八年级英语上册 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？单元知识归纳 （新版）人教新目标版(1).doc

unit 1 where did you go on vacation？单元知识目标突破词汇section aanyone pron.任何人p3section bfeel like 给的感觉；感受到p10quite a few 相当多；不少p3building n建筑物；房子p10wonder v. 想知道；琢磨p11most adj.，adv. & pron. 最多；大多数p4difference n差别；差异p11wait v&n. 等待；等候p12seem v. 好像；似乎；看来p4because of 因为p12bored adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的p5below prep.& adv. 在下面；到下面p13section bactivity n. 活动p9enough adj. 足够的；充足的；充分的p13decide v. 决定；选定p9try v& n. 尝试；设法；努力p9dislike v&n. 不喜爱；厌恶p14把握句型1.i felt like i was a bird.我感觉像是一只鸟。feel like后接的是宾语从句。2i wonder what life was like here in the past.我很想知道过去这儿的生活是什么样的。注意wonder的用法。3what a difference a day makes!一天的差别有多大！注意感叹句。4and because of the bad weather，we couldnt see anything below.因为这恶劣天气，我们看不到下面的任何景色。注意because of的运用。熟悉语法学习不定代词的用法。规则动词和不规则动词的过去式。学会交际学会询问度假情况的交际用语。写作练笔记叙假期发生的事情。课文翻译section a 2drick：hi，helen. long time no see.helen：hi，rick. yes，i was on vacation last month.rick：oh，did you go anywhere interesting?helen：yes，i went to guizhou with my family.rick：wow！did you see huangguoshu waterfall?helen：yes，i did. it was wonderful！we took quite a few photos there. what about you？did you do anything special last month?rick：not really.i just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.,里克：你好，海伦。很长时间没有见面了。海伦：你好，里克。是的，我上个月在度假。里克：噢，你去了什么有趣的地方吗？海伦：是的，我和我家人去了贵州。里克：哇！你看到黄果树瀑布了吗？海伦：是的，看到了。太壮观了！我们在那儿拍了许多照片。你呢？上个月你做了什么特殊的事情吗？里克：没有。大多数时间我只是待在家中读书、休息。知识详解1did you go with anyone？你和别人去的吗？【解读】anyone pron. 任何人，它是复合不定代词。可用于肯定句。anyone can come here to have the party.任何人都可以来这儿参加宴会。【拓展】(1)表示“某人”，常用于否定句、疑问句及条件句。(2)用作主语，谓语动词用单数；若需用代词代替，可用单数he，him或复数they，them均可。(3)被形容词修饰时，形容词应置于其后。i can do it if anybody can.如果有谁能干这事，我也能。if anyone comes，ask him (them) to wait.要是有人来，让他(他们)等着。did you see anyone interesting?你见过有趣的人吗？【例1】 can _ think of a way to get money?asomeonebany onecsome one danyone点拨：本句是一般疑问句，故排除a、c两项；any one后接of短语，故也排除。句意为“有谁能想出一个得到钱的方法吗？”答案：d【例2】 i didnt meet _ there.asomeone importantbanyone importantcimportant someonedimportant anyone点拨：浏览题干可知是否定句，故用anyone。形容词修饰anyone时，应放在后面。故选b项。答案：b2.we took quite a few photos there.我们在那儿拍了许多照片。【解读】quite a few 相当多；不少，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。i have quite a few friends here.我在这儿有相当多的朋友。there are quite a few books on the shelf.书架上有不少书。【辨析】quite a few，quite a little，few，little(1)quite a few同上。(2)quite a little 相当多；不少，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。theres quite a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有很多水。(3)few 几乎没有，表示否定意义，修饰可数名词复数。few people know him in the city.在这个城市很少有人认识他。(4)little 几乎没有，表示否定意义，修饰不可数名词。theres little time left.几乎没有时间了。【例1】 therere _ interesting places in china.aquite a few bquite a littlecfew dlittle点拨：根据places是可数名词复数可知用few短语；再根据句意“在中国有有趣的地方”表示肯定，故选a项。句意为“中国有许多有趣的地方”。答案：a【例2】 sorry，i can give only _ water to you.aa few ba littlecfew dlittle点拨：首先water是不可数名词，故用little 短语；根据题干中的only可知表示“有点”，故用a little。句意为“很抱歉，我只能给你一点水”。答案：b3.i just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.大多数时间我只是待在家中读书、休息。【解读】most adj.，adv. & pron.最多；大多数(1)most 可以用作代词，意为“大部分；大多数”。most of the students in our class like english.我们班大多数学生喜欢英语。(2)most可以用作副词，意为“最大；最高”。this is the most difficult problem of the three.这是三个问题中最难的一个。(3)most用作形容词，意为“大多数的；大部分的”。most children like playing football very much.大部分的孩子非常喜欢踢足球。(4)most可以是many和much的最高级，表示最多的。he has the most friends in our class.在我们班里，他的朋友最多。he owns the most money among my friends.在我的朋友中，他的钱最多。【例1】 _ dont like their children to play computer games too much.amost parentsbmost of the parentscmost parentsdmost of the parent点拨：根据开头单词首字母要大写，排除a、b两项；d项中的parent应用复数形式，故排除。句意为“大多数家长不喜欢他们的孩子玩电脑游戏太多”。答案：c【例2】 根据汉语意思完成下列句子我最需要她的帮助。i need her help _.我总是花大部分时间来学习英语。i always spend _ _ _ english.答案：mostmost time learning4still no one seemed to be bored.仍然没人看上去无聊。【解读】seem v. 好像；似乎；看来(1)seemadj./n.似乎是lucy seems quite happy.露西似乎很高兴。it seems a good idea.似乎是一个好主意。(2)seemto do sth.好像group 2 seemed to win the match.二组好像赢了比赛。(3)it seems that.好像，可以与seem to do sth.互相转换。his temperature seems to be all right.it seems that his temperature is all right.他的体温好像很正常。【解读】bored adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的通常用来形容人。i feel bored to read this kind of book.我读这种书感到无聊。【拓展】boring 也是形容词，意为“无聊的；令人厌烦的”，通常用来形容物。this kind of book is so boring.这类书如此无聊。【例1】 the old man _ to have known the good news.aneeds bwantscseems dsounds点拨：a项意为“需要”；b项意为“想要”；c项意为“好像”；d项意为“听起来”。根据句意“这位老人好像知道了这个好消息。”可知应该选c项。答案：c【例2】 he seems to be ill.(改为同义句) he seems _.it _ that he _ ill.答案：ill；seems；is【例3】 he is so_ to see the_ book.abored；bored bboring；boredcbored；boring dboring；boring点拨：第一空是形容人，用bored，第二空修饰物，用boring，故选c项。答案：c语法不定代词一、概念不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。二、常见的不定代词some 一些somebody 某人someone 某人something 某事any 一些；任何anybody 任何人anyone 任何人anything任何事no 无nobody 无人no one 无人nothing 无物every 每个everybody 每人；大家；人人everyone 每人everything 每件事；一切all 全体；全部both 两个(都)none 没人或物(指两个以上)neither 没人或物(指两个当中)either 任何一个(指两个当中)each每个other(s) 另一个(些)another 另外一个；又一个much 很多many很多few几乎没有a few一些；几个little 几乎没有a little 少数几个【例1】 who helped you repair your bike?_！i repaired it all by myself.aanybody beverybodycsomebody dnobody点拨：根据答语“我自己修的”可知是“没人”，故d项正确。句意为“谁帮你修的自行车？没人。我自己修的”。答案：d【例2】 make sure youve got the tickets and guidebooks and _before you leave.asomething b anythingceverything dnothing点拨：句意为“确保你离开前，带好票、指南以及所有的东西”，故c项正确。答案：c【例3】 she has written a lot of books，but_ are good ones.aany bsomecfew dmany点拨：根据but可知前后意思表示转折，“她已经写了许多书”，但是“几乎没有好的”，故选c项。答案：c三、不定代词的用法要注意1some系列的词项是肯定词，主要用于肯定句；any系列的词项是非肯定词，主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中。它们都既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。there is something wrong with her.她生病了。there isnt anyone in the classroom.教室里没有人。is there any meat in the kitchen?厨房里还有肉吗？【注意】在would you like sth.？之类的问句中用some，不用any。2由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。everyone in china likes the spring festival.在中国，人人都喜欢春节。3形容词修饰不定代词时，通常放在不定代词的后面。please do something special.请做些特别的事情吧。4几组不定代词的区别：(1)both，either，neither这三个词都指两者，both表示“两者都”，either表示“两者中的任何一个”，neither表示“两者都不”。which do you like better，tea or coffee?你更喜欢哪个，茶还是咖啡？neither，i like water better.两者都不，我更喜欢水。(2)a few；few；a little；littlea few，few用来修饰可数名词，a little，little用来修饰不可数名词。其中a few，a little表示肯定，意为“有一些”；few，little表示否定，意为“几乎没有”。quite a few和quite a little意为“相当多”；very few和very little意为“很少”。there is a little milk left in the bottle.在瓶子里有点剩余的牛奶。there is little milk left in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了。there are quite a few apples in the store.在商店里有相当多的苹果。【例4】 what else do you want?_else. i think i have got everything now.asomething beverythingcnothing danything点拨：根据答语“我认为现在我准备好了一切”可知“没什么其他的”，故选c项。答案：c【例5】 the books are so nice，which one can i take?oh，you can take _ of them. ill keep none.aboth ballcneither deither点拨：根据答语中的none可知表示三者或三者以上，故排除a、c、d三项。句意为“这些书这么好，我可以拿哪本？哦，你可以都拿走。我一本也不要”。答案：b【例6】 do you have any water?yes，i have _in my glass.alittle bfewca few da little点拨：根据water是不可数名词，故排除修饰可数名词的b、c两项；答语是肯定的，故选d项。答案：d【例7】 my sister has two skirts. one is yellow，_is black.aotherbanothercothers dthe other点拨：根据题干可知“两件裙子中的另一件”用the other表示。故选d项。答案：d【例8】 would you like some bread or cookies?_，thanks. i dont have any food before going to bed.anone beithercneither dboth点拨：根据问句的“面包和甜饼”可知表示两者，排除a项；答语“我在上床前不吃任何食物”，故“两者都不要”，选c项。答案：c(3)none，no onenone表示对三个或三个以上的人或事物的否定，意为“没有什么人”或“没有什么东西”，用作主语和宾语，后面可以接of短语。how many books are there on the desk?桌子上有多少书？none.一本也没有。no one意为“无一人，没有人”，仅指人(nobody)，常用来回答who的提问。who is in your room?谁在你的房间里？no one.没人。(4)many，muchmany修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。he has collected many stamps in ten years time.十年间他收集了许多邮票。this coat costs much money and i cant afford it.这件大衣太贵了，我买不起。【例9】 how many people are there in the hall?_.they all go home.ano one bnonecnobody deverybody点拨：问句是以how many引导的特殊疑问句，答语通常用none；此处指“没有一个人”。答案：b【例10】 a smile costs nothing，but gives so _.alittle bfewcmany dmuch点拨：but表示转折，前半句意为“一个微笑不花钱”，故后半句“但是给予那么多”，故选d项。答案：dsection b & self check课文翻译section b 2bdid jane have a good time on monday？what about on tuesday?monday，july 15thi arrived in penang in malaysia this morning with my family.it was sunny and hot，so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.my sister and i tried paragliding.i felt like i was a bird. it was so exciting！for lunch，we had something very special malaysian yellow noodles. they were delicious！in the afternoon，we rode bicycles to georgetown.there are a lot of new buildings now，but many of the old buildings are still there. in weld quay，a really old place in georgetown，we saw the houses of the chinese traders from 100 years ago.i wonder what life was like here in the past. i really enjoyed walking around the town.tuesday，july 16thwhat a difference a day makes！my father and i decided to go to penang hill today. we wanted to walk up to the top，but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.we waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. when we got to the top，it was raining really hard. we didnt have an umbrella so we were wet and cold. it was terrible！and because of the bad weather，we couldnt see anything below.my father didnt bring enough money，so we only had one bowl of fish and rice. i was so hungry！but it tasted great！,星期一简过得愉快吗？星期二怎么样？星期一，七月十五日今天早上我和我的全家来到了马来西亚的槟城。天气晴朗炎热，所以我们决定到我们旅馆附近的海滩去。我和姐姐尝试着做滑翔伞运动。我感觉自己像是一只鸟。太令人兴奋了！午饭，我们吃了十分特殊的马来西亚的黄色面条。它们味道鲜美！在下午，我们骑自行车去了乔治敦。那里现在有许多新房子，但是许多旧的建筑仍然存在。在焊接码头乔治敦的一个真正的老地方，我们看到了一百年前中国商人建造的房子。我很想知道过去这儿的生活是什么样的。我真的很喜欢走在这样的城镇里。星期二，七月十六日一天的差别有多大！今天我和父亲打算去槟城山。我们想步行去山顶，但是那时天开始下雨，因此我们决定乘火车去。因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。当我们到达山顶的时候，雨下得真的大了。由于我们没带雨伞，我们淋得又冷又湿。太糟糕了！因为这糟糕的天气，我们看不到下面的任何景色。我爸爸没有带足够的钱，所以我们只吃了一碗鱼肉米饭。我非常饿。但是吃起来很好吃！知识详解1what activities do you find enjoyable？你发现什么活动令人愉快？【解读】activity n. 活动we often do some after class activities at school.在学校里我们经常做课后活动。【拓展】actor n. 男演员；actress n女演员do you like the actors or actresses in the movie?你喜欢这部电影中的男演员还是女演员？【例题】are you free？lets do some _ with tom.aactivity bactorscactresses dactivities点拨：some后接名词复数形式，排除a项。b、c两项分别意为“男(女)演员”，在句中不合题意。句意为“你有空吗？我们和汤姆一起做活动吧”。答案：d2.it was sunny and hot，so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.天气晴朗炎热，所以我们决定到我们旅馆附近的海滩去。【解读】本句是由so连接的并列句。【解读】decide v. 决定；选定，后跟动词不定式或从句作宾语。he decided that he would start out at 6：00 that morning.他决定那天早晨六点出发。【拓展】decide on选定；决定，后常跟名词、代词、动词ing形式作宾语。she decided on the city.她选定了那座城市。decision 决定，decide的名词形式，可构成make a decision决定；下决心，相当于decide。she decided/made a decision to get good grades.她决定取得好成绩。【例1】 mary decided _ pop music the next day.ato listen blisten tocto listen to dlistening to点拨：decide后接动词不定式，排除b、d两项；listen是不及物动词，后接宾语时要先加介词to，故选c项。句意为“玛丽决定明天去听流行音乐”。答案：c【例2】 bill thought about a few countries for vacation and at last he decided _ japan.aat bforcon dof点拨：句意为“比尔考虑了好几个国家去度假，最后选定在日本”。decide on 意为“选定；决定”。答案：c3my sister and i tried paragliding.我和姐姐尝试着做滑翔伞运动。【解读】try v& n. 尝试；设法；努力try to do sth.尽量/努力做某事i try to finish the work on time.我尽量按时完成这份工作。try doing sth.试着做某事my classmate liu tried cooking fish yesterday.我的同学刘昨天试着做鱼了。try n尝试may i have a try?我可以试试吗？【例1】 shes trying _ an elephant there.adraw bto drawcto drawing ddraws点拨：try后面接动词时，一般接动词不定式或动词ing形式，而a、c、d三项均不符合这一条件，故都排除。句意为“她在那儿正努力画一头大象”。答案：b【例2】 根据汉语意思完成下句不要担心。试试看。dont worry._ _ _.答案：have a try4i felt like i was a bird.我感觉像是一只鸟。【解读】本句是复合句，i was a bird是省略了that引导的宾语从句。【解读】feel like 给的感觉；感受到，后可接名词、代词或从句。we feel like robots.我们感觉像是机器人。【拓展】feel like doing sth.want/would like to do sth.希望做某事；想做某事i feel like going to bed.i want to go to bed.i would like to go to bed.我想上床睡觉。【例1】 i feel like _ with you at the same class.astay bto staycstaying dstayed点拨：feel like后接动词ing形式。答案：c【例2】 would you like _ shopping with me?sorry，i feel like _ this book.ato go；read bto go；readingcgoing；to read dgoing；reading点拨：would like后接 to do sth.；feel like后接doing sth.，二者一结合，b项正确。答案：b5.there are a lot of new buildings now，but many of the old buildings are still there.那里现在有许多新房子，但是许多旧的建筑仍然存在。【解读】building n建筑物；房子，是可数名词。whats your favorite building?你最喜欢什么建筑物？【拓展】build v. 建造we want to build a hotel near the beach.我们想在海边建一个宾馆。build n身材my mother is of medium build.我妈妈中等体型。builder n. 建设者the builders finished the house two days ago.建筑工人们两天前盖好了房子。【例题】the _are busy _the tall _.abuilder；build；buildingbbuildings；build；buildercbuilders；building；buildingsdbuild；building；builders点拨：根据be busy后接doing sth.可知中间的空处用building，排除a、b两项；句意为“这些建造者正在忙着建造高楼”，故排除d项。答案：c6i wonder what life was like here in the past.我很想知道过去这儿的生活是什么样的。【解读】本句是复合句，what life was like here in the past作了i wonder的宾语。【解读】wonder v. 想知道；琢磨(1)wonder后接wh或how从句时，表示“想知道”，相当于want to know。i wonder who the boy is.我想知道这个男孩是谁。(2)i wonder if.为固定句式，是寻求帮助或请求准许的客套语，相当于may i.?肯定回答常有：sure，go ahead.好的，请吧。of course/sure.当然可以。否定回答常用：im sorry，but.对不起im afraid not.恐怕不行吧。youd better not.最好不。i wonder if i can read his new poem.我想知道是否可以读一下他的那首新诗。of course.当然可以了。(3)wonder n. 奇迹what are the seven wonders in the world?世界上的七大奇迹是什么？(4)wonderful adj.精彩的；绝妙的we had a wonderful time in the park last sunday.上周日我们在公园里玩得很快乐。【例1】 we all _ how he made such great progress in a short time.abelieved bthoughtcdecided dwondered点拨：a项意为“认为；相信”；b项意为“认为”；c项意为“决定”；d项意为“想知道”。根据“他如何在那么短的时间里取得如此大的成绩”可知“我们都想知道”。答案：d 【例2】 i wonder _i could use your mobile phone.sure.athat bwhycif dwhat点拨：根据答语“当然可以”可知上句用i wonder if，是寻求帮助或请求准许的客套语。答案：c【例3】 the great wall is one of the greatest _ in the world，and its very _.awonder；wonderful bwonderful；wondercwonders；wonderful dwonderful；wonders点拨：one of.后接名词复数形式；very后接形容词或副词；浏览各选项，c项符合语法。句意为“长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一，它很壮观”。答案：c 7.what a difference a day makes！一天的差别有多大！【解读】本句是感叹句，由what引导。【解读】difference n差别；差异常构成短语：make a difference 有影响；起作用the difference(s) between.and.，意为“和两者间的不同点”。eating a lot of vegetables can make a difference.吃大量蔬菜会有帮助的。there are many differences between mary and joan.玛丽和琼两人有许多不同点。【拓展】different adj. 不同的differently adv.不同地【例1】 there is no _ between the twins.adifference bdifferentcdifferently ddifferences点拨：there be句型后面是主语，故用名词形式，排除b、c两项；根据is可知名词用单数形式。故选a项。答案：a【例2】 _ ideas can make _.adifference；difference bdifferent；a differencecdifferently；different ddifference；differently点拨：ideas是名词，故用形容词修饰；而make a difference是常用短语。故选b项。答案：b8we waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。【解读】本句是复合句。because引导的是原因状语从句。【解读】wait v. & n等待；等候(1)作动词时，用法如下：wait to do sth.等着去做某事they are waiting to have dinner.他们正等着吃晚饭。wait后接表示所等的人、物时，应与介词for连用。they are waiting for a bus.他们正在等公共汽车。wait for sb./sth. to do sth.等某人(物)进行某种动作we are waiting for jim to come.我们正等着吉姆的到来。cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事children cant wait to open the presents.孩子们迫不及待地打开礼物。(2)wait n等待；等候i dont like this long wait.我不喜欢这种长时间的等待。【例1】 are you _ a bus?await bwaitingcwait for dwaiting for点拨：由句首的are可知，后面的动词用现在分词形式；a bus作宾语，故wait后接介词for。答案：d【例2】 he doesnt like that long _，but he has to _ the teacher to finish class.await；wait bwait for；wait cwait；wait for dwait for；wait for点拨：long后接名词，故用wait；the teacher 是名词，表示“等待老师”用wait for the teacher，故选c项。答案：c【例3】 根据汉语意思完成下句这位母亲迫不及待地想见到孩子。the mother cant _ _ _ her child.答案：wait to see9.and because of the bad weather，we couldnt see anything below.因为这糟糕的天气，我们看不到下面的任何景色。【解读】because of 因为，后接名词、代词、名词性短语。because of his illness，he cant go to school today.因为他的疾病，今天他不能去上学。【辨析】because of和becausebecause of表示原因，后接名词、代词、名词性短语。because表示原因，其后跟从句。we didnt get there because of the heavy rain.we didnt get there because it rained heavily.由于大雨，我们没有及时到达。【解读】below prep.& adv. 在下面；到下面as they were climbing the hills，they saw a boy below.当他们正往山上爬时，看见下面有一个男孩。【辨析】below和 underbelow 指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物的正下方，反义词是above。write your name below the line.在线下面写下你的名字。under 指在正下方，反义词是over。whats under the bridge？桥底下是什么？【例1】 _ the english teachers help，li ming passed the english exam in the end.abecause bbecause ofcin front of dsorry for点拨：根据空后是一名词短语，排除接从句的a项；c项意为“在前面”，表示位置；d项意为“为而抱歉”；根据后半句句意“李明最后通过了英语考试”可知“由于英语老师的帮助”。故b项符合句意。答案：b【例2】 we are _ the moon.aunder bbelowcover dabove点拨：我们不可能在月亮上面，故排除c、d两项；under表示在正下方，故排除a项。句意为“我们在月亮下面”。答案：b【例3】 根据汉语意思完成下列句子如果温度低于0，水就结冰。if the temperature drops _0，water freezes.请站在这棵树的下面。please stand _ the tree.答案：belowunder10.my father didnt bring e