高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句.doc

高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句一、定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词that引导可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）不能替代只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。请看下面例句的不同含义：限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)三、关系代词的用法区分1.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分只能使用that的情况：（1）当先行词即有人又有物时。eg. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.（2）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。eg. This is the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.（3）当先行词所在句子含疑问词who，which时。eg. Which is the book that you bought yesterday？（4）当先行词被the very, the right, the next, the only 等强调词修饰时。eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.（5）当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。eg. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?或当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等不定代修饰时。 eg. I have some books that are very good.只能使用which的情况。（1）非限制性定语从句中。eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.（2）在介词之后。eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.2. 修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。1).先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时，宜用who;One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to say truth.2）在There be开头的句字中，宜用 who；There are many people who are against him.3)先行词指人，且关系代词前有介词时，只用whom;She is the girl with whom I went there. 比较She is the girl whom / who/ that I met at the party.3.whose是代词的所有格，可指人也可指物,但有时只能用of which或of whom。（1）I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.（2）She lives in a room，of which the windows face south.四、定语从句考点热点1 关系代词与关系副词的选用有二步：找对先行词，看准从句 判断先行词在从句中做什么成分(1) Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old_ they swam in the river.(2) The days are gone forever_ the Chinese people are looked down upon.(3) Ill never forget the days_ we visited Beijing.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.(4) This is the office_ he worked.This is the office _ he worked inThis is the office in _ he worked(5) The reason _ he was late for school is that his car broke down.The reason _ he told me about his being late for school is that his car broke down.(6) Do you have anything to say for yourself ?Yes, there is one point _I must insist on. The noise from the karaoke is coming to a point _ we cant put up with it.热点2 where引导的定语从句先行词在从句中作地点状语时，用关系副词where,也可以用介词+关系代词.当先行词为point, case, situation, position, stage, degree等且在从句做地点状语时，用where.Today we will discuss a number of cases _- beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 2007陕西20Some preschool children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. 2007全国22All the neighbors admire the family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend 2008安徽26热点3 whose引导的定语从句先行词在从句中作定语, 先行词既可指人也可指物.Whose后肯定有它所修饰的名词.Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, _ days are limited, is full of difficulties. 2008安徽六校高三联考A. whose B. that C. its D. whomI visited the scientist _ name is known all over the world .A. whose B. that C. its D. whom热点4 介词+关系代词该用哪个介词 ：根据介词与先行词的搭配. 根据介词与定语从句谓语动词的搭配. 根据定语从句的意思.He was educated at the local high school, _he went to being university.A. after which B. after that C. in which. D .in thatI saw a woman running toward me in the dark. before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come.A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from whichAs soon as you get home from school, think about the order you will do your homework assignments and how much time you will spend on each one.A. of which B. at which C .through which D. in which热点5 as引导的定语从句As可引导限制性定语从句，特别是当先行词前有such, so ,the same 来修饰时.注意：such/so that与such/so asAs引导非限制性定语从句是，常代表整个句子.(1) The man showed us so heavy a stone _no one can lift.A. that Bas C. which D. and(2) The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no one can lift _.A. that; it B. as; it C. which; that D. that; which热点6 代表整个句子的关系代词有as和which 区别：as引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前又可在主句后，有时还可插在主句中， 而which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能置于主句之后。as常常有“正如,如同”之意, 而which无此意。 _ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. it B. that C .as D. which(2) He didnt study hard and failed to pass the exam,_ made his parents disappointed.A. it B. that C. as D. which热点7 定语从句与名词性从句定语从句与同位语从句之别：定语从句的先行词即名词或代词在从句中做成分，且从句对此词起修饰限制的作用，同位语从句解释说明的那个名词在从句中不做成分.The news _he told me is true.The news _he was elected president is true._we all know, he has been admitted into Qinghai university._is known to us all, he has been admitted into Qinghai university._is known to us all that he has been admitted into Qinghai university._is known to us all is that he has been admitted into Qinghai university.热点8 定语从句与强调句型Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm _we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where It was in the park they first met the couple separated.A. that; that B. which; that C. where; that D. that; where热点9 定语从句与并列句In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals,12 of _ were won by women.In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, and 12 of _ were won by women.五、高考真题【2012全国卷II】That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. thatB. whichC. what D. when【2012安徽】A lot of language learning, has been discovered, ishappening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this【2012重庆】Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where【2012北京】When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【2012福建】The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what【2012陕西】It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what【2012山东】Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series.A. them B. that C. which D. what【2012湖南】Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which【2012天津】I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far.A. who B. whose C. whom D. which【2012江西】By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. which B. when C. what D. that【2012四川】In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them【2012浙江】We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 【2012浙江】Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D.