陕西省咸阳市高考英语阅读理解（24）.doc

陕西省咸阳市2014高考英语阅读理解（24）及答案【2014高考英语湖北省汉阳市联考试题】c400-year-old plants from the little ice age were brought back to life, which could help us understand how the earth will deal with climate change.moss(藓类植物) found buried beneath the teardrop glacier(冰川) on ellesmere island in canada has been brought back to life. findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps. plants that were buried beneath thick ice in canada more than 400 years ago and were thought to have frozen to death have been brought back to life by canadian scientists.samples of the moss plant, covered by the glacier during the little ice age of 1550 to 1850 ad, were replanted in a lab at the university of alberta and grew new stems(茎). researchers now think these findings can give indication as to how regions can recover as the ice covering them melts.biologist dr. catherine la farge and her team at the university of alberta were exploring the region around the teardrop glacier on ellesmere island. ice on ellesmere island region has been melting at around four meters each year for the past nine years. this means that many areas of land that were previously covered by ice have since been exposed. many ecosystems that were thought to have been destroyed during the little ice age between 1550 and 1850 ad can now be studied, including many species that have never been studied before.while examining an exposed area of land, la farge and her team discovered a small area of moss called aulacomnium turgidum. it is a type of bryophyte(苔藓类植物) plant that mainly grows across canada, the us and the highlands of scotland.dr la farge noticed that the moss had small patches of green stems, suggesting it is either growing again or can be encouraged to repopulate. dr la farge told the bbc, “when we looked at the samples in detail and brought them to the lab, i could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches, suggesting that these plants are growing again, and that blew my mind. when we think of thick areas of ice covering the landscape, weve always thought that plants have to come from refugia(濒绝生物保护区), never considering that land plants come from underneath a glacier. its a whole world of whats coming out from underneath the glacier that really needs to be studied. the ice is disappearing pretty fast. we really have not examined all the biological systems that exist in the world; we dont know it all.”dr la farge took samples of the moss and, using carbon-dating techniques, discovered that the plants date back to the little ice age. dr la farges team took the samples, planted them in dishes full of nutrient-rich potting soil and fed them with water.the samples were from four separate species including aulacomnium turgidum, distichium capillaceum, encalypta procera and syntrichia ruralis. the moss plants found by dr la farge are types of bryophytes. bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.however, dr la farge was surprised that the plants buried under ice have survived into the twenty-first century. her findings appear in proceedings（论文集）of the national academy of sciences.59. dr la farges research is of great importance to _.a. knowing what the plants during the little ice age were likeb. understanding how ecosystems recover from glaciers.c. regrowing many species that have been destroyed before.d. figuring out the effects of melting ice caps on moss.60. the underlined part “blew my mind” in paragraph 6 can best be replaced by “_”.a. surprised me b. greatly frightened me c. put my doubt out of my mind d. was exactly what i had in my mind61. according to the passage, aulacomnium turgidum _.a. lives better in small groups b. is very active in hot weatherc. is strong enough to survive coldness d. is chosen from canadian refugia62. which of the following would be the best title for the passage?a. bryophyte ecology is greatly affected by climate change.b. 400-year-old mosss survival is a mystery to solve.c. moss in ancient times was discovered in canada.d. 400-year-old plants were brought back to life.【参考答案】59、 61-62 passage seventeen (a strong stock market) the increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the publicactually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignifiedbut rather an attempt by the federal reserve board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market. naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon prices but if the frb had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might have been to the 80% or even 90% level. such an increases in the margin rate is a confirmation of a strong stock market and since 19,such increases have resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later. obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guidelineand if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same coursecontinued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism. the margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous yearand the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part. in past investment letters we have voiced the thought that speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point. we continue to believe that this could be the case. for example, steel stocks tend to sell at certain fixed price/earnings ratios. below a certain ratio they are considered good valueabove a certain ratio, overpriced. if a company produces a unique product it is far more difficult for market analysis to place a numerical ratio upon the companys earnings. we have also contended in the past letters that the stock market reflects mass psychology as well as the business outlook. when investorsboth the public and the institutionsare nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buy stocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields. these same investorswhen they are in an optimistic frame of mindbecome for less preoccupied with yields and more wiling to pay a premium(high p/e multiples) for accelerated growth. if the publics attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then this period seems to have been one of optimism.1. the title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is a. a time to sell stock. . a strong stock marketc. raising the margin rate c. price/earnings ratio in steel2. when investors are pessimistic what do they do?a. they look to the frb for help. . they buy steelc. they buy automobile stocks. d. they look for high yields.3. why does the writer believe that speciality stocks could outperform the general market?a. because analysis have difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio. because the activity had been limited to blue chips.c. because the rise was conservative.d. because of the frb action.4. when investors are optimistic, what do they do?a. they look for accelerated growth. . they buy speciality stocks.c. they look for high yields. c. they are more prudent.vocabulary1. margin rate 保证金率，边际比率2. rampant 无约束力，猖獗的，蔓延的3. stem 遏制4. stem from 滋长，源自5. underpin 加强基础，支持6. underpinning 支持物，基础（建筑物下的）7. preoccupy 先占，使专心于，吸引住8. undue 过分的，非法的，不适当的9. interim 间歇；暂时的，间歇的10. guideline 方针，指导路线11. underscore 在下面划线，强调12. point up 加强，强调13. bluechip 兰筹股票14. blue-chip 兰筹的15. outperform 在使用上胜过16. overprice 将标价过高17. numerical ratio 数率，数字比率18. earnings 收益，利润，收入19. contend 竞争，坚决主张，争论20. premium 佣金，酬金难句译注1. the increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the publicactually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignifiedbut rather an attempt by the federal reserve board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market.结构简析 是notbut句型，两个破折号中间是插入成分；中插入一个带with+n+participle 短语参考译文 保证金率从50%增长到70%，并不是想要遏制群众方面猖獗的投机，而是联邦储备委员会想要保持现存于股市强劲基础事实上股市由于群众非常庄严的参与在技术上看起来相当强劲。2. obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guidelineand if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same coursecontinued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism.结构简析 复合句。中间有插入语if clause, 进一步说明条件。参考译文 显然，不可能保证这种情况再次出现（情况再是这样）。可是，如果历史具有指导方针的话如果商业和公司的利润仍然保持在同样轨道上那么对股市前景乐观似乎要比悲观更精确些。3. the margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous yearand the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part.结构简析 这句句子内有四个that clause：第一个that是good rise的定语从句。第二个和第三个that都是the fact that句型。但第二个the fact that中，as long as it was, 指头一年，pointed up是谓语。第四个是in that连词，义：因为。写作方法与文章大意 文章论述“强劲证券市场”的种种情况。首先是联邦储备委员会为保持强股市基础要求保证金率增长。这种增长过去，现在，将来都能巩固强市。其次由于绝大部分集中在兰筹股上，使股市看好上升趋于保守，引出行业股比普通股吃香。最后是投资者心情和股市强弱有关。答案祥解1. b. 强劲证券市场（强市）。见难句译注1和第一段第三句：“那种保证金率的增长有力的巩固了强劲证券市场。从19年起，这种增长导致一年来股市屡创新高。a. 买出股票的时候。 c. 提高保证金率。 d. 钢的市盈率。这三项都不对，它们只是文中涉及的方面。2. d. 他寻找高业绩（即公司的产量或投资收益）。见文章倒数第三句：“当投资者公众和团体机构紧张而又悲观时，他们肯定在买进股票上举棋不定；他们寻求低价格/利润倍数和高额利润。a. 他们寻求联邦储备委员会的帮助。 b. 他们买进钢材。 c. 他们买进汽车股票。3. a. 因为在决定定价/利润比上难以分析。见第二段第二句：“在过去的投资保证上我们一直表达了这样的思想：行业股票在使用上可能超过普通股。我们依然相信情况可能就是这样。举例说：钢股往往在一定价格/利润比上抛出。低于一定比率，可认为股是好价值，而高于一定比率就是超价。如果一个公司就生产独一无二的产品，那市场分析就很难对公司所得定出数比。“b. 因为股市活动受兰筹股所限。 c. 因为行情上升保守。这两项见难句译注3。 d. 由于联邦储备基金会的行动。4. a. 他们寻求加速的增长。见文章倒数第二句：“同样是这些股民，当投资者（对股市前景）持乐观态度时，他们不太关注（公司的）业绩（产值）而愿意以高价来购买具有高成长性的股票。”阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。【2013届广东省六校第二次联考】-amark and his brother jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. jason was determined not to go against their fathers wishes but mark was more adventurous than his brother. he loves experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.“dad will be really mad if he finds out youve been playing with his new computer” jason said, “he told us not to touch it.”“he wont find out,” mark said, “ill just have a quick look and shut it down.”mark had been scolded before for touching his fathers equipment. but his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.it was a strange-looking machine one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. “its an experimental model,” his father had explained, so dont touch it under any circumstances.” but his fathers warning only served to make mark more curious. without any further thought, mark turned on the power switch. the computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colours, shifting and changing, and then two big white words appeared in the centre of the screen: “space transporter.” “yes!” mark cried excitedly, “its a computer game. i knew it! dads only been pretending to work. hes really been playing games instead!” a new message appeared on the screen:“enter namesvoyagevoyagemarks finger flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names. “input accepted. start transport program.auto-retrieve initiated(自动回收程序已启动).” the screen turn even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.“i think wed better shut it off, mark,” jason yelled out in terror, reaching for the power switch. a beam(光束) of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒)，until they themselves seemed to be glowing. then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. and the boys were no longer there. on the screen, the letters changed：“transport successfuldestination: mars. retrieve date: 202526. why did mark touch the computer against his fathers warning?a. he wanted to take a voyage.b. he wanted to practice his skills