(9年级英语)定语从句讲解和习题练习.doc

初中定语从句讲解及练习 Bindiya一定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。（定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主语的全部内容。）二定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分三定语从句例句（1）The boys who are playing football are from Class One.（2）Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)（3）This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）（4） The reason why / for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.（5）Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。（6）Ill never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与 你共事的日子。(when用作状语)四请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 2. You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 3. I have some ideas that may help. 4. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 5. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?6. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 7. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 答案：1. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 2. You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 3. I have some ideas that may help. 4. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 5. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?6. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 7. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 五定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择1. 明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用关系代词which , that , who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语关系副词when , where, why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语2. 分析句子结构，明确句法成分关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等六关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?（注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。）八用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man _ wants to see you.2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _ you went to see has come.4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man _was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _ is on the table is mine.16. The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?19. Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.答案：1. This is the man _that who _ wants to see you.2. The student _ that who _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _ that who _ you went to see has come.4. The man _ that who _whom_I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _ that who whom_ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ that who whom_ you are asking about is over there.7. The person _ that who whom_ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man _ that who _was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _that which_ you lost the day before yesterday2.10. These books _that which_ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook _ that which_ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine _ that which_ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _ that which_I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book _ that which_ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _ that which_ is on the table is mine.16. The film _ that which_ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places _that_ I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone _whose_ family is in Beijing?19. Show me the boy _whose_ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy_whose_ father is a teacher is good at English.注意：1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略 A plane is a machine which / that can fly . (作主语) The dog which / that was lost has been found . (作主语) The number of people who / that lost homes reached 250,000 . Here comes the girl who / that wants to see you .2. 关系代词在句中作宾语时可省略 The noodles that / which I cooked were delicious .（作宾语） This is the book that / which I want to read . The letter that / which I received yesterday was from my father . The girl who / that we saw yesterday is Mary . Mr Li is a man whom / who / that we should lear from . Do you know the man whom / who / that is talking to ? 3. 关系代词在从句中做定语 The novel whose cover was broken blongs to me . Henery is the boy whose mother is our English teacher . I know the person whose company produces computers . This is the person whose story surprised everybody . 4. 关系代词在句中作表语时可省略（只能用that）She is not the girl that she was .只能用that的定语从句1. 先行词为不定代词all everying nothing anything little much none时或被这些词修饰时 ，关系代词只用thatAll that can be done has been done .2. 当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只用thatThis is the most beautiful park that I have visited .The Titanic is the most dangerous film that Ive ever seen .The best one that Ill choose will be you .3. 当先行词被序数词the first , the second , the last等修饰时，只用thatThe first lesson that we have learned will never be easily forgotten .This is the last class that we will have this term .4. 当先行词被the only , the very , the last修饰时，只用that( some any few much no very only )The only student that may be elected is in our class .I have no question that will be asked .There was little that interested him at the meeting .This is the very book that I am looking for .5. 当先行词既指人又指物时We often talk about the persons and things that we remember .The characters and the animals that are in the picture are very native .The train ran over a boy and his dog that were just crossing the railroad .6. 当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用thatWho is the girl that is standing there ?Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now ？Which is the hotel that you stayed at last month ?7. 当way做先行词时，关系代词可以有三种形式 that in which I dont like the way that / in which / you speak to your mother like that .8. 先行词在句中作表语Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be .三、单项选择( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 2. Whats the name of the program_. A. which are listening B. you are listening to C. to that y