Unit 9重点总结.doc

九年级英语 Unit 9 重点总结1. 被动语态 (1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。 (2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词，(如果是不及物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词) (3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。 一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词 与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词 (4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by 表示“由，被”的意思Section A. 2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus When was the car invented ? It was invented in 1885.When were electric slippers invented? They were invented last year.Who were potato chips invented by ? They were invented by George Crum .What are stamps used for ? They are used for sending letters ./are used to send letters3. be used for doing用来做(是被动语态),可以和be used to do 互相转换 如： Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。 Pens arent used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。4. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词如：哪一个发明家去年发明了那项有用的发明？Which _ _ the useful _ last year?5. 给某人某样东西 give sth. to sb.= give sb. sth. 如：I gave a pen to him./ I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。相同的可以跟双宾主的动词有：（这里的“物”是直接宾语，“人”是间接宾语）show/pass/offer/bring sb. Sth. = show/pass/offer/bring sth. to sbmake(制造)/buy/get sb. Sth. =make/ buy/get sth. for sb.请注意他们在变被动语态时的两种情况：I把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍留在原位。My grandfather gave me(间接宾语) a dictionary (直接宾语) last year.I was given a dictionary by my grandfather last year.II. 把直接宾语变为被动语态主语时，则要在间接宾语前加介词to，而make(制造),buy,get （买）要用for)My grandfather gave me(间接宾语) a dictionary (直接宾语) last year.A dictionary was given to me by my grandfather last year.6. all day 整天 all night 整夜 all day and all night7What do you think is the most useful invention ? 试从下面几方面理解：1. 当”do you think “是插入语，后面要用陈述语序试翻译：你认为我应该做什么呢？下面A, B哪一个正确？A. Whatdo you think I should do?B. What do you think should I do?2. 你知道What is the most important thing for you ? 其中 What是主语，What do you think is the most important thing for you?Section B7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐Have you tasted the soup with _ (盐)? It is so _ （咸的）8. by mistake 错误地 Do you know that potato chips were invented by mistake?如： I took the umbrella by mistake. 我错误地拿错了雨伞。9. make sb./sth. +形容词(做宾语补足语) 使怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴 make sb./sth. + 省to 的不定式(做宾语补足语) 让做 这里主动语态中省to,被动语态中要加to . 如：The boss made the workers work all day and all night in rhe past. The workers were made to work all day and all night in the past.10. in the end 最后= at last = finallyby the end of +过去的时间状语, 常用于过去完成时态We had learned more than 2000 words by the end of last term.at the end of the meeting 在会议快结束的时候 at the end of the street 在街道的尽头at the end of this week 在本周末We plan to have a picnic at the end of this week.10. by accident 意外 偶然 The most popular drink in the world was invented by accident?如：I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。11. notuntil 直到才 Tea wasnt brought to the Western World until 1610.如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。12. according to +名词 根据 according to an ancient Chinese legend 根据一个古老的中国神话如：according to this article 根据这篇文章 According to Mr. Black , there will be a heavy rain tomorrow .13. over an open fire 在户处的火上 over不接触但垂直, on 接触垂直, above不接触不垂直There is a bridge _ the river.There is a bird flying _ his head.14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves thin enough / salty enough 15. nearby adj. 附近的 a nearly bush. 如： the nearby riversometime 某个时候 sometimes : at times 有时some time 一段时间 some times 几次The bunch of flowers remained in the bottle for_.(一段时间)I have been to Shanghai _.（几次）Most of the studtents _ make mistakes. （有时）Are you sure you will see him _.（某个时候） 14. fall into 落入 掉进Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water.fall down 摔倒 如：She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。fall down ( from )= fall off （从）跌倒 She fell off her bike.17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a一般放在它的后面 如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面 如： a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩 注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如： I am very happy.= I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。18. in this way 这样如：In this way they grew from weak to strong.就这样他们变得由弱到强。on the way to + n. 在去的路上，on ones way home/to the hospital by the way 顺便说一下in ones way 挡的路，碍事如：Go along with you now! Youre _!滚开！你碍我事了。 _ , whats your hobby?_ back home , I dropped in at my brothers house 在我回来的路上，我顺便到我兄弟家去看了看。19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快 be pleased with sth. pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行等物令人高兴愉快= pleasing please v. 使高兴 使同意What you did yesterday _ your mother.We are _ with what the teacher told usThe trip to Hainan several days ago was _. 20. batteryoperated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的过去分词构成的合成形容词21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪 Reading22. travel around China 周游全国 travel around the world 周游世界23. more than = over 超过 如： more than a hundred years old 24. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用 如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。We learn a lot of subjects , including Chinese , math and English .25. Basketball have been played in parks , schools, and even in factories have been played是现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的The _ of the players was important.We should keep the children _ first.28. knock into 撞上(某人) Knocking into players and falling down would be dangerous.knock sb. down 撞倒某人 knock at the door 敲门Its easy for you to _ others, its dangerous.Who is _ the door.29. divide sth. into 将划分成. 通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams.如：Lets divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用rise ( vi . ) 升起 Since then, the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide.The sun rises in the east .raise ( vt. ) raise your hand = put up your hand 举起手如：Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。31. dream of doing sth. 梦到做某事Many young people dream of becoming famous basketball players.32The number of + n.pl ，表示“数目”，谓语用单数The number of students of our school is more than four thousand .A number of + n.pl,表示