by the time引导的时间状语从句的时态：主、从句的谓语动作都以完成，则先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。when they _(get) to the cinema last light , the film _(start) .i _(go) out with my friends after i _(finish) all the homework last night .中考考点十九：宾语从句一用一个句子来做主句谓语动词的宾语，该句子就叫宾语从句。其句型为：主语+谓语+引导词+主语+谓语+主 句 从 句二引导词1.所有的特殊疑问词都可以用作宾语从句的引导词。如：when, where, what, which, who, why, how2.that也常作引导词，但无词义，可以省去。3if（是否）= whether（但句末有or not时，只能用whether，不能用if）4宾语从句在中疑问词之后直接跟动词时，要用动词不定式。三语序宾语从句中，从句部分只能用陈述句的语序。四时态1 宾语从句中，若主句是一般现在时，从句的时态不受主句影响，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。2 若主句是一般过去时，从句的时态则受主句影响，从句要作相应的变化。变化如下：一般现在时-一般过去时 一般将来时-过去将来时现在进行时-过去进行时 现在完成时-过去完成时但若从句部分描述的是自然现象，客观事实，则不受主句影响，只能用一般现在时。考点归纳二十：定语从句一 定语从句是用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词（称作先行词），这个句子就叫做定语从句。通常出现在选择填空题中，要求选择正确的关系代词或关系副词。其句型为：先行词+关系代词/关系副词+从句。二 做题方法1 先行词是人时，关系代词用that, who。关系代词在句中作主语，宾语或表语。2 先行词是物时，关系代词用that, which。关系代词在句中作主语，宾语或表语。3 先行词是人/物并在句中作定语时，关系代词用whose。4 先行词是时间并作状语时，关系代词用when。5 先行词是地点并作状语时，关系代词用where。6 先行词是原因并作状语时，关系代词用why。三 特殊情况1 当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。2 当先行词前有the only, every, any, no, the last等修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。3 当系数词，形容词最高级修饰先行词时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。当主句是以疑问句或开头时，关系代词只能用that，不能用who/which。练习题1. excuse mecould you tell me _ get to the station？ certainlyturn right at the end of the road and you cant miss it ahow can we bhow we can cwhen can we dwhen we can 2. - do you still remember_ at the meeting. - sorry! i was so sleepy at that time.a. whether the headmaster said b. what the headmaster said c. if the headmaster said d. what did the headmaster say3. i wondered a famous singer because her voice wasnt so beautiful. a. whether lily would become b. if lily will become c. weather lily would become d. if would lily become 4. - nobody was sure in 2000 when i was born. - how time flies! you are 20 now. a. what life would be like b. what would life be likec. what be would life like d. life would be like what5. - mother didnt tell me . - but i did call you this morning and she took a message. a. if you will go shopping with me b. whether you will go shopping with me c. that you will go shopping with me d. if you would go shopping with me6. the teacher told the students .a. the earth went around the sun b. that the earth go around the sun c. the earth goes around the sun d. that the earth went around the sun7. - tom never gets lost in hongkong.- he said that there for a long time. a. he has lived b. he had lived c. he was living d. he have lived8. - do you know at that moment? - no. i wasnt there then. a. what were they doing b. what they did c. what they were doing d. what did they do 9. - i want to know . - acturally, its her dog. a. who is she looking for b. who she is looking c. who is she looking d. who she is looking for10. - have you decided for canada? - not yet. a. when will you leave b. when you will leavec. when are you leaving d. when you leaving11. - could you tell me ? - at about ten. a. what time did your father arrive home b. what time does your father arrive homec. when your father arrived home d. when your arrives home12. jim asked lucy feed their cat. a. doesnt forget to b. didnt forget to c. not to forget to d. to forget to 13. he said _everyone was here except lin feng athat bwhat cwhen dwhere 14 - could you tell me_? - its a secret.a .where do you live b. who you are waiting for c. who were you waiting for d. where you live in15. would you please tell me ? a. if he came back b. when did he came backc. whether would he come back d. when will he come back 16. andy really didnt know to help the dying old woman. a. what to do b. how could he do c. whether he can do d. what can he did17. do you know best of the three?a. which book he likes b. what book he likesc. which book doe she like d. what book does he like18. i dont know when she , but when she , i will let you know.a. arrive, will arrive b. will arrive, arrivesc. arrives, arrives d. will arrive, will arrive19. i cant understand _ the boy alone.a. why she left b. why did she leavec. why had she left d. why she had left20. can you guess ? a. if the man is in white a footballer b. that is the man in white a footballer c. whether the man in white is a footballer d. if the man in white is a footballer or not对话式选择专项复习题1. beibei, whats this _ english? its a table.a. for b. on c. in d. at2. there _ lots of food, milk and fruits in the fridge. a. is b. are c. has d. have3. paul, is that _ sweater? no, its not _.a. your; bobs b. your; mine c. bobs; yours d. bobs; mine 4. how much did you _ the mobile phone? one thousand yuan or so.a. take b. spend c. cost d. pay for5. jim, its so nice of you to help me. _. a. my pleasure b. youre right c. no problem d. its my turn6. sam has made few friends, _? no. he is new here. a. does he b. doesnt he c. has he d. hasnt he 7. the olympic games are coming soon. _ are they held? every four years. a. how far b. how soon c. how many d. how often8. would you like something to drink? _. a. certainly b. no, thanks c. me too d. id love9. - i have lost a chance to go to beijing university. - _. a. youre lucky. b. what a pity! c. congratulations! d. im sorry.10. - must i finish my homework now? - no, you _. a. cant b. mustnt c. neednt d. wont11. - are these _ coats? - no, they arent. _ are here. a. your, ours b. your, we c. you, ours d. you, our12. - li lei speaks french very well. - _. a. so is he b. so he does c. so he do d. so he did13i havent seen jack for three days .is he ill ? . his mother told me that he was in hospital.ai am afraid so bi hope not ci dont expect di am afraid not 14a latest english newspaper, please! only one copy left .would you like to have , sir?ait bonecthisdthat15i called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.oh, i am sorry i dinner at my friends home.ahave bhad cwas havingdhave had 16i was told to be here before eight. oh ,you . im sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.amustbcant cmaydneednt 17jimmy is leaving for a holiday. really? where he ?ahas / gonebwill /gocdid /goddoes/go18shall we go on working? yes, i prefer to have a rest .awhen bifcbecause dthough19what delicious cakes! they would taste with butter.agoodbbettercbaddworse20you look so happy! jack says i am pretty. has ever told me that before.asomebodybanybodyceverybodydnobody21shopping with me? sorry. i have a lot of clothes .ato wash bwashed cwash dto be washed22are you sure you have to ?its been very late. i dont know i can do it if not now.awherebwhy cwhen dhow23its a long story, but you can hardly find new words in it . good! it will be too hard for children.asoband cbutdor24. what do you call this in english? -its a stamp. it is used _ sending letters. a. forb. toc. with d. by25. do you like pets?-yes. i prefer to _ fish because they are clean and they cant spread (传播) disease. a. have b. cook c. keep d. eat26. why doesnt jack have his computer repaired?-i know _. perhaps he wants to buy a new one.a. why does heb. why he doesc. why doesnt he d. why he doesnt27. youve done a good job. - _. its very nice of you to