组培重点 英文 老师总结.doc

Microstructure, ultrastructure and function光镜结构，电镜结构和功能Epithelial Tissue上皮组织：simple squamous epithelium单层扁平上皮（Endothelium内皮，Mesothelium间皮）Simple cuboidal epithelium，Simple columnar epithelium，Pseudostratified ciliated columnar，Stratified squamous epithelium（Nonkeratinised未角质化/ Keratinised），Transitional epitheliumFree surface游离面：Microvilli微绒毛，Cilium纤毛lateral surface侧面：Tight junction，Intermediate junction，Desmosome ，Gap junctionbasal surface基底面：Basement membrane，Plasma membrane infolding质膜内褶，Hemi-desmosome半桥粒Loose Connective tissue: fibroblast成纤维细胞，macrophage巨噬细胞，plasma cell浆细胞，mast cell肥大细胞；fat cell，undifferentiated mesenchymal cell 未分化的间充质细胞，leukocyte白细胞Collagenous fiber胶原纤维，Elastic fiber弹性纤维，Reticular fiber网状纤维（argyrophilic fiber嗜银纤维）hyaline cartilage透明软骨 Bone骨：Osteoprogenitor cell骨祖细胞, Osteoblast成骨细胞，Osteocyte骨细胞, Osteoclast破骨细胞Compact bone骨密质：Circumferential lamellae环骨板，Osteon骨单位 (Haversian system) ，Interstitial lamellae间骨板Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell, RBC)红细胞，Reticulocytes网织红细胞Leukocyte (White Blood Cell, RBC)白细胞Neutrophil中性粒细胞，Eosinophil，basophil，lymphocyte，monocyte，Blood platelet (Thrombocyte)血小板skeletal muscle骨骼肌, cardiac muscle心肌, and smooth muscle平滑肌Sarcomere肌节，Triad三联体，Intercalated disc闰盘 Neuron神经元：Nissl body尼氏体，Neurofibril神经原纤维Chemical synapse化学性突触，Neuroglial cell 神经胶质细胞(glial cell)，Myelinated nerve fiber有髓神经纤维Nerve Ending神经末梢Capillary毛细血管（continuous capillary，fenestrated capillary，sinusoidal capillary），Artery动脉，Medium-sized Artery， Large Artery， Vein静脉，Purkinje fiberMononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)单核吞噬细胞系统，Antigen-presenting cells (APC)抗原呈递细胞, Thymus胸腺：Blood thymus barrier血胸屏障，thymus corpuscle胸腺小体Lymph node淋巴结: Parenchyma: cortex: superficial cortex浅层皮质+deep cortex=paracortical zone深皮质=副皮质区+ medulla髓质lymphocyte recirculation淋巴细胞再循环, high endothelial venule高内皮微静脉Spleen脾: White pulp白髓: periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)动脉周围淋巴鞘 +splenic corpuscle脾小体Marginal zone边缘区Red pulp红随: splenic cord脾索 + splenic sinus脾窦Skin皮肤=epidermis表皮 + dermis真皮Keratinocytes 角质形成细胞Nonkeratinocytes非角质形成细胞: Melanocyte黑素细胞, Langerhans cell朗格汉斯细胞, Merkel cell梅克尔细胞Nitrogenous-hormone secreting cell分泌含氮激素细胞，Steroid-hormone secreting cells分泌类固醇激素细胞Thyroid gland甲状腺: Follicular epithelial cell滤泡上皮细胞, Parafollicular cell (C cell) 滤泡旁细胞Adrenal Gland肾上腺: Cortex: zona glomerulosa球状带+ zona fasciculata束状带+zona reticularis网状带 medullary cells髓质细胞 =chromaffin cells嗜铬细胞Hypophysis垂体:Acidophils 嗜酸性细胞，Basophils嗜碱性细胞，chromophobe cells 嫌色细胞Hypophyseal portal system垂体门脉系统, Herring body赫令体, APUD system, Diffuse Neuroendocrine System弥散的神经内分泌系统Esophagus食管: Stomach胃:fundic gland胃底腺: chief cell主细胞，壁细胞Small intestine小肠:intestinal villi肠绒毛 , intestinal glands小肠腺: Paneth cells帕内特细胞Pancrea胰腺: Exocrine portion外分泌部 + Endocrine portion (pancreas islets, islets of Langerhans) 内分泌部（胰岛）Liver肝:hepatic lobule肝小叶: -central vein中央静脉 hepatic plate肝板, liver sinusoid肝血窦, bile canaliculi胆小管, space of Disse / Perisinusoidal spaces窦周隙 Portal space门管区Trachea气管: Lung肺: Conducting portion导气部 + Respiratory portion呼吸部Clara cellstype I alveolar cells I型肺泡细胞，blood-air barrier气血屏障 + type II alveolar cells II型肺泡细胞Cornea角膜, Retina视网膜: Visual cells 视细胞(photoreceptors): rod cells and cone cells视杆细胞，视锥细胞macula luteacentral fovea 黄斑-中央凹 Crista ampullaris壶腹嵴, Macula utriculi & Macula sacculi椭圆囊斑，球囊斑, spiral organ螺旋器(Corti organ)Kidney肾: Nephron肾单位:renal corpuscle肾小体+ renal tubule肾小管：Proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管，Distal convoluted tubule远曲小管 Filtration barrier/membrane滤过屏障（滤过膜）Juxtaglomerular complex球旁复合体 Juxtaglomerular cells球旁细胞 + Macular densa 致密斑+ Extraglomerular mesangial cells球外系膜细胞Testes睾丸:seminiferous tubule 生精小管supporting cell支持细胞=Sertoli cell, testicular interstitial cell 睾丸间质细