M6柯林斯词典U5.doc

M6 U5Collins Senior English-Chinese Dictionary柯林斯高级英汉双解词典M6 U51. diagram /dagrm/ ( diagrams )N-COUNT A diagram is a simple drawing which consists mainly of lines and is used, for example, to explain how a machine works. 示意图例：.a circuit diagram.电路图。2. volcano /vlkeno / ( volcanoes )N-COUNT A volcano is a mountain from which hot melted rock, gas, steam, and ash from inside the earth sometimes burst. 火山例：The volcano erupted last year killing about 600 people.去年那座火山喷发导致大约六百人丧生。3. volcanic /vlknk/ADJ Volcanic means coming from or created by volcanoes. 火山的例：Over 200 people have been killed by volcanic eruptions.已有两百多人死于火山喷发。4. volcanology ,vlknldn. 地质 火山学例：In this paper, advances in volcanology are reviewed from the following aspects: volcanic geology and dynamics, statistical study, volcanic hazard and volcanic impact on global climate.从火山学和火山动力学、统计研究、火山灾害以及火山活动对全球气候变化的影响回顾了近年火山学研究的主要进展。5. volcanologist ,vlknldistn. 火山学家例：The fineness of the ash in this case is unusual, says Thorvaldur Thordarson, an Icelandic volcanologist.冰岛的火山学家托瓦杜托达森表示，这次岛山冰川产生的火山灰的细腻程度是十分不寻常的。例：The region may be primed for future eruptions, the lead author, John Pallister, a volcanologist at the US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory, in Vancouver, Washington, told Nature.“该地区未来可能发生火山爆发，”论文的第一作者、美国地质调查局Cascades火山观测站的火山学家John Pallister告诉自然杂志。6. erupt /rpt/ ( erupts, erupting, erupted，to erupt )1. V-I When a volcano erupts, it throws out a lot of hot, melted rock called lava, as well as ash and steam. 喷发例：The volcano erupted in 1980, devastating a large area of Washington state.这座火山1980年喷发，摧毁了华盛顿州的大片地区。eruption N-VAR喷发例：.the volcanic eruption of Tambora in 1815.1815年坦布拉火山的喷发。2. V-I If violence or fighting erupts, it suddenly begins or gets worse in an unexpected, violent way. 爆发JOURNALISM例：Heavy fighting erupted there today after a two-day cease-fire.激烈的战斗在两天的停火之后今天在那里爆发了。eruption N-COUNT爆发例：.this sudden eruption of violence.这起暴力事件的突然爆发。3. V-I When people in a place suddenly become angry or violent, you can say that they erupt or that the place erupts. 爆发骚乱JOURNALISM例：In Los Angeles, the neighborhood known as Watts erupted into riots.在洛杉矶，一个叫做沃茨的街区爆发了骚乱。4. V-I You say that someone erupts when they suddenly have a change in mood, usually becoming quite noisy. 爆发 (某种情绪)例：Then, without warning, she erupts into laughter.然后，突如其来地，她爆发出笑声。eruption N-COUNT(某种情绪的) 爆发例：.an eruption of despair.一阵突然的绝望。7. eruption N-COUNT爆发；(某种情绪的) 爆发；N-VAR喷发；8. ash / ( ashes )1. N-UNCOUNT Ash is the gray or black powdery substance that is left after something is burned. You can also refer to this substance as ashes. 灰 also N in pl例：A cloud of volcanic ash is spreading across wide areas of the Philippines.一大片火山灰正在扩散到菲律宾的大片区域。例：He brushed the cigarette ash from his sleeve.他掸掉了袖子上的烟灰。2. N-PLURAL A dead persons ashes are their remains after their body has been cremated. 骨灰例：And she asks him to go back there after her death and scatter her ashes on the lake.她还要求他在她死后回到那里并把她的骨灰撒在那个湖上。9. crater /kretr/ ( craters )N-COUNT A crater is a very large hole in the ground, which has been caused by something hitting it or by an explosion. (撞击或爆炸形成的) 大坑例：The explosion, believed to be a car bomb, left a ten-foot crater in the street.这次爆炸，据说是一个汽车炸弹引起的，在街道上留下了一个10英尺的大坑。10. lava /lv, lv/ ( lavas )N-MASS Lava is the very hot liquid rock that comes out of a volcano. 熔岩例：Mexicos Mount Colima began spewing lava and ash last night.墨西哥科利马山昨晚开始喷发熔岩和火山灰。11. hurricane /hrken, hr-/ ( hurricanes )N-COUNT A hurricane is an extremely violent storm that begins over ocean water. 飓风例：If an earthquake, hurricane, winter storm, or other disaster strikes your community, you might not have access to food , water, and electricity for days or even weeks.如果有地震、飓风、暴风雪或其他的灾害突袭你的家园，你可能会好几天甚至好几个星期都得不到食物、水和电。12. questionnaire /kwstnr/ ( questionnaires )N-COUNT A questionnaire is a written list of questions which are answered by a lot of people in order to provide information for a report or a survey. 调查问卷例：Teachers will be asked to fill in a questionnaire.教师们将被要求填写一份调查问卷。13. alongside /lsad/1. PREP If one thing is alongside another thing, the first thing is next to the second. 在旁边例：He crossed the street and walked alongside Central Park.他过了马路，然后在中央公园旁边走着。ADV Alongside is also an adverb. 在旁边 ADV after v例：He waited several minutes for a car to pull up alongside.他等了几分钟等一辆车停靠在旁边。2. PREP If you work alongside other people, you all work together in the same place. 与并肩 (工作)例：He had worked alongside Frank and Mark and they had become friends.他曾与弗兰克和马克并肩工作过，他们已经成为朋友了。14. equipment /kwpmnt/N-UNCOUNT Equipment consists of the things that are used for a particular purpose, such as a hobby or job. 设备; 装备例：.computers, electronic equipment and machine tools.电脑、电子设备和机床。15. appoint /pnt/ ( appoints, appointing, appointed，to appoint )1. V-T If you appoint someone to a job or official position, you formally choose them for it. 任命例：It made sense to appoint a banker to this job.任命一位银行家做这项工作是合理的。例：The president has appointed a civilian as defense secretary.总统任命了一位平民做国防部长。appointed /pntd/ADJ If something happens at the appointed time, it happens at the time that was decided in advance. 指定的FORMAL例：The appointed hour of the ceremony was drawing nearer.该仪式的指定时间正在临近。16. observatory /bzrvtri/ ( observatories )N-COUNT An observatory is a building with a large telescope from which scientists study things such as the planets by watching them. 天文台例：Surveys churn out terabytes of data to be crunched by armies of postdocs and students who might never have visited a mountain-top observatory.调查和分析数以亿兆的数据，由一批批的可能没有去过山顶上的天文台的研究人员和学生来处理。17. database /detbes, dt-/ also data base ( databases )N-COUNT A database is a collection of data that is stored in a computer and that can easily be used and added to. 数据库例：The state maintains a database of names of people allowed to vote.该州有一个可以投票的人的姓名数据库。18. Mount Kilauea基拉韦厄火山例：Welcome to Mount Kilauea, the worlds most active volcano. It is on the island of Hawaii.欢迎你来到基拉韦厄火山，这是世界上最活跃的火山，它位于夏威夷岛。例：Welcome to Mount Kilauea, the worlds most active volcano. It is on the island of Hawaii. Kilauea is not far from Mauna Loa, the largest volcano in the world.欢迎来到世界上最为活跃的基拉韦厄火山，它地处夏威夷岛，与世界上最大的莫纳罗亚火山隔山相望。19. evaluate vljet 过去式evaluated 过去分词evaluated 现在分词evaluating vt. 评价；估价；求的值vi. 评价；估价例：Dont evaluate people by their clothes. (此处可用Judge not from overall appearance.)不要根据衣着来评价人。例：How would your colleagues evaluate you?你的同事会如何评价你呢？20. burn to the ground全部焚毁例：Kratos: They built this temple to offer prayers to Athena! This entire village stands as an affront to lord Ares! Burn this village, burn it to the ground!奎托斯：他们建造这座神庙是为了向雅典娜祈祷！这座村庄的存在就是一种对于阿瑞斯的侮辱！烧毁这村庄，把它夷为平地！21. wave /wev/ ( waves, waving, waved, to wave )1. V-T/V-I If you wave or wave your hand, you move your hand from side to side in the air, usually in order to say hello or goodbye to someone. 挥 (手以示意)例：Jessica caught sight of Lois and waved to her.杰茜卡看到洛伊丝，向她挥了挥手。例：He grinned, waved, and said, Hi!他咧嘴笑笑，挥挥手，说道：“嗨！”N-COUNT Wave is also a noun. 挥 (手)例：Steve stopped him with a wave of the hand.史蒂夫把手一挥，制止了他。2. V-T If you wave someone away or wave them on, you make a movement with your hand to indicate that they should move in a particular direction. 挥手 (示意某人离开、前进等)例：Leshka waved him away with a show of irritation.廖什卡生气地挥手示意他离开。例：He waited for a policeman to stop the traffic and wave the people on.他等着一位警察来让车辆停下，挥手让众人前行。3. V-T If you wave something, you hold it up and move it rapidly from side to side. 挥舞例：Hospital staff were outside to welcome him, waving flags and applauding.医院工作人员在院外迎接他，一边挥舞旗帜一边鼓掌。4. V-I If something waves, it moves gently from side to side or up and down. 飘扬; 摆动例：.grass and flowers waving in the wind.随风摆动的花草。5. N-COUNT A wave is a raised mass of water on the surface of water, especially the sea, which is caused by the wind or by tides making the surface of the water rise and fall. 波浪; (尤指) 海浪例：.the sound of the waves breaking on the shore.波浪拍打海岸的声响。6. N-COUNT If someones hair has waves, it curves slightly instead of being straight. (头发的) 波浪卷; 鬈曲例：Her blue eyes shone and caught the light, and so did the platinum waves in her hair.她蓝色的眼睛闪闪发光，白金色的波浪发卷也闪闪发光。7. N-COUNT A wave is a sudden increase in heat or energy that spreads out from an earthquake or explosion. (地震、爆炸的) 冲击波例：The shock waves of the earthquake were felt in Teheran.在德黑兰感觉到了地震的震波。8. N-COUNT Waves are the form in which things such as sound, light, and radio signals travel. (光、声、无线电等的) 波例：Regular repeating actions such as sound waves, light waves, or radio waves have a certain frequency, or number of waves per second.有规律的重复活动如声波、光波、无线电波都有一个特定的频率，或者说是每秒的波动次数。9. N-COUNT If you refer to a wave of a particular feeling, you mean that it increases quickly and becomes very intense, and then often decreases again. (情绪的) 波动例：She felt a wave of panic, but forced herself to leave the room calmly.她感到一阵惊慌，但是强迫自己镇静地离开了房间。new wave ( new waves )N-COUNTIn the arts or in politics, a new wave is a group or movement that deliberately introduces new or unconventional ideas instead of using traditional ones. 新浪潮例：.the new wave of satirical comedy.讽刺喜剧的新浪潮。tidal wave ( tidal waves )N-COUNT A tidal wave is a very large wave, often caused by an earthquake, that flows onto the land and destroys things. (常指地震引起的) 潮波例：.a massive tidal wave swept the ship up and away.一股巨大的潮波把那只船掀起来，卷走了。22. molten /moltn/ADJ Molten rock, metal, or glass has been heated to a very high temperature and has become a hot, thick liquid. 熔化的例：The molten metal is poured into the mold.这块熔化了的金属被倒入模子。23. fountain /fantn/ ( fountains )1. N-COUNT A fountain is an ornamental feature in a pool or lake which consists of a long narrow stream of water that is forced up into the air by a pump. 喷泉例：.the fountains on the 16th Street Mall.第16街商业区的喷泉。2. N-COUNT A fountain of a liquid is an amount of it which is sent up into the air and falls back. 喷射LITERARY例：The volcano spewed a fountain of molten rock 650 feet in the air.这座火山喷射出的熔岩高达650英尺。24. absolute /bslut/ ( absolutes )1. ADJ Absolute means total and complete. 完全的例：Its not really suited to absolute beginners.这对于纯粹的初学者们不太适合。2. ADJ You use absolute to emphasize something that you are saying. 绝对的 ADJ n例：About 12 inches wide is the absolute minimum you should consider.12英寸左右的宽度是你应该考虑的绝对最小尺寸。3. ADJ An absolute ruler has complete power and authority over his or her country. 独裁的 ADJ n例：He ruled with absolute power.他实行独裁统治。4. ADJ Absolute is used to say that something is definite and will not change even if circumstances change. 确凿的例：John brought the absolute proof that we needed.约翰拿出了我们需要的确凿证据。5. ADJ An amount that is expressed in absolute terms is expressed as a fixed amount rather than referring to variable factors such as what you earn or the effects of inflation. 绝对的 ADJ n例：In absolute terms their wages remain low by national standards.他们工资的绝对值根据国家标准仍然是低的。6. ADJ Absolute rules and principles are believed to be true, right, or relevant in all situations. 绝对的例：There are no absolute rules.没有绝对的准则。25. absolutely /bslutli/1. ADV Absolutely means totally and completely. 绝对地例：Joan is absolutely right.琼绝对正确。例：I absolutely refuse to get married.我绝对拒绝结婚。2. ADV Some people say absolutely as an emphatic way of saying yes or of agreeing with someone. They say absolutely not as an emphatic way of saying no or of disagreeing with someone. 绝对地 ADV as reply例：Its worrying that theyre doing things without training though, isnt it?Absolutely.“可是他们未经培训就干，这真让人担忧，是不是？”“绝对是。”26. spaceman spesmn 复数spacemen n. 宇航员，太空飞行员；太空人例：The spaceman will drive his moon car around to study the moon .宇航员将开着月球车到处考察月球。例：Yang Liwei, Chinas first spaceman, confirmed this weekend that the country planned to set up its first orbital space station by around 2020, according to the Peoples Daily website.中国首位航天员杨利伟本周末在人民网上证实了中国计划在2020年左右建立其首个轨道空间站。例：The spaceman flew through the galaxy at the speed of light.太空人以光速穿越银河系。27. suit /sut/ ( suits, suiting, suited, to suit )1. N-COUNT A mans suit consists of a jacket, pants, and sometimes a vest, all made from the same fabric. (男) 套装例：.a dark pin-striped business suit.一套黑色细条纹男职业装。2. N-COUNT A womans suit consists of a jacket and skirt, or sometimes pants, made from the same fabric. (女) 套装例：I was wearing my tweed suit.我那时穿着我的花呢套装。3. N-COUNT A particular type of suit is a piece of clothing that you wear for a particular activity. (特定活动时穿的) 服装例：The six survivors only lived through their ordeal because of the special rubber suits they were wearing.6位幸存者因穿着特殊橡胶服度过了大难。4. V-T If something suits you, it is convenient for you or is the best thing for you in the circumstances. (某事物) 适合 (某人) no cont例：They will only release information if it suits them.他们只会发布合他们意的消息。5. V-T If something suits you, you like it. (某事物) 合 (某人) 心意 no cont例：I dont think a sedentary life would altogether suit me.我认为久坐不动的生活方式完全不适合我。6. V-T If a piece of clothing or a particular style or color suits you, it makes you look attractive. (衣服、款式、颜色等) 适合 (某人) no cont例：Green suits you.绿色适合你。7. V-T If you suit yourself, you do something just because you want to do it, without bothering to consider other people. 按照自己的意愿例：People have tended to suit themselves, not paying much heed to the reformers.人们已趋向于按自己的意愿行事，不太在意改革者们。8. N-COUNT In a court of law, a suit is a case in which someone tries to get a legal decision against a person or company, often so that the person or company will have to pay them money for having done something wrong to them. 诉讼案例：Up to 2,000 former employees have filed personal injury suits against the company.多达2千名前雇员已对该公司提起了个人伤害诉讼。N-UNCOUNT You can also say that someone files or brings suit against another person. 诉讼例：One insurance company has already filed suit against the city of Chicago.一家保险公司已对芝加哥市提起诉讼。9. See Also: pantsuit pntsut n. 长裤与衣相配成套的便服；裤套装10. PHRASE If people follow suit, they do the same thing that someone else has just done. 跟着做例：Efforts to persuade the remainder to follow suit have continued.说服其余的人也跟着做的努力在继续。You do not use the verb suit if clothes are simply not the right size for you. The verb you need is fit. The size 12 gown is gorgeous and fits perfectly. The gloves didnt fit. You can say that something suits a person or place if it looks attractive on that person or in that place. It is really feminine and pretty and it certainly suits you. However, you cannot usually say that one color, pattern, or object suits another. The verb you need is match. She wears a straw hat with a yellow ribbon to match her yellow cotton dress. His clothes dont quite match.28. helmet /hlmt/ ( helmets )N-COUNT A helmet is a hat made of a strong material which you wear to protect your head. 头盔29. boot /but/ ( boots, booting, booted, to boot )1. N-COUNT Boots are shoes that cover your whole foot and the lower part of your leg. 靴子例：He sat in a kitchen chair, reached down and pulled off his boots.他坐在厨房的椅子上，弯腰脱掉了靴子。2. N-COUNT Boots are strong, heavy shoes that cover your ankle and that have thick soles. You wear them to protect your feet, for example, when you are walking or taking part in sports. (步行或运动时穿的) 厚底靴例：The soldiers boots resounded in the street.士兵们的厚底靴在街道上发出回响。3. V-T/V-I If a computer boots or you boot it, it is made ready to use by putting in the instructions it needs in order to start working. 启动COMPUTING例：The computer wont boot.计算机无法启动。例：Put the CD into the drive and boot the machine.把光盘放进驱动器，然后启动机器。PHRASAL VERB Boot up means the same as boot. 启动例：Go over to your PC and boot it up.到你的个人电脑那儿，启动它。5. N-COUNT The boot of a car is the same as the trunk. 后备箱6. PHRASE If you get the boot or are given the boot, you are told that you are not wanted anymore, either in your job or by someone you are having a relationship with. 被解雇; 被抛弃INFORMAL例：She was a disruptive influence, and after a year or two she got the boot.她是个捣乱分子，一两年后就被解雇了。30. make ones wayPHRASE When you make your way somewhere, you walk or travel there. 前往例：He made his way to the marketplace.他去了市场。makes way forPHRASE If one person or thing makes way for another, the first is replaced by the second. 让位例：He said he was prepared to make way for younger people in the party.他说他准备让位于党内的年轻人。31. potential /ptnl/1. ADJ You use potential to say that someone or something is capable of developing into the particular kind of person or thing mentioned. 潜在的 ADJ n例：The company has identified 60 potential customers.该公司已确定了60位潜在的客户。例：We are aware of the potential problems and have taken every precaution.我们意识到了潜在的问题，已经采取了一切防范措施。potentially ADV潜在地 ADV with cl/group例：Clearly this is a potentially dangerous situation.显然这是一种具有潜在危险的局势。2. N-UNCOUNT If you say that someone or something has potential, you mean that they have the necessary abilities or qualities to become successful or useful in the future. 潜力; 潜质例：The boy has great potential.这个男孩有很大的潜力。例：The school strives to treat students as individuals and to help each one to achieve their full potential.学校力图因材施教，并帮助每位学生发挥他们的全部潜能。3. N-UNCOUNT If you say that someone or something has potential for doing a particular thing, you mean that it is possible they may do it. If there is the potential for something, it may happen. 潜在性例：John seemed as horrified as I about his p