三本英语词源字典那本更适合初学者.doc

三本英语词源字典那本更适合初学者？(2011-10-16 13:23:10)利用词源记忆单词过程中，查词源字典是必须要做的工作，对于入门来讲，选择一本好的词典也是至关重要的，第一本字典选择不好有可能会打消词源记忆的积极性。在这里，我选择了三本词源字典做一下简单的比较，以方便大家区分使用。第一本Kleins comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language该词典涵盖词汇量非常大，基本上我们能遇到的单词这里都有所讲解，但是相对来讲其专业性较强。涵盖语种比较多，而且希腊单词保留原来的希腊字母，没有改写成拉丁字母，不熟悉希腊字母的同学可能辨认起来很费力，举例如下：See tr. And intr. V., to perceive with the eyes. ME.seen, sen, fr, OE. seon，rel. to OS., OHG. sehan, MHG., G. sehen, OFris. sia, MDu. Sien, Du. zien, ON. sja,Norw. sjaa, Dan., Swed. se, Goth. saihan, and prob. Cogn. With Hitt. Sakwa-,eye; fr. Teut. Base *sehw-, corresponding to I.-E. base *seqw-, to see, which is etymologically identical with *seq w- in the sense to point out, to say. See say, v., and cp. Seem, sight.第二个常用的就是在线词源字典 /index.php这本字典相对于kelins字典来讲，就简单易读，有其特有的专有词缩写，但是基本的思路比较清晰，学习起来比较方便，词之间的来龙去脉基本用句子连接贯穿起来了，但是对于初学者来讲也许不能清楚的理解其意义的发展与扩展。该词典的涵盖词汇量也很大。See O.E. seon (contracted class V strong verb; past tense seah, pp. sewen), from P.Gmc. *sekhwanan (cf. O.S., O.H.G. sehan, M.H.G., Ger. sehen, O.Fris. sia, M.Du. sien, O.N. sja, Goth. saihwan), from PIE base *sekw- to see, which is probably the same base that produced words for say in Greek and Latin, and also words for follow (cf. L. sequor), but opinions differ in regard to the semantic starting-point and sequences Buck. Thus see could originally mean follow with the eyes. Used in M.E. to mean behold in the imagination or in a dream (c.1200), to recognize the force of (a demonstration), also c.1200, often with ref. to metaphorical light or eyes OED, and to learn by reading (early 15c.). Past tense saw developed from O.E. pl. sawon.第三本，也是我着重向初学者推荐的就是Word Origins -The secret histories of English words from A to Z.该字典的涵盖词汇量比较少，但是简单易懂，每个词的介绍都是一片小的段落，逻辑性较强，词义发展解读的跳跃性不大，能比较清晰地了解每个词的词义以及变体怎么发展的，对初步建立词源发展的思路有较好的帮助。See English has two words see. The older is the verb, perceive visually OE. Like its Germanic cousins, German sehen, Dutch zien, and Swedish and Danish se, it goes back to a prehistoric *sekhwan, which was descended from an Indo-European base *seq-. This may have been the same *seq- that produced Latin sequ follow (source of English sequence, sue, etc), in which case see would denote etymologically follow with the eyes. See diocese originally signified bishops throne. It came via Anglo-Norman se from Vulgar Latin *sedem seat, descendant of classical Latin sdem, the accusative case of sdes seat. This in turn went back to the Indo- European base *sed- sit, which also produced English sit.SIGHT; SEAT, SIT 综