高考英语 专题13 特殊句式考纲解读及热点难点试题演练.doc

专题13 特殊句式-2014年高考英语考纲解读及热点难点试题演练特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。1(2013福建，34)not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important.ahad he realized bdid he realizeche realized dhe had realized2(2013湖南，35)not once_to michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.aoccurred it bit did occurcit occurred ddid it occur3(2013江苏，27)“never for a second，”the boy says，“_that my father would come to my rescue.”ai doubted bdo i doubtci have doubted ddid i doubt4(2013江西，25)only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again.ai will speak bwill i speakcdo i speak di speak5(2013辽宁，26)at no time_the rules of the game.it was unfair to punish them.athey actually broke bdo they actually breakcdid they actually break dthey had actually broken6(2013新课标，12)only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent_properly in this hospital.acan be the patientsbcan the patients be treatedcthe patients can be treateddtreated can be the patients7(2013天津，11)it was not until near the end of the letter_she mentioned her own plan.athat bwhere cwhy dwhen8(2013新课标，10)it was only after he had read the papers_mr.gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.awhen bthat cwhich dwhat9(2013重庆，27)it was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued.awho bthat cwhen dhow10(2013湖南，30)every day_a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.aread breading cto read dreads考点1、倒装句【例1】 never before _ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as robert.ahad she bshe had chas she dshe has【例2】 only after mary read her composition the second time _ the spelling mistake.adid she notice bshe noticedcdoes she notice dshe has noticed【例3】 for a moment nothing happened.then _ all shouting together.avoices had come bcame voicescvoices would come ddid voices come答案b【变式探究】1its nice.never before _ such a special drink!im glad you like it.ai have had bi hadchave i had dhad i2 not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.adid he begin bhad he begunche began dhe had begun3little _ about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.adid rose care brose did carecrose does care ddoes rose care【归纳总结】完全倒装与部分倒装(1)完全倒装：当状语here，there，down，up，now，out，off等方位副词或介词短语in the room，on the way等置于句首时，句子全部倒装，但当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。(2)部分倒装：only修饰副词、介词短语、状语从句，且放在句首时；否定词、半否定词never，nor，neither，hardly，seldom，little等置于句首时；so/nor/neither助动词或情态动词主语，表示也(不)；soadj./adv.助动词或情态动词主语that.not only.，but also.连接句子时，not only后是主谓倒装，but also后是正常语序。考点2、强调句【例4】 it was not until i came here _ i realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.awho bthat cwhere dbefore【例5】 if you have a job，_ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.ado devote bdont devotecdevoting dnot devoting【变式探究】4 it is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _ benefits our work most.awho bwhich cthat dwhat5have you seen the film under the hawthorn tree?of course，i have.it was in our village _ it was made.athat bwhere cwhen dwhich6 it was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.awhere bthat cwhen dwhich【归纳总结】1被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who；非人时，用that。2特殊疑问词is/wasitthat/who其他部分。3含not.until.的强调句型为：it is/was not until被强调的部分that/who其他部分。4把句子中的“it is/was.that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句。5如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do，does或did。考点3、反意疑问句【例6】 there is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_？ais there bisnt there cis he disnt he【例7】 i told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，_？acould he bdidnt icdidnt you dcould they【例8】 he must be helping the old man to water the flowers，_？ais he bisnt hecmust be dmustnt he【变式探究】7you and i could hardly work together，_？acould you bcouldnt iccouldnt we dcould we8its the first time that he has been to australia，_？aisnt he bhasnt he cisnt it dhasnt it9goodbye，john.come back again sometime.sure，_.ai did bi do ci shall di will【归纳总结】反意疑问句的特殊情况(1)含must的反意疑问句。当must意为“必须”时，反意疑问部分用neednt；当mustnt为“不允许，禁止”时，反意疑问部分用must/may；当must表推测时，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据其后面的动词及其句子的时间状语确定。(2)含宾语从句的反意疑问句。反意疑问部分一般与主句保持一致，但是当主句是i think，i believe，i expect，i imagine，i suppose等时，反意疑问部分与宾语从句保持一致。考点4、主谓一致【例9】 walmart，which is one of the largest american supermarket chains，_ some of its stores open 24 hours on mondays through saturdays.akeeps bkeep chave kept dhad kept【例10】 all the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health.ashow；are bshows；are cshow；is dshows；is【例11】 the basketball coach，as well as his team，_ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.awere bwas cis dare【变式探究】10onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.ais；are bis；is care；are dare；is 11 the fact that so many people still smoke in public places _ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.asuggest bsuggests csuggested dsuggesting12why does the lake smell terrible?because large quantities of water _.ahave polluted bis being pollutedchas been polluted dhave been polluted【归纳总结】“主谓一致”三原则(1)语法一致原则主语和谓语通常在语法形式上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。(2)意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义亦用单数形式。如有些集合名词，如public，goverment，family，class，team，group等。(3)就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的人称和数常常与其邻近的名词或代词保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的有or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also，not. but等。【例1】 _ a strange plant！ive never seen it before.awhich bwhat chow dwhether【例2】 it sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._，wed better take it to the garage immediately.aotherwise bif notcbut for that dif so【例3】 _ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.ait has bthey havecit remains dthere remains【例4】 whats the matter with della?well，her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party，but she still _.ahopes to bhopes sochopes not dhopes for【变式探究】1 he shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.awhat bhow cthat dwhy2who should be responsible for the accident?the boss，not the workers.they just carried out the order _.aas told bas are toldcas telling das they told3have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?yes._，im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.aif ever bif busycif anything dif possible【归纳总结】省略(1)状语从句的省略一般说来状语从句的省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由though，although，even if，whatever等引导的让步状语从句。由as.as.，than等引导的比较状语从句。由as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句。(2)不定式的省略在特定的语境中，可单独使用不定式符号to，省略动词不定式符号to后面的内容。(3)一些特殊省略句式possible/necessary与if，when，where，whenever，wherever连用时常采用省略形式。why/why not句式。why/why not常跟动词原形，用来询问为什么或为什么不。1did linda see the traffic accident?no，no sooner _ than it happened.ahad she gone bshe had gonechas she gone dshe has gone2it was last night _ i saw the comet.athe time bwhen cthat dwhich3i dont mind her criticizing me，but _ is how