初中宾语从句讲解与练习_免费下载.doc

注意！宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。宾语从句一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。 eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语) HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语) MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)二、引导词引导词引导词的作用例句that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略。He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. what，which，who，whose，whom等连接代词在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等。I dont know what they are going to do. He asked me whose the book is. when，where，why，how等连接副词在从句中作状语Could you tell me where you are from? Do you know how they found the place? if/whether 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略。He asked me if Miss Gao is a teacher. 注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。 a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwellgoonthepinic. b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether. eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext. Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot? c.if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.1. I cant remember _ I put the book, and I need it for my homework now.A where B how C what D why2. I still remember the park _ we first visit.A that B which C where D when3. I dont know if he _ tomorrow. If he _, Ill meet him.A comes; comes B will come; comes C will come; will come D comes; will come4. -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4: 00. A. how B. where C. when D. what5. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which6. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which7. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether8. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when一、 主句与从句时态一致的问题（1）如果主句时现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow. （2）如果主句时过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如： He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked me if I had taken his soap. （3）如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。如： He told me that the earth is round. He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him. 过手训练1. -Could you tell me _ last night? -Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing2. The teacher told us the moon _ round the earth. A. moved B. moves C. is moving D. was moving3. My mother told me _ anymore when it was late. A. dont write B. not write C. not to write D. didnt write二、 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如： Whats Kates e-mail address? Do you know? =Do you know what Kates e-mail address is? 过手训练4. We want to know _ to help them.A what can we do B what we can do C how can we do D how we can do5. -Excuse me. Could you please tell me _?-Sure. Theres a bookstore on River Road.A where can I get a dictionary B where could I get a dictionaryC where I could get a dictionary D where I can get a dictionary6. -I dont know _. -You can go and ask Jack.A when does the train leave B that we will plant trees or notC if she had come yesterday D what I should buy for him7. The teacher asked us _.A when did I finish my work B why didnt we tell him about it earlierC what we were interested in D where we are going to have our lunch8. The policeman asked the boy_.A where is his mother B where his mother is C where was his mother D where his mother was9. Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _.A what Lily was B what was Lily C where Lily was D where was Lily10. -Could you tell me _?-Yes, it will start at ten.A when will the meeting begin B when the meeting will beginC where the meeting begins D where does the meeting begin11. -I hear well have a new foreign teacher soon. Do you know when _?-Sorry, I have no idea.A he will come B will he come C is he coming D he was coming12. Could you please tell me _? I want to buy some books.A where is the bookshop B where the bookshop is C how can I get to the cinema D how I can get to the cinema13. Do you know _?A when the train leaves the station B when does the train leave the stationC when will the train leave the station自我总结：_三、 宾语从句的连接词（1）当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。如： “She was a good girl,” the teacher told us. =The teacher told us (that”) she was a good girl. 注意：引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略：1）当宾语从句的主语是that时。如： He says that that is a useful book. 2) 当从句前有插入语时。如： It says, on the card, that it is made in China. 3）当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如： Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must par for it. 4）当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如： He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 四、否定转移 在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如： I dont think he will come with you. 五、宾语从句的简化（1）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree，choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： I hope that I can receive your e-mail. =I hope to receive your e-mail. （2）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。如： She doesnt know what she should do next. =She doesnt know what to do next. （3）当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和句子的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。如： Will you please show me how I can work it out? =Will you please show me how to work it out? （4）动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型要有适当的变化。一般地，通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语，seem（适当时态形式）作谓语。如： It seems that football is very interesting. = Football seems (to be) very interesting. （5）宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如： I dont believe what Tom said. = I dont believe Toms words. 中考提升1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell_. A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowtheway C.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate2.-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?-Sorry.Idontknow_. A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroad C.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad3.-MayIcomein?Im