高考英语 专题01 名词考纲解读及热点难点试题演练.doc

专题01 名词-2014年高考英语考纲解读及热点难点试题演练2014年高考对名词词义辨析以及习惯搭配用法的考查将仍然是重点。 名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外，还常结合其他项目一起考查，题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现，考查要点主要包括：1考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。另外，高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。2考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。3考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。如：shelter n庇护，避难所vt.保护，躲避，避难； storm n. 暴风雨， 大动荡vi.&vt.横冲直撞， 猛攻； shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部vt.肩负，承担； trail n小径， 痕迹vt.追踪。一、名词词义辨析同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。二、名词固定搭配高考中常常借助名词的固定搭配在具体语境中的运用考查名词。解答此类试题，不仅要掌握名词的意义，体会语境，还要牢记常用的名词固定搭配。如：have/gain access to得以进入/会见/接近；take advantage of利用，趁之机；make fun of取笑，嘲弄等。三、抽象名词具体化抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前面可加不定冠词，用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作，常意为“一次的事情；一个的人；一种的东西”。如：抽象名词具体意义success成功a success成功的人或事failure失败a failure失败的人或事pleasure乐趣a pleasure令人高兴的事pity同情a pity令人遗憾的事relief宽慰 a relief令人宽慰的事beauty美，美丽a beauty美人surprise惊奇；吃惊a surprise一件意外的事concern关心a concern一件令人关切的事四、名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数形式，如a mountain village, stone houses, coffee cup，但man和woman作定语时要随着所修饰的名词的数的变化而变化。如：a woman doctor, two women doctors。五、名词的所有格4双重所有格。(1)当of短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词，如a/two/some/any/no等时，表示所有关系的of后加名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如：a friend of my brothers/his我弟弟的/他的一个朋友several students of mr. smiths/mine史密斯先生的/我的几个学生(2)当of短语所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词表示一定感情色彩时，of后也用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如：that little son of xiao lis/yours is really lovely.小李的/你的那个小儿子真可爱。this invention of the professors/his is of great importance.教授的/他的这项发明很重要。【高考回眸】1(2013湖北，21)poetry written from the_of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.aperspective bpriority cparticipation dprivilege2(2013湖北，22)carbon dioxide, which makes a_between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.adifference bcomparison cconnection dbarrier3(2013江苏，33)with inspiration from other food cultures，american food culture can take a_for the better.ashare bchance cturn dlead4(2013江西，22)whenever i made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with _.acuriosity bsatisfactioncenvy dpatience5(2013辽宁，23)the accident caused some_to my car，but its nothing serious.aharm binjury cruin d damage6(2013天津，7)while she was in paris，she developed a _for fine art.away brelation ctaste dhabit7(2013浙江，4)as the worlds population continues to grow，the _ of food becomes more and more of a concern.aworth bsupply cpackage dlist考点1、词义辨析【例1】 last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000，a(n) _ of 40,000 per year.aaverage bnumber camount dquantity【例2】 teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.aconsequence bindependenceccompetence dintelligence考点2、抽象名词【例3】 what do you think of the manager of your company?oh，he is _ manager whos pleasant to work with.its _ pleasure to work with him.athe；a ba；a ca；the d/；a【例4】 i find it very difficult to read _ novel you lent me last week.yes.its necessary to have _ good knowledge of history.athe；/ ba；/ cthe；a da；a难点1、专有名词【例1】 who called me this morning?_ mr.li.he asked you to visit shenzhen and said that _ shenzhen today is different from what you saw thirty years ago.a/；/ ba；/ c/；the da；the【例2】 on _ friday when tom was having an art lesson，as he had no color pencils with him，he drew _ blue sun with his pen.a/；the b/；a cthe；the da；a难点2、固定搭配【例3】 it is no _ arguing with bill because he will never change his mind.ause bhelp ctime dway【例4】 it is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.asafety bcompanychouse dfriendapower bstrength cforce denergy2the tv series of gong became popular and the theme song love the feed sung by yang mi was a _ at once and loved by young people.ashock bstrike chit dbeat3in a natural disaster，minutes and even seconds of warning can make the _ between life and death.adivision bdifference cseparation dsense4two of my friends are having their weddings on the same day，and im in a real _ about which one to go to.asituation bchoice ctrick ddilemma5if you dont work hard，it will be of no _ for others to help you.asympathy bsignificancecrelation dsign6i sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an _ of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.aattitude bimpressioncappreciation dexpression7_ material used for running tracks in schools across china may be _ danger to childrens health.a/；a bthe；a c/；the dthe；the8could you tell me the way to _ johnsons，please?sorry，we dont have _ johnson here in the village.athe；the bthe；a c/；the dthe；/9