名词性从句讲解与练习.docx

Module 9 Unit 2 Grammar and usageOverview of noun clausesI. Introduction 1. Definition of noun clauses Noun clauses _ _. 2.Tell whether there are noun clauses among the following sentences and tell what noun clauses they are.1) China is no longer what it used to be. ( ) 2) The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all. ( )3) How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. ( ) 4) The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. ( ) 5) The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. ( ) 6) That is where Lu Xun used to live. ( ) 7) He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. ( ) 8) Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? ( ) 9) I wonder why she refused my invitation. ( ) II. The points that should be paid attention to when noun clauses are used The words that can introduce noun clauses. 1) 连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义,在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2) 连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3) 连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 whether 与if 区别 1）whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。 2) 后面直接跟ornot时用whether。 3) 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether。Practice: Fill in the blanks with proper conjunctions. 1)_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather 2) _ he said at the meeting surprised us greatly 3) Can you tell me _ that woman is？ 4) I wonder _ we can do with the problem of pollution 5) The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all 6) Can you tell me _ exercise is the easiest of the exercises? 7) The reason why he has been such a success is _ he never gives up 8) The question he asked was _ the electrical equipment should be stored 9) _ is troubling me is I dont have any experience in this kind of work 10) _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences between countries 11) Italldependson_theywillcomeback.12) _themeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet. who / whoever，what / whatever 等的区别(A) whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑问意义。whatever=anything that; whoever=anyone who what/ who 引导名词性从句, 在从句中表疑问. 一般说来，what / who 等含特指意义，而 whatever，whoever 等含泛指意义。例如：(B) Practice: Fill in the blanks with proper words.1) _breakstherulemustbepunished. 2) Youcanchoose_youlikeintheshop.3) Here is the dress. This is _ I have been dreaming of. 4) _ will take the position is still under discussion. 5) The prize will be given to _win the first place in the speech contest. 从句的语序应用陈述语序。 .1） These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how our village looks like D. how does our village look like 2）_ is the most useful invention? A. Do you think which of these B. Which of these do you think C. Which of these you think D. You think which of these用it作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句,主语从句或宾语从句放在句末。 it 作为形式主语时常用于以下句型: (A)It+ be + adj. (clear/certain/likely/true/surprising )+that (B)It+be + n +( apity/shame/goodidea/nowonder)+that. (C)It+be+-ed (said/reported/believed/known/thought/suggested)+that（D It+不及物动词(seems/ appears/ happens/ turns out +that It occurred to sb. + that 特别注意: It is suggested / required /+ that +S+(should) + do It is natural / strange / necessary/ important + that + S + (should) + do _ is known to us that Xin Jiang is abundant in natural resources. 比较: _is known to us, Xin Jiang is abundant in natural resources. _is known to us is that Xin Jiang is abundant in natural resources. it 作为形式宾语常用于以下句型: (A) S+ find/ think/ feel/ consider/ make + it +adj./ n. + that (B) S+ like/dislike/ love/ hate + it + when .(C) S + appreciate + it + if.(D) Keep it in mind that owe it to sb. that Practice: Translate the following sentences1) We had been training very hard. We thought_(我们赢得这场比赛是肯定的). _(结果我们差两分输了比赛)2) _(我们认为帮助别人是我们的职责.)_(真奇怪他要拒绝我们的帮助).3) _(我讨厌别人在公共场合大声讲话.)_(打扰别人是可耻的 )4) _(好像你现在很忙), but_(你能给我抽出5分钟时间我会很感激.)5) _(据要求Jack要参加我们的讨论 ) but_(碰巧他生病了)。 主语从句使用时应注意: “主谓一致” (A)主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式. (B) What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Practice: Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the verbs in the brackets. 1) What he wants _( be) these books. 2) What he wants _(be) some water. 3) Whether he will go abroad for further study _(not decide). 4) When and where the meeting will be held _(not know). 5) When we will work out a new plan and how it will be carried out _(not know). 宾语从句使用时应注意以下: (A) 宾语从句可以放在及物动词,介词或形容词之后 1) Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. （ ） 2) I am afraid that I cant accept your offer. ( ) 3）At last they reached what they called the new world. ( ) (B) 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省(C) 在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。(D) 宾语从句中的“时态呼应”(E) 若主句谓语动词为think,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。(F) think, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suggest 等动词后接疑问词引导的宾语从句的结构为:疑问词 + do/ did you + think/ suppose/ believe / expect/ guess/ imagine + 从句? Practice: 1.Translation1)_( 你认为会议将在哪儿举行?) 2) _(你估计他发生了什么事?) 3) _(你建议谁执行这命令?)2. Multiple choices 1) The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four-fifth of the tickets_.A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked2) We were all surprised when he made it clear he _ office soon.A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left3) I dont think you could have been used to the quick pace of life while studying in the USA, _you?_. I thought of returning to our country at one time.A. had; Yes B. do; Yes C. have; No D. were; No4) These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost5) Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you表语从句使用时应注意以下: (A) 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句,宾语从句的关联词大致一样,还可以是 because, as if/as though It looks as if it is going to rain. At that time I worked day and night. That was because we were in need of money.(B) 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus. 同位语从句使用时应注意以下: (A) fact, truth, saying, promise, conclusion, belief, decision, news, word 等抽象名词后接that 引导的同位语从句,从句表示前面的名词的内容. (B)advice, suggestion, requirement, proposal 等名词后接that引导的同位语从句,从句的谓语动词为 should+ do. （C）idea, question, problem 等名词后接that 或疑问词引导的同位语从句,从句表示名词的内容. (D) 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略） Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略） Consolidation practice; 1）It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. what2) Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. which B. thatC. whatever D. all what3) These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.A. which B. thatC. whatever D. all what4) _ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame.A. AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those who D. Those5) He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A. that B. if C. what D. that if6) They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what7) I hate _ when people talk with their mouths fullA. it B. That C. these D. them 8) I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 9) It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor10)- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.- _ it made me nearly mad.A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break11) The question is _the film is worth seeing.A. if B. what C. whether D. how 12) They received orders _ the work be done at once.A .which B. when C. / D .that 13) The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 14) It matters little _ a ma