八年级英语上册 Unit 10 If you go to the partyyoull have a great time!单元知识归纳 （新版）人教新目标版(1).doc

unit 10 if you go to the party，youll have a great time!单元知识目标突破词汇section ameeting n会议；集会；会面p169section bin the end 最后；终于p176organize v. 组织；筹备p170careless adj. 粗心的；不小心的p177advice n劝告；建议p170mistake n. 错误；失误p177section btravel v& n. 旅行；游历p174solvev. 解决；解答p177keep.to oneself 保守秘密p175experience n经验；经历p178themselves pron.他(她、它) 们自己p175in half 分成两半p178unless conj. 除非；如果不p176把握句型1.if you go to the party，youll have a great time!如果你去参加宴会，你将会玩得很快乐！注意if条件句中的时态。2unless we talk to someone，well certainly feel worse.如果我们不和人说说，自然会感到更难过。注意unless引导的条件状语从句。3it is best not to run away from our problems.最好不要逃避问题。注意its best (not) to do sth.句型。熟悉语法学习if引导的条件状语从句。学会交际学习谈论即将发生的事件的交际用语。写作练笔学习写描写假设情况的文章。课文翻译section a 2djeff：hey，ben. for the party next week，should we ask people to bring food?ben：no，lets order food from a restaurant. if we ask people to bring food，theyll just bring potato chips and chocolate because theyll be too lazy to cook.jeff：ok. for the games，do you think we should give people some small gifts if they win?ben：i think thats a great idea！if we do that，more people will want to play the games.jeff：yes，the games will be more exciting，too.,杰夫：嘿，本。对于下周的宴会，我们该让人们带食物吗？本：不，我们从餐馆预订食物吧。如果我们让人们带食物，他们会只带炸薯条和巧克力，因为他们太懒而不做饭。杰夫：好的。对于游戏，你认为如果他们赢了，我们该给人们一些小礼物吗？本：我认为那是一个好主意！如果我们那样做了，更多的人会想玩游戏。杰夫：是的，游戏也将会更令人兴奋。知识详解1if you go to the party，youll have a great time!如果你去参加宴会，你将会玩得很快乐！【解读】本句是含有条件状语从句的复合句。if引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来，而主句用一般将来时。if youre free，well go shopping next sunday.如果你有空，我们下星期天要去购物。what will happen if they have the party tomorrow?如果他们明天举行宴会，将会发生什么？【例题】 all the students in class 5 will climb the mountain if it _ rain tomorrow.awontbdontcdidnt ddoesnt点拨：根据主句用了一般将来时态，那么if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。浏览各选项可知是否定句，rain是实义动词，it是第三人称单数，故用doesnt。答案：d2the students are talking about when to have a class meeting.学生们正在谈论何时举行班会。【解读】本句是简单句。when to have a class meeting作了talk about 的宾语。特殊疑问词when，what，where，which，whom，how等都可和动词不定式连用，在句中通常作宾语。i dont know when to get to beijing.我不知道何时到达北京。could you tell me how to get to the bus stop?你能告诉我到汽车站怎么走吗？【解读】meeting n会议；集会；会面we held a sports meeting last week.上周我们举行了一次运动会。meet v遇见；相逢im glad to meet you.遇见你我很高兴。【例1】would you please tell me _this camera?yes，its easy.awhere to use bhow to usecwhen to use dwhich to use点拨：根据答语可知问句句意为“你能告诉我怎样使用这台照相机吗？”how to use意为“如何使用”，在句中作动词tell的宾语。答案：b【例2】lets have a welcome _.ameet bmeetingcparties dmeetings点拨：空前有冠词和形容词修饰，说明空内用名词，排除a项，它是动词；不定冠词a后加单数名词，排除c、d两项。句意为“我们举行一次欢迎会吧”。答案：b3.what will mark organize？马克打算组织什么？【解读】organize v. 组织；筹备lucy organized the party. she asked me to bring some cds.露西组织了聚会。她请我带些唱片。【拓展】organizer n组织者；建立者can you tell me who is the organizer of the activity?你能告诉我谁是这次活动的组织者吗？organized adj. 有组织的；井井有条的the workers held an organized meeting.工人们进行了一次有组织的集会。organization n组织this country is a member of the united nations organization.这个国家是联合国组织的成员国。【例1】the _ are going to _ a sports meeting.aorganizer；organize borganizers；organizedcorganization；organize dorganizers；organize点拨：根据空格后面的are可判断主语用名词的复数形式，排除a、c两项；be going to后接动词原形，故排除b项。句意为“组织者们打算组织一次运动会”。答案：d【例2】根据汉语意思完成下列句子他们举行了有组织的活动。they had _ activities.你们组织的名称是什么？whats the name of your _？答案： organized organization4if you do，youll be late.如果你那样做，你将会迟到的。【解读】本句是含有条件状语从句的复合句。do在句中代替上句提到的行为动作，即 take the bus to the party。you cant leave the house tonight.你今晚不能离开这幢房子。what will happen if i do?如果我离开了，会发生什么事？【例题】jim will bring some friends from other school to the party.if he _，the teachers will ask them to leave.ais bdoeschas ddo点拨：因为空格处代表“带其他学校的朋友来参加宴会”，表示的是行为动作，故用do的正确形式代替；he是第三人称单数，故用does。答案：b5can you give me some advice please?你能给我一些建议吗？【解读】advice n劝告；建议，是不可数名词。表示“一条建议”时，用a piece of advice；表示“两条建议”时，用two pieces of advice。my teacher often gives me some advice on how to learn english.我老师常给我一些如何学习英语的建议。【拓展】advise v. 劝告；建议，常用结构为：advise sb. to do sth.劝告/建议某人去做某事。i often advise my grandmother to stop smoking.我经常劝我奶奶戒烟。【例1】i want three _.can you give them to me?apieces of advice badvicescadvice dpieces of advices点拨：advice是不可数名词，故没有复数形式，b、d两项错误；也不能用基数词修饰，c项也错。句意为“我想要三条建议。你能给我吗？”。答案：a【例2】根据汉语意思完成下句他建议我多做锻炼。he advised me _ _ more.答案：to exercise语法：if引导的条件状语从句生活中，我们常常用“如果”作假设，来谈论某些情况产生的某些影响。而在英语中，这种假设常用条件状语从句来表示。下面让我们解读一下if条件状语从句：if 意为“如果”，由它引导的条件状语从句表示假如有从句的动作发生，就会有主句的动作发生。从句可以放在主句前或主句后；当从句置于主句前时，须用逗号与主句隔开。if i go there，ill take her some flowers.如果我去那儿，我将给她带些花。if条件状语从句的时态：当谈论将来可能出现的情况时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句常用一般将来时。即“主将从现”。well stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，我们将待在家里。if条件状语从句有时可以与其他句型进行转化：1与祈使句and/or一般将来时的句子转化。if you get up early，you wont be late for school.如果你早起床，你上学就不会迟到。get up early，and you wont be late for school.早点起床，你上学就不会迟到。get up early，or you will be late for school.早点起床吧，否则你上学就会迟到。2与with或without进行转化。if there is no water，we cant live.如果没有水，我们就不能生存。we cant live without water.没有水我们不能生存。【拓展】1如果if引导的从句中用了will，will在此处是情态动词，表示意愿。if you will help me，ill finish it on time.如果你愿意帮我，我会按时完成的。2在谈论将来可能出现的情况时，主句还可以是含有其他情态动词的句子或者是祈使句。we may go out if its fine tomorrow.如果明天天气好的话，我们可能会出去。please call me if you go shopping next sunday.如果下周日你去购物，请给我打电话。3if 引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句的差别：if引导的条件状语从句意为“如果”，其时态遵循“主将从现”规则。ill tell you about it if you come.如果你来，我就告诉你关于它的情况。if引导的宾语从句意为“是否”，其时态受主句谓语动词的限制。若主句谓语动词为现在时或将来时，if引导的宾语从句要根据实际情况来恰当使用时态。i dont know if he will help me.我不知道他是否会帮助我。【例1】if your friend _，ill tell you.acomebwill comeccomes dare coming解析if引导的是条件状语从句，主句用了一般将来时，故从句用一般现在时。答案c句意如果你的朋友来了，我会告诉你的。【例2】 if you go to college，you _a good education.awill get bgetcgets dgot解析if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故选a项。答案a句意如果你上了大学，你会得到好的教育。【例3】i want to know if they_ tomorrow.acome bwill comeccomes dcame解析此处if 引导的是宾语从句，句中有时间状语tomorrow，故用将来时态。答案b句意我想知道他们明天是否会来。【例4】 take enough exercise，_youll be in good heath.aor bsocbut dand解析由句意知，前后句为顺承关系，应用and来连接。答案d句意进行足够的锻炼，你的身体就会健康。【例5】 用括号中所给词的正确形式填空(1)if it_(not rain)，he_(play)basketball with me tomorrow.(2)if uncle ian _(come)，i_(call)you up.(3)she must see a dentist if she_(have)a toothache.(4)please wake me up if he_(come)back.(5)hurry up！or you _(be)late again.点拨：(1)(2)题都是一般的if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时的原则；(3)(4)题为主句是含有情态动词的句子或者是祈使句，情态动词后接动词原形，从句用一般现在时；(5)题为“祈使句or一般将来时”的句子。答案：(1)doesnt rain；will play(2)comes；will call(3)has(4)comes(5)will besection b & self check课文翻译section b 2baif people have problems，they should get advice from an expert.bif people have problems，they should talk to other people.cif people have problems，they should try to keep them to themselves.students these days often have a lot of worries：sometimes they have problems with their schoolwork，and sometimes with their friends. what can they do about this？some people believe the worst thing is to do nothing. laura mills，a teenager from london，agrees. “problems and worries are normal in life，” says laura. “but i think talking to someone helps a lot.unless we talk to someone，well certainly feel worse.”laura once lost her wallet，and worried for days. she was afraid to tell her parents about it. she even walked three miles to school each day because she didnt have any money. she just kept thinking，“if i tell my parents，theyll be angry！” in the end，she talked to her parents and they were really understanding.her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes himself. they got her a new wallet and asked her to be more careful. “i will always remember to share my problems in the future！” laura says.robert hunt advises students about common problems. he feels the same way as laura. “it is best not to run away from our problems.we should always try to solve them.” he thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to. this person doesnt need to be an expert like himself.students often forget that their parents have more experience than them，and are always there to help them.in english，we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half. so youre halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it！,a如果人们遇到问题，他们应该从专家那儿得到建议。b如果人们遇到问题，他们应该和他人倾诉。c如果人们遇到问题，他们应该尽力保守秘密。现在的学生们经常有许多烦恼：有时候他们在作业方面遇到问题，有时候和朋友遇到问题。关于问题他们能做什么呢？一些人认为最糟糕的事情是什么也不做。劳拉米尔斯，一个来自伦敦的青少年同意这观点。“问题和烦恼在生活中是正常的，”劳拉说，“但是我认为和他人倾诉帮助很大。如果我们不和人倾诉，自然会感到更难过。”劳拉曾丢了她的钱包并担忧好多天。她害怕告诉父母。她甚至每天步行三英里去上学因为她没钱。她只是不断地想：“如果我告诉父母，他们将会很生气！”最后，她和父母进行了交谈，他们都很理解。她爸爸说他自己有时候也会犯粗心的错误。他们给她买了新钱包，让她当心点。“将来我会总是记得去分享我的问题！”劳拉说。罗伯特亨特对于通常的问题给学生们提了建议。他和劳拉的感受一样。“最好不要逃避问题。我们应该总是尽力去解决它们。”他认为第一步是找到你信任的人去交流。这个人不必像他一样是专家。学生们经常忘记了他们的父母经验比他们多，并总是在帮助他们。在英语中，我们说分享问题就如同把问题切成两半。所以通过和他人交流，你在中途就把问题解决了！知识详解1travel around the world 周游全世界【解读】travel v& n. 旅行；游历(1)作动词时，过去式为traveled (travelled)；现在分词为traveling(travelling)。可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。they traveled to south africa last year.去年他们去南非旅行过。travel is much cheaper than before.旅行比以前便宜多了。(2)traveler (traveller) n旅行者；漂泊者；游客some travelers would like to visit interesting places.一些旅行者想去参观有趣的地方。【词汇辨析】travel和triptravel泛指一般意义的旅行，是不可数名词。只是泛指旅行，而不特指某次具体的旅行。若是具体指某人的旅行，通常用复数形式，且通常有物主代词修饰。he wrote down his travels to america.他记下了他去美国的旅行。trip 通常指近距离的为了办事或消遣而进行旅行，并且往往要回到出发点(即指双程)。有时也可指远距离的长途旅行。how was your trip last week？你上周的旅行怎样？【例1】he _ the country _.atravels；on feetbtravelled；on footctravels；by foot dtraveled；by feet点拨：根据“步行”用on foot可知只有b项正确。句意为“他徒步旅行了这个国家”。答案：b【例2】many _ had a hard _.atravel；trip btravelers；travelctravelers；trip dtrips；travel点拨：many后接可数名词复数，排除a项；而travel是不可数名词，只有在表示具体的某人旅行时，才用复数形式；且题干中有a，后接单数名词，故排除b、d两项。句意为“许多旅行者进行了艰苦的旅行”。答案：c【例3】根据汉语意思完成下列句子你喜欢旅行吗？do you _ _？请写一篇你去桂林的游记。please write your _ _ guilin.咱们到山上去旅行吧。lets take _ _ to the mountain.答案： like travelling travels to a trip2if people have problems，they should try to keep them to themselves.如果人们遇到问题，他们应该保守秘密。【解读】keep.to oneself 保守秘密dont keep it to yourself.不要闷在心里。keep to myself 自己保留；保守秘密i want to keep sadness to myself.我想把悲伤留给自己。【解读】themselves pron.他(她、它) 们自己它是them的反身代词。反身代词表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。它在句中可以起到强调的作用，用以加强语气。反身代词以self(单数)和selves(复数)结尾。第一、二人称的反身代词由物主代词加self/selves构成。第三人称的反身代词由代词宾格加self/selves 构成。第一人称第二人称第三人称单数单数单数myselfyourselfhimself，herself，itself复数复数复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词和句中的主语是一个人，可作宾语、表语、同位语。he teaches himself english.他自学英语。we enjoyed ourselves last week.上周我们玩得很快乐。【例1】i can tell you if you promise _ it to _.ato keep；you bkeeping；yourselfcto keep；yourself dkeeping；you点拨：promise后接动词不定式，故从a、c两项中选取一个；you的反身代词是yourself。故选c项。答案：c【例2】i guess peter and his sister sally enjoyed _ at the dancing party.amyself bhimselfcherself dthemselves点拨：peter and his sister 表达的是第三人称复数，故用复数的反身代词。答案：d【例3】根据汉语意思完成下列句子我妹妹八岁了，她能照看自己了。my sister is eight and she can _ _ _.这些孩子们能自己穿衣。these children can _ _.答案： look after herself dress themselves3unless we talk to someone，well certainly feel worse.如果我们不和人倾诉，自然会感到更难过。【解读】本句是复合句，unless引导的条件状语从句。【解读】unless conj. 除非；如果不它引导条件状语从句，相当于if.not，在许多情况下可以互换。unless引导的条件状语从句和if条件状语从句，与时间状语从句一样，若主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。dont come unless i call you.如果我不打电话你就不要来。【例题】the sports meeting will continue _ it rains this afternoon.aif bsincecas soon as dunless点拨：a项意为“如果”；b项意为“自从以来”；c项意为“一就”；d项意为“如果不”；本句意为“今天下午如果天不下雨，运动会将继续举行”。由此可知a、b、c三项不符合句意。答案：d4in the end，she talked to her parents and they were really understanding.最后，她和父母进行了交谈，他们都很理解。【解读】in the end 最后；终于he worked hard and in the end he got an a in the english test.他努力学习，最后英语测试他得了a。【拓展】at the end of 在的末尾；在的尽头there is a shop at the end of the street.在街道的尽头有一家商店。by the end of 到末为止will you visit me by the end of next term?到下学期末你会来看我吗？end up 结束；告终they watched tv the whole afternoon and ended up talking about something at school.他们看了整个下午的电视，以谈论学校的事情而结束。【注意】in the end的同义词(组)是：finally，at last。finally，we climbed up the mountain.最后，我们终于登上了山。【例1】_，he passed the exam.aby the end bat the endcin the end don the end点拨：by the end后接上of，意为“到末为止”；at the end 后接上of，意为“在的末尾；在的尽头”；暂无on the end短语。句意为“他终于通过了考试”。in the end意为“最后；终于”。答案：c【例2】 when we practice speaking english，we often end up _in chinese.ato speak bspeakingcspoken dspeak点拨：end up doing sth.意为“以而告终”；句意为“当我们练习说英语时，我们经常以说汉语而结束”。答案：b5.her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes himself.她爸爸说他自己有时候也会犯粗心的错误。【解读】careless adj. 粗心的；不小心的，其反义词是：careful细致的；精心的；慎重的the twins are different. the elder brother is careful，but the other is careless.这对双胞胎有所不同。哥哥很细心，而另一个很粗心。【拓展】carelessly adv. 粗心地；carefully adv.细致地；谨慎地care n. & v. 关系；在意；担忧take carebe carefullook out当心；小心take care of 照顾；照料care about 关心please drive carefully when the traffic is very busy.当交通繁忙时请谨慎驾车。【解读】mistake n. 错误；失误常构成词组：make a mistake “犯错误”，by mistake “错误地”。i think they are making a serious mistake.我认为他们正在犯一个严重的错误。tom must have taken your dictionary by mistake.汤姆一定是错拿了你的字典。【拓展】mistake v意思是“弄错；误解”。过去式是：mistookhe mistook me for my younger brother.他把我错当成我弟弟了。【例1】the boy made many mistakes in his exam，because he was very _.acare bcarefulccareless dcarelessly点拨：根据前半句“这男孩在测试中犯了许多错误”可知“因为他很粗心”；was是系动词，后接形容词作表语，故选c项。答案：c【例2】he often _in spelling last year.amakes a mistake bmakes mistakescmade a mistake dmade mistake点拨：根据last year可知时态用一般过去时，a、b两项错误；表示“犯错误”用短语make mistakes/a mistake，故d项也错误。句意为“去年他常在拼写方面出错”。答案：c【例3】sorry，i took your schoolbag by _.amistake bmistakescmistook dmistaken点拨：by 是介词，其后应接名词、代词或动词ing形式，c、d两项分别是mistake的过去式和过去分词，排除；by mistake是固定短语，句意为“对不起，我错拿了你的书包”。答案：a6we should always try to solve them.我们应该总是尽力去解决它们。【解读】solve v. 解决；解答常作及物动词。we have to solve the problem now.现在我们必须解决这个问题。【拓展】solution n. 解决；解答，表示“的解答”用the solution to.。he is very clever and can give good solutions to peoples problems.他很聪明并能给出人们难题的解答方案。【例题】can you help me _ the math problem？i cant give the right _ it.ato solve；solution bsolve；solutioncto solve；solution to dsolving；solution to点拨：help后可接动词不定式，也可接省略to的不定式，故排除d项；表示“的解答”用the solution to.。故c项正确。句意为“你能帮助我解决这道数学题吗？我不能给出它的正确解答”。答案：c7students often forget that their parents have more experience than them，and are always there to help them.学生们经常忘记了他们的父母经验比他们多，并总是在帮助他们。【解读】本句是复合句，含有that引导的宾语从句。【解读】experience n经验；经历experience 作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词；表示“做某事的经验”常用in doing sth.。experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的老师。he has much experience in doing this kind of work.他有丰富的经验做这项工作。experience 作“经历”讲时，是可数名词。he had many interesting experiences while traveling in africa.他在非洲旅行时有很多有趣的经历。experience v经历；体验he experienced great hardships for the first time in his life.他有生以来第一次经历了巨大的苦难。【例1】he had _ yesterday. he saw a ufo land in front of him.aan experience ba experiencecexperience dthe experience点拨：根据后半句句意“他看到一个飞碟落在他前面”可知“他有一次经历”。作“经历”讲时experience是可数名词，又因为其首音素是元音，故前用an。答案：a【例2】根据汉语意思完成下句上周他经历了一次特别的经历。last week he _ a special _.答案：experienced；experience8in english，we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half.在英语中，我们说分享问题就如同把问题切成两半。【解读】i