普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（大纲版解析版） (2)(1).doc

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（大纲卷） 英语解析第卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）(略)第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21im sorry for breaking the cup.oh, _ 一 ive got plenty.a. forget it b.my pleasurec. help yourself d. pardon me【答案】a【解析】试题分析：考查交际用语。句意：对不起，打坏了你的杯子。噢，没关系。我还有很多呢。此处forget it意为：得了吧；算了吧；没关系。根据句意选a。my pleasure不用谢； help yourself随便； pardon me对不起，再说一遍。考点：考查交际用语。22unless some extra money_, the theatre will be close.a. was found b. finds c. is found d. found【答案】c【解析】试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否则，剧院就倒闭了。根据主句的将来时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为find和money之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选c。考点：考查动词时态和语态。23today there are more airplanes_ more people than ever before in the skies.a. carry b. carryingc. carried d. to be carrying【答案】b【解析】试题分析：考查现在分词作定语。句意：现在比以前有有更多的飞机运送乘客。此处airplane和carrying之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故选b。考点：考查现在分词作定语24exactly_ the potato was introduced into europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.a. whether b. whyc. when d.how【答案】c【解析】试题分析：考查主语从句的连接词。句意：准确的说，土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定，但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。考点：考查主语从句的连接词。25whos that at the door? is the milkman.a. he b. it c. this d. that【答案】b【解析】试题分析：考查代词的用法。句意：谁在门外？是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选b。【知识拓展】it 的用法it 词小本事大， 人称代词包括它； 不明身份和性别，模糊指代就用它；距离日期和时间，天气环境全靠它；形宾形主惯用法，强调句型它当家。1)指代姓别不明的人look at the baby.isnt it lovely?2)指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。its twenty miles to the zoo.3)作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词、名词性从句。 its of great help to learn english well.i find it quite necessary to make some changes.4) 特殊的形式宾语it。enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后接 if 从句或 when 从句，通常应先在动词后接 it 作形式宾语。如：i will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.5)用于强调句中：it iswasthatwho。its from the sun that we get light and heat.考点：考查代词的用法。26_the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.a. not do only b. do not only c.only not do d. not only do【答案】d【解析】试题分析：考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅要求涨工资而且要求减少劳动时间。此处后面的but also被省略，not only引导的句子置于句首时，需部分倒装。故选d。【知识拓展】not only., but also.连接并列分句且置于句首时前倒后不倒，但连接并列主语时不倒装。not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadnt done a very good repair job either. 修车厂不仅对我超额收费，而且维修工作还很差。not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅帮助人们寻找工作。而且也将提供医疗给那些需要的人。考点：考查倒装句。27raymonds parents wanted him to have_ possible education.a. good b. better c.best d. the best【答案】d【解析】试题分析：考查形容词比较级的用法。句意：raymond的父母想让他接受最好的教育。形容词最高级前加the是解题关键。考点：考查形容词比较级的用法。28i think mrs. stark could be _ between 50 and 60 years of age.a. anywhere b. anybodyc. anyhow d. anything【答案】a【解析】试题分析：考查不定代词的用法。句意：我认为stark夫人的岁数可能在50到60岁之间。此处anywhere意为：任何地方。anybody任何人； anyhow 不管怎样；anything任何事。anywhere between 。 and 。意为：大约。考点：考查不定代词的用法。29september 30 is the day_which you must pay your bill.a. by b. for c. with d. in【答案】a【解析】试题分析：考查介词的用法。句意：9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。此处by意为：截止到日期。根据句意选a。【知识拓展】by的用法by表“时间”时，意为“在之前，不迟于”，多与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。will you please finish the work by friday? 请你星期五之前完成这项工作，好吗？the train had left by the time we got to the station. 我们到达车站时，火车已离开。by the time the letter reaches you l will have left the country到你收到这封信的时候，我已离开这个国家。by可表示“方式、手段”，意为“借、靠”，后接动名词。what do you mean by saying that? 你那话是什么意思？by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”。the bullet missed him by two inches.子弹差一点点打中他。by可表“单位”，意为“按；以计；依据”，此时，by之后表单位的名词通常加the。i am paid by the hour我是按小时拿工资的。考点：考查介词的用法。30although you _ find bargains in london, it，s not generally a cheap place to shop.a. should b. need c. must d. can【答案】d【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是一般不是购物便宜的地方。此处can意为：能。根据句意选d。考点：考查情态动词的用法。31caroline doesnt have a gift for music，but she _ it with hard work.a. goes back onb. takes away from c. makes up for d. catches up with【答案】c【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语的用法。句意：caroline没有音乐天赋，但她用努力学习弥补了她的不足。此处make up for意为：弥补。根据句意选c。goes back on违背；takes away from从拿走；catches up with赶上。考点：考查动词短语的用法。32the reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _them since.a. seesb. saw c. has seen d. had seen【答案】c【解析】试题分析：考查动词时态。句意：那些报告于2012年丢失了，从那以后没有人见过它们。此题解题的关键词是后面的since，此处意为：从那以后。这是现在完成时的标志。故选c。考点：考查动词时态。33_me tomorrow and fll let you know the lab result.a. callingb. callc. to call d. having called 【答案】b【解析】试题分析：考查动词的正确形式。句意：明天给我打电话，我会告诉你实验的结果。此句是祈使句，故用动词原形。选b。考点：考查动词的正确形式。34henry was away from home for quite a bit and _ saw his family.a. frequently b. seldom c. always d. usually【答案】b【解析】试题分析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：henry离开家很长时间了并且很少回来看家人。根据句意因为离开很长时间了，所以，他应该很少回家。根据句意选b。 frequently频繁地；always 总是；usually通常。考点：考查副词词义辨析。35what did you do last weekend?oh，nothing_.a. much b. else c. ever d. yet【答案】a【解析】试题分析：考查副词的用法。句意：上个周末做什么了？噢，没做什么。此处nothing much意为：没什么。根据句意选a。此处much多； else其他的； ever 曾经；yet还。考点：考查副词的用法。第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文.从短文后各题所给的四个选项(a、b. c和d )中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项小涂黑。joe simpson and simon yates were the first people to climb the west face of the siula grande in the andes mountains. they reached the top _36_, but on their way back conditions were very _37_. joe fell and broke his leg. they both knew that if simon _38_ alone, he would probably get back _39_. but simon decided to risk his _40_ and try to lower joe down the mountain on a rope（绳）.as they _41_ down, the weather got worse. then another _42_ occurred. they couldnt see or hear each other and, _43_, simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）. it was _44_ for joe to climb back or for simon to pull him up. joes _45_ was pulling simon slowly towards the precipice. _46_, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, simon had to _47_. in tears, he cut the rope. joe _48_ into a large crevasse（裂缝）in the ice below. he had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. he couldnt walk, but he _49_ to get out of the crevasse and started to _50_ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers _51_.simon had _52_ the camp at the foot of the mountain. he thought that joe must be _53_, but he didnt want to leave _54_. three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard joes voice. he couldnt _55_ it. joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.36. a. hurriedly b. carefully .c. successfully d. early 37. a. difficult b. similar c. special d. normal 38. a. climbed b. worked c. rested . d. continued 39. a. unwillingly b. safely c. slowly d. regretfully 40. a. fortune b. time c. health d. life41. a. lay b. settled c. went d. looked42. a. damage b. storm c. change d. trouble 43. a. by mistake b. by chance c. by chance d. by luck44. a. unnecessary b. practical c. important d. impossible 45. a. height b. weight c. strength d. equipment46. a. finally b. patiently .c. surely d. quickly47. a. stand back b. take a rest c. make a decision .d. hold on48. a. jumped b. fell c. escaped d. backed49. a. managed b. planned c. waited d. hoped 50. a. run b. skate c. move d. march51. a. around b. away c. above d. along 52. a. headed for b. travelled c. left for d. returned to53. a. dead b. hurt c. weak d. late54. a. secretly b. tiredly .c. immediately d. anxiously55. a. find b. believe c. make d. accept【答案】36c 37a 38d 39b 40d 41c 42d 43a 44d 45b 46a 47c48b 49a 50c 51b 52d 53a 54c 55 b【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，在文中讲述了英国登山家joe simpson和同伴simon yates攀登秘鲁境内安第斯山脉米的siula grande峰时的遭遇，他们成功在西坡登顶。但是在下山时却遇到了困难，joe腿部受伤，但是他们最终还是成功地活了下来。36c.考查副词辨析及语境理解。a. hurriedly 匆忙地； b. carefully仔细地；c. successfully成功地；d. early早。根据前句内容可知他们第一个爬上了攀登秘鲁境内安第斯山脉6344米的siula grande峰，所以选c。37a.考查形容词辨析及语境理解。a. difficult 困难的；b. similar 相似的；c. special特别的；d. normal正常的。根据下文内容可知他们受了伤，遇到了困难，所以下山的路是很艰难的，选a。38d. 考查动词辨析及语境理解。a.climbed 爬； b. worked 工作； c. rested 休息； d. continued继续。根据上文内容可知他们是在下山的途中，此处指simon一个人下山，而不顾及受了伤joe，易错选项为a，上文提到他们已经爬上山顶，现在是在下山，故答案选d。39b考查副词辨析及语境理解。a. unwillingly 不情愿地；b. safely 安全地；c. slowly 缓慢地；d. regretfully 遗憾地。joe受伤了，由情理可知如果simon不顾及joe，他会安然返回，而且后文提到simon决定冒险，故答案选b。40d考查名词辨析及语境理解。a. fortune 财富； b. time时间； c. health 健康；d. life 生活，生命。在困难的 情况下simon 带上受伤的同伴是在冒着生命的危险，答案选d。41c考查动词辨析及语境理解。a. lay躺，位于； b. settled解决； c. went 去；d. looked看。从上文内容可知他们是在下山，所以选c。 42d考查名词辨析及语境理解。a. damage损坏；b. storm 暴风雨；c. change改变；d. trouble 麻烦。根据前面内容可知joe受伤就是一个麻烦事了，所以天气的恶劣对他们来说是另一个麻烦，选d。43a考查短语辨析及语境理解。 a. by mistake 错误地 b. by chance偶然地c. d. 由于恶劣的天气他们看不清楚也听不清楚，因而simon错误地把joe用绳子放到了悬崖边，答案选a。44d考查形容词辨析及语境理解。 a. unnecessary没必要； b. practical 实际的 c. important 重要的；d. impossible不可能。 因为joe受了伤，而又是在悬崖边，所以对于joe来说爬上来是不可能的，simon也是不可能下去救他，选d。45b考查名词辨析及语境理解。 a. height高度； b. weight 重量； c. strength 力气；d. equipment 设备。从故事内容可知simon 是在用绳子把joe往山下送，所以能影响到simonj的是joe的重量，选b。46a考查副词辨析及语境理解。a. finally最终，最后； b. patiently耐心地； c surely 当然；d quickly快地。 根据语境判断simon坚持到最后，不忍心放弃他的同伴，答案选a。47c考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。.a stand back 往后站；b take a rest 休息； c make a decision 做出决定；d hold on 坚持。根据下文内容可知他终于做出了放弃朋友的决定。48b. 考查动词辨析及语境理解。a jumped跳； b. fell 摔倒，掉下；c escaped 逃脱；d backed 支持。空前提到他割掉绳子，所有joe是摔了下去。49a. 考查动词辨析及语境理解。a. managed管理； b. planned 计划；c. waited 等待；d. hoped 希望。从下文可知joe成功的爬回营地，活了下来。50c考查动词辨析及语境理解。 a. run跑，经营；b. skate 滑冰；c. move移动；d. march 行军。因为joe受伤了，所以是慢慢移动着。51b考查介词辨析及语境理解。a. around 周围；b. away 远离；c. above 在上面；d. along 沿着。此处指距离所以用away。52d考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。a. headed for 朝某地进发；b .traveled to 旅行去某地；c. left for 动身去某地；d. returned to 回到。最后可知他回到营地了，选d。53a考查形容词辨析及语境理解。a. dead 死的；b .hurt 受伤的；c. weak虚弱的；d. late 迟的。在那种情况下他以为joe会死掉，选a。54c考查副词辨析及语境理解。 a. secretly 秘密地；b. tiredly疲倦地；c. immediately立即；d. anxiously 焦虑地。根据后文可知他又在那里呆了几天，所有没立即回。55.b考查动词辨析及语境理解。a. find 发现；b. believe 相信；c. make 使，制作；d. accept接受。从上文可知他没想到joe会活着爬回来，所有不相信。考点：考查故事类短文阅读。第三部分 阅读理解（共20 小题，每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a, b, c和d)中，选出最佳选项.并在答且卡上将该项涂黑。a.arriving in sydneyonhisownfromindia, my husband ,rashid, stayedina hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. during the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. he came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. he was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. he reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. late in the evening, the phone rang. it was a stranger. he was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions. then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. my husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. at last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.that family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.we still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.56what did rashid plan to do after his arrival in sydney?a.go shoppingb.find a housec.join his familyd.take his family57the girls parents got rashids phone number from_.a.a friend of his familyb.a sydney policemanc.a letter in his papes d.a stranger in sydney58what does the underlined word“restored”in the last paragraph mean?a.showedb.sent outc.deliveredd.gave back59which of the following can be the best title for the text?a.from india to australia.b.living in a a new country.c.turning trash to treasure.d.in search of new friends.【答案】 56b 57c 58d 59c【解析】试题分析: 本文属于记叙文题材。在文中作者讲述了她们一家经历的一件事情。作者的丈夫不慎丢失了文件包，正当着急的时候，有人打电话给送了回来，原来是那家人发现他们家的小孩在垃圾桶旁边发现了这些文件，然后给送还了回来，通过这件事作者一家又找回了对人们的信任。56b 考查细节理解。根据文章首段rashid, stayedina hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house可知rashid独自一人到了悉尼后住在旅馆中，同时到处去给家人找房子住，故答案选b。57c 考查细节理解。 根据文章倒数第二段at last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.可知陌生人一家是通过作者丈夫文件中的一封信里的内容得知他的电话号码的，故答案选c。58d 考查猜测词义。根据文章倒数第二段my husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.可知那家人把捡到的文件替作者的丈夫保存着，然后送还给他，由此判断该词意思是“归还”，故答案选b。59c 考查文章标题。文章讲述了作者的丈夫丢失的物品被扔到了垃圾箱，但是有一个好心的家庭却把那些文件等规整好送还给作者的丈夫，这些别人眼里的垃圾对作者的丈夫来说非常重要，由此判断c选项内容更能体现文章中心，故答案选c。考点：考查故事类短文阅读。b.since the first earth day in 1970,american have gotten a lot “greenter” toward the environment . “we didnt know at that time there even was an environment,let alone that there was a problem with it,”says bruce anderson,president of earth day usa. but what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .business people,political leaders, university professors,and especially millions of grass-roots americans are taking part in the movement. “the understanding has increased many ,many times,”says gaylord nelson,the fromer govermor from wisconsin,who thought up the first according to us government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .the number of cities producing co beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .a kind of “green thinking ” has become part of practices .great improvement has been achieved .in 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution . twenty five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .today , its hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say bruce anderson .60according to anderson , before 1970, americans had little idea about _a. the social movement b. recycling techniquesc. environmental problemsd. the importance of earth day 61where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?a. the grass roots level b. the business circle c. government officialsd. university professors 62what have americans achieved in environmental protection ?a. they have cut car emissions to the lowest b. they have settled their environmental problems c. they have lowered their co levels in forty cities.d. they have reduced pollution through effective measures .63what is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?a. education b. planning c. green living d. co reduction 【答案】60c 61a 62d 63a【解析】试题分析: 本文属于记叙文题材。在文章中作者介绍了自从1970年第一个地球日成立以来，美国的环境问题有了很大的改善。以前在公共事物中无足轻重的环境问题现在成立一项社会问题，从科学家到大学教授到贫民百姓都有了环保意识。而且作者指出教育在这种变化方面也起着非常重要的作用。60c 考查细节理解。根据文章首段anderson说的话“we didnt know at that time there even was an environment,let alone that there was a problem with it,可知当时人们不知道环境这个概念，更别说环境问题了，由此可知答案选c。61a 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段.business people,political leaders,university professors,and especially millions of grass-roots可知商人，政界领导，大学教授，尤其是平民百姓们都参与到了保护环境的运动中来，由此判断保护环境的支持主要来自草根阶层，故答案选a。62d 考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段内容in 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .可知回收工作的改进，先进产品或者住房设计的研制开发等其结果都是有效减少了污染，改善了环境,故答案选d。63a考查主旨要义。文章末段提到目前几乎每所学校都有关于环境保护的课程，而且通过最后bruce anderson说的话“until we do that , nothing else will change! ”可知教育在改变人们保护环境意思，改善环境问题方面至关重要，故答案选a。考点：考查社会生活类短文阅读。c.one of the latest trend（趋势） in american childcare is chinese au pairs. au pair in stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. and thats true all across the country. “i thought it would be useful for him to learn chinese at an early age” joseph stocke, the managing director of the company, says of his 2-year old son. “i would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future,” after only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from china, the boy can already understand basic chinese daily expressions, his dad says. li drake, a chinese native raising two children in minnesota with an american husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from china. she didnt want her children to miss out on their roots.” because i am chinese, my husband and i wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture.” she says. “staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says suzanne flynn, a professor in language education of children.”but parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.” the popularity of pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of american parents who want the