英语四级词典word list 1.doc

WORD LIST 1sincere/sns(r); NAmE -sr / adj. (superlative sincerest no comparative ) 1. (of feelings, beliefs or behaviour 感情、信念或行为 )showing what you really think or feel 真诚的；诚挚的；诚恳的 SYN genuine a sincere attempt to resolve the problem 解决这一问题的认真尝试sincere regret 真诚的悔恨Please accept our sincere thanks. 请接受我们诚挚的谢意。a sincere apology 诚恳的道歉2. (in sth) (of a person 人 )saying only what you really think or feel 诚实的；坦率的 SYN honest He seemed sincere enough when he said he wanted to help. 他表示愿意帮忙，样子很真诚。She is never completely sincere in what she says about people. 她谈论别人，一向不尽坦诚。OPP insinceresincerity /snserti / (noun) U 真诚,诚挚,坦率She spoke with total sincerity. 她讲的是由衷之言。I can say in all sincerity that I knew nothing of these plans. 我可以十分坦诚地说，这些计划我一无所知。sincerely/snsli; NAmE -srli / adv.in a way that shows what you really feel or think about sb/sth 真诚地；诚实地 I sincerely believe that this is the right decision. 我由衷地认为这个决定是正确的。I wont let you down. I sincerely hope not. “我不会让你失望的。”“但愿如此。”IDM收起Yours sincerely (BrE) (NAmE Sincerely (yours) ) (formal) used at the end of a formal letter before you sign your name, when you have addressed sb by their name （正式信函署名前的套语，只用于以收信人姓氏相称呼的信函）mood/mu:d / noun1. C the way you are feeling at a particular time 情绪；心情 Shes in a good mood today (= happy and friendly) . 她今天心情很好。Hes always in a bad mood (= unhappy, or angry and impatient) . 他总是情绪不好。to be in a foul/filthy mood 情绪很差Some addicts suffer violent mood swings (= changes of mood) if deprived of the drug. 一些吸毒成瘾的人一旦没有毒品就会出现情绪的激烈波动。Im just not in the mood for a party tonight. 我今晚就是没心情参加聚会。He was in no mood for being polite to visitors. 他当时没心思以礼待客。2. C a period of being angry or impatient 坏心境；坏脾气 I wonder why hes in such a mood today. 我不知道他为什么今天脾气这么坏。She was in one of her moods (= one of her regular periods of being angry or impatient) . 她又闹情绪了。3. sing. the way a group of people feel about sth; the atmosphere in a place or among a group of people 气氛；氛围 The mood of the meeting was distinctly pessimistic. 这次会议的气氛显然很悲观。The movie captures the mood of the interwar years perfectly. 这部电影恰如其分地捕捉到了两次世界大战中间这些年的氛围。4. C (grammar 语法) any of the sets of verb forms that show whether what is said or written is certain, possible, necessary, etc. 表达语气的动词屈折变化 5. C (grammar 语法) one of the categories of verb use that expresses facts, orders, questions, wishes or conditions （动词的）语气 the indicative/imperative/subjunctive mood 陈述/祈使/虚拟语气static/sttk / adj.1. not moving, changing or developing 静止的；静态的；停滞的 Prices on the stock market, which have been static, are now rising again. 股市价格一直停滞不动，现在又在上涨了。a static population level 稳定的人口水平2. (physics 物) (of a force 力 )acting as a weight but not producing movement 静力的 static pressure 静压 OPP dynamic noun U 1. noise or other effects that disturb radio or television signals and are caused by particular conditions in the atmosphere 天电（干扰） 2. (also static electricity ) electricity that gathers on or in an object which is not a conductor of electricity 静电 My hair gets full of static when I brush it. 我梳头时头发就有好多静电。3. statics the science that deals with the forces that balance each other to keep objects in a state of rest 静力学 compare dynamic n. (2) 4. (NAmE) (informal) angry or critical comments or behaviour 抨击；指责；愤慨senator/sent(r) / noun often Senator (abbr. Sen.) a member of a senate 参议员 Senator McCarthy 麦卡锡参议员He has served as a Democratic senator for Texas since 2000. 自2000年以来，他一直是得克萨斯州的民主党参议员。DER收起senatorial /sent:ril / (adj.) only before noun a senatorial candidate 参议员候选人senate/sent / noun usually the Senate 1. sing. one of the two groups of elected politicians who make laws in some countries, for example in the US, Australia, Canada and France. The Senate is smaller than the other group but higher in rank. Many state parliaments in the US also have a Senate. 参议院（美国、澳大利亚、加拿大、法国等国家的两个立法机构之一；美国许多州议会也设有参议院） a member of the Senate 参议员a Senate committee 参议院委员会 compare Congress国会 House of Representatives 众议院2. C, usually sing., U (in some countries) the group of people who control a university （某些国家的）大学理事会，大学评议会 the senate of London University伦敦大学评议会3. sing. (in ancient Rome) the most important council of the government; the building where the council met （古罗马的）元老院hobby/hbi; NAmE h:bi / noun(pl. -ies ) an activity that you do for pleasure when you are not working 业余爱好 Her hobbies include swimming and gardening. 她爱好游泳和园艺。I only play jazz as a hobby. 我弹奏爵士乐只是一种业余爱好。 note at interest SYNONYMS 同义词辨析hobbygame pastime interestThese are all words for activities that you do for pleasure in your spare time. 以上各词均涉及闲暇活动。interest an activity or subject that you do or study for pleasure in your spare time指业余爱好（活动或科目）：Her main interests are music and gardening.她的主要爱好是音乐和园艺。hobby an activity that you do for pleasure in your spare time指业余爱好（活动）：His hobbies include swimming and cooking.他爱好游泳和烹饪。game a childrens activity when they play with toys, pretend to be sb else, etc.; an activity that you do to have fun指儿童游戏、玩耍、娱乐：a game of cops and robbers警察抓强盗的游戏 He was playing games with the dog.他在逗狗玩。pastime an activity that people do for pleasure in their spare time指消遣、休闲活动：Eating out is the national pastime in France.在法国，下馆子是全国人普遍的消遣活动。interest, hobby or pastime?用 interest、hobby 还是 pastime？ A hobby is often more active than an interest.hobby 常较 interest 主动、积极：His main hobby is football (= he plays football).他的主要业余爱好是踢足球（他踢足球）。His main interest is football (= he watches and reads about football, and may or may not play it).他的主要业余爱好是足球（他看足球赛和阅读有关足球的消息，但不一定踢足球）。Pastime is used when talking about people in general; when you are talking about yourself or an individual person it is more usual to use interest or hobby.pastime 泛指一般人的消遣活动，指自己或个人的业余爱好较常用 interest 或 hobby：(错)Eating out is the national interest/hobby in France.(错)Do you have any pastimes?PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONSa popular interest/hobby/pastimeDo you have any interests/hobbies?to take up/pursue a(n) interest/hobbyto do sth as a hobbylad/ld / noun1. C (old-fashioned) or (informal) (BrE) a boy or young man 男孩儿；少年；男青年；小伙子 Things have changed since I was a lad. 从我幼时至今，一切都发生了变化。Hes a nice lad. 他是个好小伙子。 compare lass 2. the lads pl. (BrE) (informal) a group of friends that a man works with or spends free time with 伙伴；哥们儿 to go to the pub with the lads 与伙伴一起去酒吧3. C, usually sing. (BrE) (informal) a lively young man, especially one who is very interested in women and having sex, drinks a lot of alcohol and enjoys sport （精力旺盛的）放荡小伙子 Tony was a bit of a lad always had an eye for the women. 托尼这小子真是个花花公子总是很会欣赏女人。 see also laddish 4. C (BrE) a person who works in a stable 马夫；马倌 see also stable boyequip/kwp / verb (-pp- ) yourself/sb/sth (with sth) (for sth) 1. VN to provide yourself/sb/sth with the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity 配备；装备 SYN kit out to be fully/poorly equipped 装备齐全/简陋She got a bank loan to rent and equip a small workshop. 她取得一笔银行贷款来租用和装备一个小车间。He equipped himself with a street plan. 他随身带着一张街道平面图。The centre is well equipped for canoeing and mountaineering. 本中心有齐全的划船和登山设备。2. to prepare sb for an activity or task, especially by teaching them what they need to know 使有所准备；使有能力 VN The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing. 此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。also VN to infequipment/kwpmnt / noun U 1. the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity 设备；器材 a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen 一件有用的厨房设备office equipment 办公室设备new equipment for the sports club 体育俱乐部的新器材2. the process of providing a place or person with necessary things 配备；装备 The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive. 这个摄影室的装备花费巨大。SYNONYMS 同义词辨析equipmentmaterial gear kit apparatusThese are all words for the things that you need for a particular purpose or activity. 以上各词均指特定目的或活动所需的材料、设备、器材。equipment the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity指特定目的或活动所需的设备、器材：camping equipment 野营装备a piece of equipment 一件设备material things that are needed for a particular activity指特定活动所需的材料：household cleaning materials 家用清洁剂teaching material教学材料equipment or material?用 equipment 还是 material？Equipment is usually solid things, especially large ones. Materials may be liquids, powders or books, CDs, etc. containing information, as well as small solid items.equipment 通常指固体材料，尤其是大型设备器材； material 除可指小型固体材料外，还可指液体、粉状材料、书籍、信息光盘等。gear the equipment or clothes needed for a particular activity指某种活动所需的设备、用具、衣服：Skiing gear can be expensive.滑雪用具有时会很昂贵。kit a set of tools or equipment that you use for a particular purpose指用于特定目的的成套工具、成套设备：a first-aid kit一套急救用品a tool kit一套工具apparatus the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task指特定活动或任务所需的仪器、器械、装置：breathing apparatus for firefighters消防员用的呼吸器laboratory apparatus实验室仪器equipment or apparatus? 用 equipment 还是 apparatus？Apparatus is used especially for scientific, medical or technical purposes.apparatus 尤作科学、医学或技术等方面的用途。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONSsports/skiing/camping equipment/gear/kithousehold equipment/materialselectrical/electronic equipment/gear/apparatusmedical/breathing equipment/apparatusa piece of equipment/apparatusVOCABULARY BUILDING 词汇扩充objects you can use可以使用的物体It is useful to know some general words to help you describe objects, especially if you do not know the name of a particular object.有些一般性词汇可用于描述物体，尤其是不知道名称的东西。A device is something that has been designed to do a particular job. device 指为特定用途设计的装置、器具、器械：There is a new device for cars that warns drivers of traffic jams ahead.有一种新的汽车装置可提醒司机前面有交通堵塞。A gadget is a small object that does something useful, but is not really necessary. gadget 指有用、但不一定必需的小器具、小装置：His kitchen is full of gadgets he never uses.他厨房里到处是他从不使用的小器具。An instrument is used especially for delicate or scientific work. instrument 尤指做精密或科学工作的仪器、器械、器具：What do you call the instrument that measures temperature? A thermometer.“测量温度的仪器叫什么？”“温度计。”A tool is something that you use for making and repairing things. tool 指制造或修理用的工具、用具：Have you got one of those tools for turning screws? Do you mean a screwdriver?“你有拧螺丝钉的工具吗？”“你是指螺丝刀吗？”A machine has moving parts and is used for a particular job. It usually stands on its own. machine 指有特定用途的机器，通常为独立设备：Whats a blender? Its an electric machine for mixing soft food or liquid.“搅拌器是什么？”“搅和软食物或液汁的电动机器。”An appliance is a large machine that you use in the house, such as a washing machine.appliance 指大型家用机器，如洗衣机。Equipment means all the things you need for a particular activity. equipment 统称某项活动所需的设备、装备：climbing equipment攀登用装备Apparatus means all the tools, machines or equipment that you need for something. apparatus 统称做某事所用的设备、用具、器械、装置：firefighters wearing breathing apparatus戴着呼吸装置的消防人员frown/fran / verb (at sb/sth) to make a serious, angry or worried expression by bringing your eyebrows closer together so that lines appear on your forehead 皱眉；蹙额 V What are you frowning at me for? 你为什么朝我皱眉头？She frowned with concentration. 她全神贯注，紧锁双眉。also V speech PHR V frown on/upon sb/sth(to disapprove of sb/sth) 不赞成；不同意；不许可 In her family, any expression of feeling was frowned upon. 她家里对任何感情的流露都不以为然。nounusually sing. a serious, angry or worried expression on a persons face that causes lines on their forehead 皱眉；蹙额 She looked up with a puzzled frown on her face. 她抬头望着，满脸困惑，双眉紧锁。a slight frown of disapproval/concentration, etc. 略显不赞成的脸色、全神贯注地微皱眉头等VOCABULARY BUILDING 词汇扩充expressions on your face面部表情To beam is to have a big happy smile on your face.beam 指笑逐颜开。To frown is to make a serious, angry or worried expression by bringing your eyebrows closer together so that lines appear on your forehead.frown 指皱眉、蹙额。To glare or glower is to look in an angry, aggressive way.glare 和 glower 指怒目而视、咄咄逼人地瞪眼。To grimace is to make an ugly expression with your face to show pain, disgust, etc.grimace 指因痛苦、厌恶等扭曲着脸。To scowl is to look at someone in an angry or annoyed way.scowl 指怒视。To smirk is to smile in a silly or unpleasant way that shows that you are pleased with yourself, know something that other people do not know, etc.smirk 指傻笑、得意地笑以示自鸣得意、知他人所不知等。To sneer is to show that you have no respect for someone by turning your upper lip upwards.sneer 指翘起上唇嗤笑、讥笑以示轻蔑。These words can also be used as nouns. 以上各词亦可作名词：She looked up with a puzzled frown.她困惑地皱着眉抬头看。He gave me an icy glare.他冷冰冰地怒视着我。a grimace of pain痛得扭曲的脸brown/bran / adj. (browner, brownest ) 1. having the colour of earth or coffee 棕色的；褐色的 brown eyes 褐色的眼睛brown bread 黑面包dark brown shoe polish 深棕色鞋油a package wrapped in brown paper 用牛皮纸包扎的包裹2. having skin that is naturally brown or has been made brown by the sun （皮肤）棕色的，被晒黑的 (BrE) I dont go brown very easily. 我不容易晒黑。After the summer in Spain, the children were brown as berries . 在西班牙度过了一个夏天之后，孩子们晒得黝黑。IDM in a brown study (old-fashioned) (BrE) thinking deeply so that you do not notice what is happening around you 出神；沉思默想（以致没注意到周围情况） nounU, C the colour of earth or coffee 棕色；褐色 leaves of various shades of brown 深浅不一的棕色叶子Brown doesnt (= brown clothes do not) suit you. 你不适合穿棕色衣服。Verb to become brown; to make sth brown （使）变成棕色，成褐色 V Heat the butter until it browns. 把黄油加热，使之呈棕色。The grass was browning in patches. 草地一片片地变成褐色。VN Brown the onions before adding the meat. 把洋葱炒成褐色，然后放进肉。IDM browned off (with sb/sth) (BrE) (informal) bored, unhappy and/or annoyed （对某人）厌倦，不快，烦恼 SYN fed up By now the passengers were getting browned off with the delay. 此时乘客们对延误已开始感到不满。fasten/f:sn; NAmE fsn / verb1. (sth) (up) to close or join together the two parts of sth; to become closed or joined together （使两部分）系牢，扎牢，结牢，扣紧 SYN do up VN Fasten your seatbelts, please. 请系好安全带。He fastened up his coat and hurried out. 他扣好大衣就匆匆出去了。V The dress fastens at the back. 这件连衣裙是在后背系扣的。 OPP unfasten 2. to close sth firmly so that it will not open; to be closed in this way （使）关紧，盖好 VN Fasten the gates securely so that they do not blow open. 把大门闩好以免被风吹开。V The window wouldnt fasten. 这扇窗子关不严。 OPP unfasten 3. VN, adv./prep. to fix or place sth in a particular position, so that it will not move 使牢固；使固定 He fastened back the shutters. 他把活动护窗拉开系紧。4. VN A to B, A and B (together) to attach or tie one thing to another thing （使两物）系牢，扎牢，结牢，扣牢 He fastened the papers together with a paper clip. 他用回形针别好了文件。5. if you fasten your arms around sb, your teeth into sth, etc., or if your arms, teeth, etc. fasten around, into, etc. sb/sth, you hold the person/thing firmly with your arms, etc. 握住；抓牢；咬住 VN The dog fastened its teeth in his leg. 狗死死咬着他的腿。V His hand fastened on her arm. 他用手牢牢抓住她的胳膊。6. if you fasten your eyes on sb/sth or your eyes fasten on sb/sth, you look at them for a long time 盯住 VN He fastened his gaze on her face. 他盯着她的脸。also V PHR V fasten on(to) sb/sth(to choose or follow sb/sth in a determined way )抓住；对锲而不舍；坚决跟随；纠缠 SYN latch on to sb/sthsoftware/sftwe(r); NAmE s:ftwer / nounU the programs, etc. used to operate a computer 软件 application/system software 应用/系统软件design/educational/music-sharing, etc. software 设计、教育、音乐共享等软件to install/run a piece of software 安装/运行一个软件Will the software run on my machine? 这个软件在我的机器上能用吗？ compare hardware (1)stir/st:(r) / verb (-rr- ) mix 使混合 1. VN sth (into sth), sth (in) to move a liquid or substance around, using a spoon or sth similar, in order to mix it thoroughly 搅动；搅和；搅拌 She stirred her tea. 她搅了搅茶。The vegetables are stirred into the rice while it is hot. 趁米饭热时把蔬菜拌进去。Stir in the milk until the sauce thickens. 把牛奶搅进去，直到酱汁变稠为止。 note at mix move 移动 2. to move, or to make sth move, slightly （使）微动 V She heard the baby stir in the next room. 她听见婴儿在隔壁动弹。VN A slight breeze was stirring the branches. 微风吹动着树枝。A noise stirred me from sleep. 响声把我从睡梦中惊醒。3. to move, or to make sb move, in order to do sth （使）行动，活动 V You havent stirred from that chair all evening! 你坐在那把椅子上一晚上没动了！VN Come on, stir yourself. Youre late! 快，快走吧。你要迟到了！Their complaints have finally stirred him into action. 他们的抱怨最终促使他采取了行动。feelings 感觉 4. VN sb (to sth) to make sb excited or make them feel sth strongly 打动；激发 a book that really stirs the imagination 很能激发人的想象力的书She was stirred by his sad story. 他那悲惨的故事打动了她。5. V (of a feeling or a mood 感情或情绪 )to begin to be felt 开始感到；逐渐产生；萌动；被唤起 A feeling of guilt began to stir in her. 她心里渐渐生出了内疚感。cause trouble 引起麻烦 6. (BrE) (informal) (disapproving) to try to cause trouble 拨弄是非 VN Youre just stirring it ! 你这不是搬弄是非吗！also V see also stirrer IDM stir the blood (to make sb excited )使人兴奋；激起热情 stir your stumps (old-fashioned) (BrE) (informal) (to begin to move; to hurry) 起身走；赶快 PHR V stir sbup(to encourage sb to do sth; to make sb feel they must do sth)激励；鼓动 stir sthup1. to make people feel strong emotions 激起（感情） to stir up hatred 激起仇恨2. to try to cause arguments or problems 挑起，煽动（争执或事端） to stir up a debate 挑起争论Whenever hes around, he always manages to stir up trouble . 什么时候只要有他在，他就总要挑起点事来。Weve got enough problems without you trying to stir things up . 我们麻烦事已经够多的了，你就别再挑拨是非了。3. to make sth move around in water or air （水或空气中）搅起；吹起 The wind stirred up a lot of dust. 风吹起大量尘土。noun1. sing. excitement, anger or shock that is felt by a number of people （一些人感到的）激动，愤怒，震动 SYN commotion Her resignation caused quite a stir . 她的辞职引起很大震动。2. C, usually