主谓一致问题.doc

主谓一致问题主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。把握主谓一致问题，考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语单复数的认定，进而选择适当的谓语。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则很多情况下应该综合利用这三个原则来处理主谓一致，在不同情况下可能应用三个原则中的不同原则，具体应用哪种原则应该视具体情况而定。总结如下：一谓语动词用单数的情况 1动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。如：Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her.To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far. 2表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。Two weeks was too longFive times five makes twenty five 3一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数：law and order法制soap and water 肥皂水a cup and saucer茶杯碟子fork and knife 刀叉the needle and thread针线 trial and error反复尝试，不断摸索horse and carriage马车time and tide 岁月bread and butter奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮涨潮落如： If law and order not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.A. is B. are C. was d. were 答案：A。 4表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式Linguistics is a branch of study on human language. 5有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，根据意义一致原则动词用单数The chaos was stopped by the policeThe news is a great encouragement to usA series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend. 6用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候，动词谓语用单数形式Bread and butter is our daily foodTime and tide waits for no man 7family，team ， audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。The whole family are watching TV.全家人都在看电视。 8不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.孩子们都想去看电影。9 如果主语有more than one.或many a.构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student has read the book. 很多学生读过这本书。但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. 许多成员反对你的计划。10 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：glasses，clothes，trousers，shoes，compasses，chopsticks，scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of，a pair of ，a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk.桌子上有一双鞋。11 this kind of book=a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.这一种人很危险。Men of this kind are dangerous.这种类型的人很危险。12 复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. 这家玻璃厂建于1980年。The（These）glass works are near the railway station.这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。当它们前面有a,such a ，this，that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all，such，these，those修饰时，谓语用复数；但means，no means，the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。13 如果名词词组中心词是all，most，half，rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：All of my classmates like music.我的同学都喜欢音乐。All of the water is gone.所有的水都没了。二 谓语用复数情况1 由and, both and, 连接的并列主语，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.2集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词The Chinese people are brave and hardworkingThe cattle are grazing in the sunshine3当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式The Japanese were once very aggressive4某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数The rich are not always selfish5不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数Three million tons of coal were exported that year三谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况1 就近一致原则这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：1） 由连词 eitheror; neithernor; whether or;not onlybut (also) ;or 等连接的并列主语Neither money nor fame has influence on meNot only you but also he is wrong2) 在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致Blocking the open-sided porch, framed by the enveloping fog, stands a tall grave-faced policeman.Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees. Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair, there has been improvement in the facili 2 主语带有（together/along）with, such as, accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to , including, together with 等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致Professor Taylor , with six of his students ,is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations.The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. (1981年考研题)3关系代词做主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词一致。4一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括：a lot of /lots of; plenty of/heaps of; half of; two-third (three-fourth) of; eighty(ten, twenty) percent; part of; rest of ; none of 等等Two-thirds of people present are womenLots of damage was caused by the fire5集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army, audience, band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等The family is the basic unit of our societyThe family were watching the TVThe audience was enormousThe audience were greatly moved at the words 6.谓语通常用复数，在 the brave，the poor，the rich，the blind，the young，the old，the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the oppressed，the injured，the wounded，the unemployed等谓语通常用复数，；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：The blind study in special schools.盲人在特殊的学校学习。这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man，person或表示人的单数名词连用，如：an old man，a rich person，the(a)wounded soldier。7.从句作主语1) 由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，如：What we need is more time.我们所需要的是更多的时间。What we need are doctors.我们所需要的是医生。2) 在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.这是讲过的最有趣的故事之一。但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：She was the only one of the girls who was late.她是惟一一位迟到的女生。3) 关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Those who want to go please put up your hands.想去的请举手。Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。4) 疑问代词who，what，which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.谁住在隔壁？是小刘。What produce(s) heat? 什么产生热量？8某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：第一组：a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数 a number of + 可数名词复数谓语用复数the majority of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数第二组；the number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数 each/every + 可数名词复数 谓语用单数neither/either of + 可数名词复数谓语用单数 one and a half + 可数名词复数谓语用单数One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌子上有一个半香蕉。第三组；more than one + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数many a + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数第四组；the greater part of a large proportion of 50% of one third of plenty of the rest of谓语的数与of 后面的名词一致 第五组； (n)either(n)or. not only. but also not .but 谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即(n)or/ but also/ but引导的后面部分）一致.注意比较：More students than one have been referred toMore than one student is going to buy this book 第六组 a great deal of ，a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数；(large)quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，如：Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.大量的食物在桌子上。Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.大量的钱花在了这座桥上。第七组 分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large quantity of，a heap of，heaps of，half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，如：About threefourths of the earths surface is covered with water.地球的四分之三被水覆盖。Threefifths of the workers here are women.这个地方五分之三的工人是妇女。和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”，但是“the number of+名词”的中心词却是number，试比较：A number of students have gone home.许多学生都回家了。The number of pages in this book is two hundred.这本书中的页码是二百。1.(2010高考英语四川卷,15)Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however，some difficult to understandAare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis：are2.(2010高考英语陕西卷,24)It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built3.(2010高考英语江苏卷,33)-Is everyone here? -Not yetLook , there_ the rest of our guests! A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming4.(2010高考英语湖南卷,33)Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have1. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south, the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are/is B. are/areC. is/are D. are2. Half of the workers here _ under 30 _. A. is/years B. are/year old C. is/years old D. are/years of age3. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground. A. play B. are playingC. plays D. is playing4. The number of pages in this dictionary _ about two thousand. A. are B. hasC. have D. is5. Thirty dollars _ too expensive. A. are B. is C. were D. be6. The audience _ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. A. is B. are C. was D. has7. The secretary and principal _ at the meeting now. A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech8. If anybody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor. A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/their C. will buy the book/ones D. wants to have the book bought/her9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room. A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left10. Having arrived at the station, _. A. it was found that the train had left B. the train had left C. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left11. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower. A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand12. Either of you _ going there tonight. A. will B. was C. is D. are13. You as well _ right. A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are14. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was15. -Shall I wait here for three hours?-Yes. Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor. A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for you C. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _ at the meeting. A. have not discussed B. have not been discussed C. has not discussed D. has not been discussed17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _ very important for me to make further research in this field. A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are18. Every student and every teacher _. A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting19. Three fourths of the bread _ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _ left on the table. A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was20. This pair of shoes _. A. is her B. is hersC. are hers D. are her 21.There _ no life on the moon.A.is said to have B. are said to have C.is said to be D.are said to be 22.A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill A.sheep; grass; leaves B.sheeps grasses leaves C.sheep;grass leaf D.sheeps grass leafs 23.My family raise a lot of _, including two_.A.cattles cows B.cows cattle C.cattle cows D.cow, cattles 24.What he says and what he does_.A.does not agree B.do not agree C.does not agree with D.not agree 25.The boy and the girl each _ toys.A. have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own 26.She is the only one among the _ writers who _stories for children.A.woman, writes B.women write C.women writes D.woman write 27.The railway station is _from our school.A.two hours drive B.two hours drive C.two hour drive D.two hours drive 28.Mike and Johns _.A.father is a teacher B.fathers are teachers C.father are teachers D.fathers are teacher 29.A great deal of talking and listening that _ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless.A.is occurred B.are occurred C.occurs D.occur 30._ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A.Either the offices or B.The offices and C.Both the office and D.The office and 31.Three-fourths of the homework _today.A. has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished 32.More than 60 percent of the worlds radio programmes _in England.A.is B.was C.are D.be 33. _work has been done to improve the peoples living standardA.A great deal of B.A great many C.A large number of D.Many 34.The rest of the magazines _ within half an hour.A.is sold out B.are sold out C.was sold out D.were sold out 35.There _ a lot of sugar in the jar.A. has B.have C.is D.are 36. “All _present and all _going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is B.are, are C.are is D.is ar