外文翻译--CNC系统的功能

CNC系统的功能fanuc系统 高可靠的BEIJING-FANUC数控系统/2BEIJING-FANUC0系统CNC单元的硬件结构/3显示/4PMC控制/5进给伺服驱动/./6主轴驱动/7RS-232C口及数据通讯/8调机、维护与故障诊断/9系统的功能/ 数控机床应能长期连续加工，其数控系统必须能够长期无故障连续运行。为保证机床长期可靠地运行,数控系统必须有抵抗恶劣环境的高可靠运行特性。常年的工作考验证明BEIJING-FANUC 0系统是最可靠的数控系统之一,它能在一般车间环境下运行,其工作场地的室温为045，相对湿度75%,短时可达95%，抗震为0.5 g，电网电压波动为10%15%，经对使用中系统的实际统计,BEIJING-FANUC 0系统的故障率为0.008，比较好地满足了我国市场的要求。 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统之所以有非常高的可靠性,主要 以下 : (1)可靠的高 的元 件及 好的 工 (2) 及 的 用 电 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统 用了 通 制 的高度 的 用功能 。 (3) 动 工制 的制、元件的currency1、“、的、系统的fi、电机fl 、 、机加工、 、 的 为 动 ，”使在 中 了()的的,所以的一 性好,加了可靠性。 FANUC FANUCfiCNC单元。 (4) 好的控制件计 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统经在 地数年的运行, 了 的数据, 在件计时考 了可能 的 故障 ，加 了 保护 高可靠性的 ， 机 时的 、压、断 ，使机床运行中 故障时,系统能及时 ， 了元件的 。 (5)数 进给伺服 数 主轴驱动 数控制、数据的 行 高了运行的可靠性。主轴控制的 使用 ,使 扰。 2 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统CNC单元的硬件结构 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统的可靠性好，性能/价格比高，在 地已销售30余万台。随着 电 的发展，BEIJING-FANUC 0系统的硬件结构已经改进 次。目前销售的0-C 0-D,其硬件结构基本一样，只是控制轴数同,所 置的进给轴驱动电机同。 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统的CNC单元为 结构。基本 置有主、存储 、I/O、伺服轴控制 电 。 currency1在主上,与CPU的总相连。 (1)主 主CPU在该上。主CPU用于系统主控,原来用80386,1998年起改用80486/DX2。 ,显示的CRT控制也在该上。 (2)存储 该上有:系统的控制件ROM(共5 )。BEIJING-FANUC 0系统可控制车床(0-T系统)、铣床(镗床,钻床)及加工中心(0-M系统)、磨床(0-G系统)、床(0-P系统)。同类型的机床控制件同；伺服控制件ROM 1 ；PMC-L的ROM 2 ,用于存储机床的强电控制逻辑 序；RAM ,用于寄存CPU的中间运算数据,根据需要安。CMOS RAM,用于存储系统 机床参数、零件加工 序。根据用户要求 置,最 可为128K节。CMOS RAM与4.5 V电池相连,关机时保存息。 (3)I/O 该是CNC单元与机床强电柜的口。收或24 V直, PMC实 /控制。I/O点数可根据机床的复杂 度 择。标准 置为104个 点,72个点。 (4)进给伺服控制 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统 用数 交伺服控制。其控制在CNC单元内,currency1在主上，即CNC单元与进给伺服为一体 计。伺服上有2个CPU(TMS320),用于伺服的数控制。每个CPU控制2个轴,一块可控制4个轴。该 主CPU分 的伺服控制指令,6个相位 差60的脉宽调制(每轴),加于 轴的伺服驱动的功率放 上。 0-D系统为4轴(最 置)控制,4轴联动。只用一块伺服。0-C最 可控制6个轴,控制6个轴时需用2块。 (5)电 主要有5 V直电，用于 的供电。24 V直电,用于单元内继电 控制。除上述”些,还有图形控制、PMC-M、远 缓(REMOTE BUFFER)。”些用户可根据要求 订。 3 显示 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统的显示 可用CRT,也可用液晶显示 (LCD),标准为9黑白CRT,高密度符显示。也可 彩色显示 。 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统有图形显示功能:对编制的加工 序进行加工前的图形 拟, 拟刀尖的轨迹或加工件的三维实体形；在加工中显示刀尖的轨迹,使操作员能够监视 削 。图形可局放 ,以便观察细。显示图形必须用图形控制,该为 用微机,CPU用80186。 4 PMC控制 PMC是可编 序机床控制 ,是 门用于控制机床的PLC。BEIJING-FANUC 0系统的PMC只有47条指令(基本指令有12条,功能指令有35条)。基本指令为2进制位的逻辑运算，功能指令主要有数据义、数据变 、译 数运算。 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统用 形图编制PMC 序逻辑 序。 于有功能指令,使PMC 序编制非常 , 。 形图可用下述 编制:用 用的编辑 用CRT显示 在系统上 场编制。在计算机上 用件用计算机编制, 经RS-232C口 形图 序 数控系统。调 好的 序要用 EPROM。 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统PMC控制有PMC-L PMC-M 2 。PMC-L的 机与主机共用，其 时间为6 s/ ,最 数为5000 。PMC-M为 用 机,微 为80186， 用一块,currency1在主上， 时间为2 s/ ,最 数为8000 。2 PMC的 期 为16 ms。 5 进给伺服驱动 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统进给轴的驱动使用交同 电动机,目前为系。根据其 特性 性分为:(标准型)、M(高加 特性)、C(经 型) L( 型)。最 为400 N.m。0-C 置型；0-D 置C型。M加 特性好,0最高 的动 为24 ms，故用于高 加工。电机轴上有脉编 ,每发65 536个脉(经电 currency1),用位置 度。” 位置,是间 工作台的直位“,所以为环伺服系统。fi是,只要相应的参数,BEIJING-FANUC 0系统可以使用直 fl ,使系统 环。除 之,还可 位置即同时有上述2个环。”样,可以 高系统的性,还可以 高系统的 性 加工度。 进给伺服单元的控制用前述的轴控制,该控制指令 功率放 。功率放 为 块 结构,分为 块 变 块，使用IPM元件。 LSI是 用位置控制 电 。ROM中存储的控制 序主要有同 电机的 应 控制、IP调节 、 度 位置的控制、前 前前控制 观 。 ,还有 非性与控制,单脉”制、 调”制、间加 、机床的 度 。还有运行的监 及保护。 于有”些控制,使BEIJING-FANUC 0系统运行可靠、 、度高。 6 主轴驱动 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统可以同时控制2个主轴电动机,可以是2个数控制的电机,也可以一个数 , 一个为 拟 控制电机。 拟控制指令是010 V的直电压。 该系统的主轴电机为 电机,目前为系 ,有以下 :标准型, 功率调 41；P: 功率宽调 型(81)；C:经 型；T:与主轴直连型。主轴电机的最 功率为37 kW,最高 可达15 000 r/min，用数 控制。 主轴驱动有 度控制 位置控制2 工作 ，通加工为 度控制。主轴电机轴上有型的性 ,用 度。位置控制用于主轴同 、主轴、性 、Cs轴控制。 需要控制主轴的 或位,控制时要与其它轴currency1。 时需在机床的主轴上位置编 ,位置编 有 电 性 。通为每发1 024个脉,高度的发360 000个脉/。 主轴控制用单的CPU控制， 为TMS-320。CNC单元的控制指令用一条 主轴的控制单元,数据为 行 ， 可靠性比较高。 7 RS-232C口及数据通讯 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统有2个 口(RS-232C),分4个通，用于系统与的数据交 。交 的数据:系统及机床的参数、PMC参数、零件加工 序、刀 、的工件 标系、 的 。与计算机相连时,计算机内必须有数据 件。最 的 率为9600 bps。 除上述的息交 , 用 行通讯还可实 下 的在加工与机床的DNC : (1) 的加工 加工复杂零件时,加工 序非常长,CNC的内存 够用，可 序存于,计算机的 。用电 PC机与CNC经口连 ,动 动加工,CNC 15个 序 , 加工。 加工一 一 ,直结 。 (2)远 缓(REMOTE BUFFER) 上述 了长 序的存储 ,fi 于数据的 、 、 加工,所以加工 度。对于 序 、加工, 刀有 ，为 , 发了REMOTE BUFFER功能。 该功能可实 数据块的 ,有2 工作 :计算机存储的加工 序是通常的加工 指令 。缓 变为2进制, CNC行。计算机存储的加工 序是2进制编制的。缓 收 经即 CNC行。”2 比 的加工 度 ，数据 率最 为77900 bps。最 加工 度为15 m/s，电 最长可达100 m(无调制 调 时)。 (3)DNC2 它可使8台CNC机床与主计算机远 相连,实 台机床的加工监控与 。连 为点-点 ，数据 为LVS2， 率最高为19200 bps。 CNC与主计算机交 的息除了系统 机床的参数、加工 序、加工的 ,还可 机床的工作 , 动加工动、 、加工中、 、。DNC2共计了60 条指令。主计算机必须根据”些指令格 编制相应的 序,编 用C。为 便用户,可 供 指令 。 8 调机、维护与故障诊断 (1)伺服参数与调 为了 便调机,系统的CRT有进给伺服参数 调 。在参数的 上,只需 位、电机 参数即可好所用电机的标准参数,使电机运行。其中的 性变比可电机与 及位置 (脉编 )之间的动比。该变比可以为数。 在伺服调 上可以 地 机床工作台“动时 轴的伺服、伺服差及其变动 。据 ,可 断系统运行是 、有无 行以及随度 ，根据 进行适当的调。有故障时该 还显示伺服的。 (2)主轴参数 主轴电机的 及 位即可好主轴电机的标准参数,电机即可运行。主轴运行有监视 ,在该 上可 主轴电机的 、 百分比及主轴的 , 可以省去通常的 表表。 (3)加工 序错显示 序错时,CRT上显示 。根据 可 说明书中错原 , 表是 年经验的 ,几乎所有的编 错可该表中。 (4)运行故障显示 CNC控制件的运行、硬件的 主要元件、伺服控制、主轴控制 故障时,CRT上 显示相应的 。BEIJING-FANUC 0系统对”些故障有较好的保护。例,伺服断形 环时,会撞车,也会 元件 (5)I/O诊断 CRT可显示 形图，在该图上可以机床强电的工作。CRT还有诊断 ,通该 ,根据的地址0/1 变,可 断其是 正常工作。 9 系统的功能 BEIJING-FANUC 0系统为 功能型。下 一些功能加了系统的应用 操作的 便：Cs轴控制。可以省掉Cf轴,用主轴的动为回 标与其它直轴currency1,加工曲。性 。Z轴进给与主轴动同 ,用弹簧 头实 ， 高了 纹的加工度。PMC轴控制。用 形图 序控制伺服进给轴，用于回轴分度或 位置进给。0-C系统PMC可控制2个进给轴。主轴刀架。0.1m分辨率。系统分辨率标准为1m。可用参数为其1/10。加工 序的 台编辑。 动 削 中可以编辑新的 序。菜单编 。图形会话在 动编 。有 形 ,最新的是符指令形 。 学, 操作。有工参数句。用户 序。一 参 编 件,用来编制加工 序(适合于 fi工 )或者用其口变 编制PMC 序,控制CNC的运行 。fanuc systemHigh reliable BEIJING-FANUC CNC / 2 BEIJING-FANUC0 system CNC unit of the hardware / 3 shows / 4 PMC control / 5 feed servo drive /. / 6 spindle drives / 7 RS-232C mouth and data communications / 8 - Machines, maintenance and fault diagnosis / 9 the function of the system / CNC machine tools should be able to long-term continuous processing, the NC system must be capable of continuous long-term trouble-free operation. To ensure the long-term reliable operation of machine tools, numerical control system must have to resist harsh environment of highly reliable operation of the unit. Perennial test of the work that BEIJING-FANUC 0 system is the most reliable one of the NC system, it can generally run workshop environment, at work and at room temperature for 0 45 , relative humidity of 75 percent, short-term up to 95 Percent, to seismic 0.5 g, grid voltage fluctuation of 10 percent to 15 percent, with the use of the actual statistics, BEIJING-FANUC 0 system failure rate for the 0.008, to better meet the demands of Chinas market. BEIJING-FANUC 0 system has a very high reliability, mainly from the following factors: (1) reliable high-quality components and good selection of the aging process (2) large-scale and ultra-large-scale application-specific integrated circuit chip BEIJING-FANUC 0 system used by many of Fujitsus manufacturing highly integrated chips for functions. (3) automatic chemical plant manufacturing multi-layer printing plate system boards, components of the cartridge, welding, printing plate checks, the system of assembly, the electrical feed, salt tablets, casting, machining, assembly, product packaging factory All of automation, making in the production process to avoid the outside world (who) factors of instability in the intervention, so the consistency of products, and increase reliability. FANUC FANUC from Beijing to buy printing plate assembly and manufacture of CNC units. (4) good control software design BEIJING-FANUC 0 system in the world after several years of operation, has accumulated a wealth of data, the software design to take into account the possible failure of the situation, adding a lot to protect and improve the reliability Of the measures, such as when switching boot and the layers of state testing, over-voltage, over current, feedback, and so disconnected alarm, making machine failure in the operation, the system can handle a timely manner, so as to avoid damage to the components. (5) digital feed digital servo and spindle drive digital control, the serial data transmission has greatly enhanced the reliability of the operation. Spindle control the transmission of signals using fiber optic cable so that the signals from outside interference. 2 BEIJING-FANUC 0 units of CNC system hardware structure BEIJING-FANUC 0 system reliability, and performance / price higher than in the rest of the world have sold more than 30 million units. With the development of large-scale integrated circuit chips, BEIJING-FANUC 0 system hardware structure has been improved several times. The current sales 0 - C and 0 - D, the basic structure of its hardware, only a few different axis control, targeted feeding different motor drive shaft. BEIJING-FANUC 0 CNC system for large-unit structure. Basic configuration is the motherboard, memory boards, I / O board, servo-axis control panels and power. The plate inserted on the motherboard, the CPU and connected to the bus. (1) board in the main CPU board. The main CPU for the control system, using the original 80,386, from 1998 onwards to switch to 80486 / DX2. In addition, the CRT display is the control board. (2) the memory board panel: system control software ROM (a total of five). BEIJING-FANUC 0 system can be controlled lathes (0 - T system), milling machines (boring machine, drilling machine) and the processing center (0 - M system), grinder (0 - G System), Punch (0 - P systems). Different types of machine control software different； servo control software ROM 1 ； PMC-L of the two ROM chips, used to store the machine-control logic, procedures； RAM chip, the CPU for the storage of data among computing, as needed Installation. CMOS RAM, for storage systems and machine parameters, spare parts processing procedures. According to user requirements allocation, the largest for the 128 K bytes. CMOS RAM and 4.5 V battery connected shutdown preservation of information. (3) I / O board is the board CNC machine tools unit and strong panel of the interface. Or to receive 24 V DC output signal from the PMC implementation of input / output control. I / O points can be based on the complexity of the machine choice. Standard for the importation of 104 points, 72 points output. (4) feed servo control board BEIJING-FANUC 0 system with all the digital exchange of servo control. Its control panel installed in the CNC unit, inserted on the motherboard, or CNC servo unit and for integration into the design. Servo board has two CPU (TMS320), the figures for the servo control. Each two-axis control CPU, a board can control the four-axis. The board accepted the main CPU servo control the distribution of instruction, the output of the six phase difference of 60 PWM signal (per axis), the increase in the servo drive shaft on the power amplifier. 0-D system for 4-axis (the largest configuration) control, 4-axis. Only a servo board. 0-C to control up to six-axis, six-axis control when required two plates. (5) 5 V main power DC, for the boards power supply. 24 V DC, for the control unit within the relay. In addition to these boards, there are graphical control panel, PMC-M board, remote buffer (REMOTE BUFFER) board. These users may board elections in accordance with requirements set. 3 shows BEIJING-FANUC 0 display system can be used CRT, LCD monitors, can also be used (LCD), 9 standards for black and white CRT, high-density character display. Also with color displays. BEIJING-FANUC 0 graphics display system: on the establishment of the processing procedures for processing before the graphic simulation, simulation Corner of the track or the processing of 3D shapes； processing in the course of the show Corner trajectory so that the operator Can monitor the cutting process. Larger local graph, in order to observe the detail. Show must use graphical control panel graphics, the board dedicated to computer, CPU with 80,186. 4 PMC control PMC is the programmable logic controller machine, is devoted to the control of the machine PLC. BEIJING-FANUC 0 system PMC only 47 commands (there are 12 basic instructions, the functional commands 35). Basic instructions for the 2-band digital logic operation, the main function of command data definition, data conversion, decoding and algebraic operations. BEIJING-FANUC 0 system using ladder logic of the order of PMC procedures. As a function of command, making PMC programming very easy, easy. Ladder can be prepared the following two methods: edit card with a dedicated use of CRT display on the system of the scene. on a computer loaded with software for computer establishment, then the RS-232C I procedures will be sent to the NC ladder system. Commissioning a good procedure to use for writing into the EPROM. BEIJING-FANUC 0 PMC control system is PMC-L and PMC-M 2 . PMC-L share of the processor and the host, the processing time for 6 s / step, the biggest step for step 5000. PMC-M processor for the dedicated, 80,186 for the microprocessor, for a plate inserted on the motherboard, the processing time for 2 s / step, the biggest step for step 8000. Two kinds of scanning cycle PMC are 16 ms. 5 feed servo drive BEIJING-FANUC 0 system into the shaft to drive the use of AC synchronous motor, for series. In accordance with its load of features and rapid divided into: (standard), M (high acceleration characteristics), C (economic) and L (low-inertia). The greatest moment for the 400 N.m. 0-C-type configuration ； 0 - D C-type configuration. M acceleration characteristics, and from 0 to a maximum speed of the process initiated for 24 ms, is used for high-speed processing. Motor shaft equipped with pulse code, issued to every 65 536 pulses (the circuit octave), used for position feedback and speed of feedback. This position feedback, is the indirect measurement of linear displacement table, so called semi-closed-loop servo systems. However, as long as the corresponding set of parameters, BEIJING-FANUC 0 system can use the straight-line grating-foot, closed-loop system to Chengquan. In addition, but also to dual position feedback, that is, at the same time the two closed-loop. In this way, can improve system stability, can also improve the speed and precision machining. Feed servo control unit with the aforementioned axis control board, the board command signals to control the output power amplifier. Power amplifiers for the modular structure, divided into rectifier module and inverter module, using the IPM components. LSI is dedicated position control large-scale integrated circuit chips. ROM stored in the main control procedures are synchronous motor response to the rapid vector control, IP-conditioning, speed and location of the feedback control, the former fed and early feedforward control and state observer. In addition, there are many non-linear compensation and control, such as single-pulse inhibition, overshoot suppression, reverse speed up the clearance compensation, machine tools, such as the speed of feedback. Still running the monitoring and protection. With these controls, making BEIJING-FANUC 0 operating system reliable, fast, stable, high accuracy. 6 spindle drive BEIJING-FANUC 0 system can also control two spindle motors, it could be two digital control of motors, can also be a digital, analog control for another motor. Analog control command is 0 10 V DC voltage. The system of the spindle motor for motor asynchronous, as series, the following species: : standard, the constant power speed of 4:1； P: constant power speed wide-range (8:1)； C: Economic； T: Direct Connect-and spindle. Spindle motor for the maximum power of 37 kW, the highest speed can reach 15 000 r / min, using digital vector control. Driving a spindle speed control and location control of two kinds of working methods, and general processing speed control. Spindle motor shaft equipped with the circular magnetic sensors, used to speed feedback. Position Control for spindle synchronization, spindle orientation, rigid tapping, Cs axis contouring control. Therefore need to control the main axis of rotation or transfer, with the outline of control to other axis interpolation. At this point in the machine tools to be the main axis of garments position encoder, a position encoder Optical and magnetic sensors. General issued one for every 024 to the pulse, high-precision issued 360 000 pulses / turn. Spindle control of a separate CPU control processor for TMS-320. CNC output from the control unit with an optical cable to the command of the main control unit, for serial data transmission, high reliability. 7 RS-232C mouth and data communications BEIJING-FANUC 0 system has two serial (RS-232C), the four channels, systems and external equipment used for data exchange. Exchange of data including: system and the machine set parameters, PMC parameters, spare parts processing, the value of compensation tool, set the workpiece coordinates, screw-value, such as the snail. Connected with the computer, the computer must be equipped with data transmission software. The fastest transmission rate of 9600 bps. In addition to the above exchange of information, the serial communication can also use the following forms of online processing and machine tools DNC management: (1) tapes way of processing complex parts processing, processing very long, CNC memory capacity enough, the process can be stored in peripherals, such as computer diskettes. Cable will be CNC PC and the serial port connected, automatically start processing, CNC-Reading 15 of the procedures to begin processing. Since then read a section of a section of the processing until the end. (2) remote buffer (REMOTE BUFFER) Although the above methods to solve the long process of storage problems, but because the data-read, while handling, processing side, the slow processing speed. For small procedures, the rapid processing and take the knife a standstill phenomenon, for which developed the REMOTE BUFFER function. This feature can block the transmission of data, there are two kinds of ways: computer processing and storage procedures for the processing code is usually commands way. Buffer accepted into a two-band, and then sent to the CNC implementation. computer processing and storage procedures is based on two of the band. After the buffer is not received by the implementation of conversion that is sent to the CNC. This means two kinds of ways than those tapes processing speed, the fastest data transmission rate to 77900 bps. The fastest processing speed of 15 m / s, cable up to 100 m (without modem). (3) DNC2 it will enable eight CNC machine tools and computers remotely connected to the main, and multiple processing machine monitoring and management. Connections to points - point, data transmission protocol for LVS2, transmission rate of up to 19200 bps. CNC with the main computer exchange of information systems and machine tools in addition to the parameters, processing procedures, processing settings, the machine can also send the work of state, such as automatic processing start, stop, processing, suspended, such as the police. DNC2 were designed more than 60 commands. The main computer must be based on these directives format corresponding procedures, the programming language used C. For the convenience of users, can provide the Macro Command. 8-machine, maintenance and fault diagnosis (1) servo parameters set up and adjusted in order to facilitate the transfer machine, a system of CRT Feed Servo parameters set the screen and adjust the screen. In the parameters set on the screen, simply set of initialization, the electrical code and other parameters can be configured by the electrical parameters of the standard, so that the electrical and stable operation. The flexible variable speed motors than can be set with the ball screw and position feedback sensor (pulse code) between the gear transmission ratio. The change than can not be rounded. In servo adjustment on the screen can be quantitatively read out at the mobile workstation machine axis servo gain, servo error and its movements. Accordingly, the system can determine if the operation is stable, and there crawling with precision, according to the circumstances appropriate adjustments. A failure of the screen also shows that the servo alarm. (2) main spindle motor parameters set enter the code and initialization of the spindle motor to set a good standard parameters, the electrical stability can be run. Spindle running a surveillance screen, the screen-readable to the spindle motor speed, load and the percentage of the spindle speed, thus possible to omit