时态讲解及练习.doc

一）、基本句型1: S + V -主语是动作的发出者 Mr. Green died (in the afternoon ).2：S+V+O-宾语谓语发现问题的承受者I love you (very much).3：S+V+C表语是对主语的补充说明He became a lawyer (at last).4：S+V+O+C宾补是对宾语的补充说明I want you to study English harder ( in high school).5：S+V+O+O谓语动作有直接和间接（即人和物）两个宾语。Lucy gave me a present (last year in the street).句子的基本特征：主 谓(动词)上述五种基本句型都可加上状语：时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语、条件状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语等、程度状语。二）、主语的归纳1、位于谓语动词的前面2、由名词（n）、名词词组、代词的主格或相当于名词的短语和句子充当。名词：可数名词（1）单数：名词的原形（2）复数：规则变化和不规则变化名词词组：以名词为中心的词组，带有前置修饰语或后置修饰语Eg. a big river; a map of China ; a beautiful bird in the tree三）、谓语（由动词来充当） 1.情态动词不可单独作谓语，助动词也不可单独作谓语2.非谓语形式不可作谓语（不定式：to+动原；动词的-ing形式；过去分词）3.谓语有时态和数的变化时态：1. 一般现在时 动词原形 第三人称单数（-s，-es）表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）Water boils at 100C.The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.表示经常发生的动作（习惯性的动作）或存在的状态（能力、特征、性质、职务、身份、籍贯等）。常与always, usually, often ,sometimes ,every day等时间状语连用。如：It often rains here. We are in Grade One.表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：I know what you mean.Mr.Smith. owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。If it rains, we wont go tomorrow.但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表意愿，但不表示时态。you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。School begins in September. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday.2. 一般过去时 谓语动词用过去式，即-ed或不规则变化表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。与过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday, last week, in 1980, in the old days, the other day, just now.等。如He told me he read an interesting novel last night.表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at his father, and then died.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示过去将来发生的动作。He said he wouldnt go with us if it rained.表示从过去某一时间考虑，已经预告计划或安排的发生的动作。 He told us that school started on the following morning.三、一般将来时：（will/shall +动原）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与将来时连用的时间状语有tomorrow, next time, in three days等。如Ill go and see her on Friday.表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water. Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。 Im coming.注意：其他一些表示将来时的方式。“be going to+动原”常用来表示已决定或安排要做的事，表示必然或很可能发生的事。Its going to rain.“be to +动原”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要示即将发生的动作，还可表示注定要发生的动作。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon. “be about to+动原”,表示“即将；将要”。后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。The film is about to begin.某些瞬间动词的一般现在时和现在进行时都 可表示预定的或即将要发生的动作。The train is arriving.四、过去将来时：（would +动原）表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。He said he would help me 参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。五、现在进行时：（am/is/are +动词的ing形式）表示说话时正在进行的动作，如What are you doing there?表示现阶段正在进行的动作的动作，但不一定说话时正在进行。The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替将来进行时：If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please.有时可用来代替一般现在时来表达说话人的某种感情。常 与always, forever, continuously等连用。如：You are always coming late.go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如： We are leaving on Friday.下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。六、过去进行时: was/were +动词的ing形式表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定的时间除有上下文暗示外，往往需要用过去的时间状语then, at that time等或另一动作来表示。He was watching TV.七、现在完成时：have/has +过去分词（-ed或不规则变化）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语有：already, yet, now 等。还可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。 如After all these years, weve at last paid off all our debts.下列句型中常用现在完成时：It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second.)time that + 完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.8.过去完成时（had +动词的过去分词）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻可用by, before等短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可通过上下文来表示。By 1914 Einstein had gained world fame. 到了1914年，爱因斯坦已获得了世界声誉。表示由过去某时间开始，一直延续到另一时间的动作或状态。和for(for有时可省去)或since 构成的时间状语连用。如：She said she had worked there since1975.她说她自从1975年就在那儿工作了。在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.注意过去完成时也可用于一些固句型中。hardly (scarcely)when刚就Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚到家，天就下雨了。No sooner than 刚就 No sooner had I fallen asleep than the telephone ran. 我刚一入睡电话铃就响了。9.现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续进行到现在，可能刚刚终止，也可能还要继续下去。如：she has been reading all the morning .她一上午都在看书。I have been writing the novel for a month, and I havent finished it yet.一、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： Im reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情) I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表示动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。如： What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。 They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。 (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。如： The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。 (4) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。如： Im wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否帮我们一下。 Im hoping that you will succeed.希望你能成功。 二、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 (1) 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如： He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) (2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如： I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 (3) 一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作；而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。如： He always got up at six. 他过去总是6点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想着工作。 (4) 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如： I thought that he would agree with us. 我认为他会同意我们的观点。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想要说服他接受我们的建议。 三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时强调动作的结果对现在的影响，属于现在时的范畴；一般过去时强调动作所发生的时间，属于过去时的范畴。因此，过去时需跟过去时间连用或有表过去时间的上下文连用，而现在完成时不能与过去时间连用。如： I read the book two weeks ago. 我两周前读了这本书。 I have read the book for two weeks. 这本书我读了两周了。 四、现在完成时与现在进行时 现在完成时强调动作持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去，或动作刚结束；而现在进行时只强调目前的状态。如： They have talked for about two hours. 他们谈了大约两个小时。(强调动作的持续) They are talking. 他们在谈话。 (强调目前的状态) 五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 (1) 过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即：过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如： He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年。(离现在两年) He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年) (2) 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。如： He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。 六、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 (1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续。因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如： He has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。 (2) 在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如： We have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习两年了。 (3) 有些延续性动词(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work等)，用于现在完成时或现在完成进行时的区别不大。如： I have lived here for many years.=I have been living here for many years. 我在这儿住了多年了。1. 【A】（01全国）Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change2. 【A】(全国卷) Can I join the club, Dad?You can when you _ a bit older.A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got3. 【A】（02春招）How are the team playing?They are playing well, but one of them _ hurt.A. got B. gets C. are D. were4. 【A】(北京春) Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken5. 【C】(03全国) All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown6. 【A】(全国卷) Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.Its 9568442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant7. 【C】（03上海）I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned8. 【A】(03北京) The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know9. 【D】（04辽宁，28）It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) the world leading inventor for sixty years. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was10. 【D】（2004全国IV）Thank goodness, youre here! What _ you?Traffic jam. A. keeps B. is keeping C. had kept D. kept11. 【B】(全国卷) Hey, look where you are going!Oh, Im terribly sorry, _.A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice12. 【B】（北京卷）Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?Of course. What is it?I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder13. 【A】（04湖南，25）Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen14. 【A】（04福建，24）She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million. A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached15. 【C】（2004全国IV） The house could fall down soon if not one _ some quick repair work.A. has done B. is doing C. does D. had done16. 【B】（04北京，25）Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider17. 【A】（04北京，28）The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be18. 【C】（04重庆，23）She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing19. 【C】（04北京，27）The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed20. 【C】（全国卷）When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten21. 【C】(2005全国II 冀、甘、黔7) Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _?A. did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking22. 【C】(2005全国II 冀、黑、蒙33) The heros story _ differently in the newspapers.A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported23. 【B】(2005全国I 豫、晋、黑、滇、蒙28) What would you do if it _ tomorrow?We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining24. 【B】(2005全国II 冀、甘、黔8)Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call25. 【D】(全国卷) How long _ each other before they _ married?For about a year. A. have they known; get B. did they know; get C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got26. 【D】(全国卷) When Jack arrived he learned Mary _ for almost an hour.A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away27. 【C】(2005辽宁21) Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry.A. is working B. works C. work D. worked28. 【D】(2005山东25) With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away29. 【B】(2005山东35) The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed30. 【C】(2005天津11) By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left31. 【B】(北京卷) Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider32. 【B】（全国卷）Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow._.A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent33. 【A】（05年北京春季，31）I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. _? A. Has all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish34. 【B】(2005 广东28) Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing35. 【C】(2005浙江1) My brother is an actor. He _ in several films so far. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing36. 【C】(2005广东32) The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car.A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be37. 【C】(2005北京29) As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come38. 【C】(2005上海31) Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. work B. working C. is working D. are working39. 【B】In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive40. 【C】Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did41. 【C】Mary realized she _. A. was making fun of B. was made fun C. was being made fun of D. was being made fun42. 【A】According to the timetable, the train for Shanghai _ at 9 p.m. A. leaves B. will leave C. has left D. is left43. 【B】People often want to know what my job is. Often I _ this question.A. ask B. get asked C. am asking D. get asking44. 【C】（名校联考九）Youve made great progress in your studies of English, havent you?Yes, but much _.A. remains to do B. is remained to do C. remains to be done D. is remained to be done45. 【A】（名校联考四）Are all the titles of the articles _ in the contents?Yes, all _.A. listed; included B. listing; includes C. listed; including D. being listed; being included46. 【A】（名校联考六）May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight? Im sorry, Mr. Williams _ to a conference long before then. A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone47. 【D】Henry cant attend the party _ at Toms house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party _ at Maries house tomorrow. A. held; being held B. to be held; to be held C. to be held; held D. being held; to be held48. 【C】It _ six years since they last saw each other. A. was B. had been C. is D. would have been49. 【A】（辽宁联考）John as well as the other children who _ no parents _ good care of in the village. A. have; is being taken B. have; has taken C. has; is taken D. has; have been taken50. 【A】（太原调研）The dictionary still _ where I _ it a moment ago.A.damp B. lied; lay C. laid; laid D. lies; lay51. 【C】Im sorry; I shouldnt have been so rude to you.You_ your temper but thats OK.A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing52. 【A】（湖北八校）Tom came back home the day before yesterday.Really? Where _ at all?A. had he been B. has he been C. had he gone D. has he gone53. 【A】I really dont think Rosemary will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will be D. has been54. 【C】_ since I began to learn English. A. Six years have passed B. Six years passed C. It had been six years D. It was six years55. 【C】As I _ the next day, I _ to bed early that evening.A. left; went B. am leaving; go C. was to leave; went D. had left; went56. 【B】What place is it?Havent you seen that we _ back where we _? A. were; had been B. are; were C. were; have been D. are; had been57. 【A】（丰台5月）Why bother? Theres too much rubbish here.Youll never pick it all up.A. will be B. was C. has been D. is58. 【C】（丰台练习一）What do you think of your new book “Harry”?Oh, its great. I wanted them to be published but I wasnt sure whether they _ successful.A. have been B. were C. would be D. are59. 【B】Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No, but we _ to get in touch with them ever since. A. have tried B. have been trying C. had tried D. had been trying60. 【B】It _ for three hours and the ground is too damp to play on, so the sports meeting _.A. was raining; has been put off B. has been raining; has been put off C. has rained, is put off D. has been raining; has put off61. 【D】When _ again?When he _, Ill let you know. A. he comes, comes B. will he come, will come C. he comes, will come D. will he come, comes62. 【D】Hand in your papers when you _ the test.A. are finishin