英国文化概论.docx

英概Unit1，21. The full name of the United Kingdom is _2. The island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. True or False?False. Because Northern Ireland is on the neighboring island of Ireland.3. The national flag of the UK is called _.The Union Jack4. Whats its national anthem?God Save the Queen /King. 5Commonwealth of Nations英联邦1。英国的全称是_2。大不列颠岛由英格兰,苏格兰,威尔士和北爱尔兰。真或假?假的。因为北爱尔兰在邻近的爱尔兰。3。英国的国旗被称为_。英国国旗4。它的国歌是什么?上帝保佑女王/王5英联邦英联邦8. LondonThe largest city in the country, with about one seventh of the nations population.The seat of the government-10 Downing Street.The cultural center, home to all the major newspapers, TV stations, galleries, theaters and museums.Business center.Financial center.8。伦敦这个国家最大的城市,全国约七分之一的人口。政府所在地-10唐宁街。文化中心,国内所有主要报纸、电视台、画廊、剧院和博物馆。商务中心。金融中心。EnglandThe largest of the four nationsThe largest populationThe dominance in size is reflected in a cultural and economic dominance.Its capital, London, is dominant in UK in all fields: government, finance and culture.Latin languageAnglo-Saxon language 3 sources of (ancient English ) Modern EnglishFrench language 最大的四个国家最大的人口优势的大小是反映在文化和经济主导地位。其首都伦敦,在英国占主导地位在各个领域:政府、金融和文化。拉丁语言盎格鲁-撒克逊语言3的来源现代英语(古英语)法国语言ScotlandSecond largest nation in population and in geographical areaMost confident of its own identityLong history as a unified state independent of the UKOfficial Language: English, Scottish, GaelicNot conquered by Rome or Anglo-SaxonsBritish Celts occupied Glasgow (west)6 century AD people from northern The Picts left with the highland zone9AD Viking raids led to a unified Scottish state.Constant conflicts between Scotland and England (Macbeth, Brave heart William Wallace)14 AD, Robert the Bruce 300 years of full independence人口第二大国家和地理区域最自信的自己的身份悠久的历史是一个统一的国家独立于英国官方语言:英语、苏格兰盖尔语不被罗马征服或盎格鲁撒克逊人英国格拉斯哥凯尔特人占领(西)公元6世纪人们从北部座长城以抵御皮特人剩下的高地区域公元九世纪海盗袭击导致苏格兰一个统一的国家。苏格兰和英格兰之间不断的冲突(麦克白,勇敢的心威廉华莱士)公元14,罗伯特布鲁斯300年完全独立WalesCapital: CardiffKey industry: coal-miningThe smallest nation on British mainland, though larger than Northern Ireland.Language: English, Welsh (Celtic tongue)Celtic peopleConquered by Rome though with difficulty.Not invaded by Anglo-Saxons.Always under the pressure from EnglandEdward I, castles首都:卡迪夫主要行业:煤矿英国大陆上最小的国家,尽管比北爱尔兰。语言:英语、威尔士(凯尔特的舌头)凯尔特人们被罗马征服尽管困难。不是由安格鲁撒克逊人入侵。从英国总是在压力下爱德华一世,城堡Summary1. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.。项目名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。3.The British Isles:Great Britain Ireland hundreds of small ones.4.England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. Capital: EdinburghWales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.英格兰是英国南部。它是最大的,人口最稠密的地区。苏格兰是英国北部。首都:爱丁堡威尔士是英国的西部。首都:卡迪夫北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府:贝尔法斯特。Geographical Featuresnorth and west: highlands east and southeast: lowlandsExercise:1. The British Isles are made up of_ A. two large islands and hundreds of small ones B. two large islands and Northern Ireland C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones D. three large islands and Northern Ireland2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are_ A. Britain， Scotland and Wales B. England， Scotland and Wales C. Britain， Scotland and Ireland D. England， Scotland and Ireland 3. The capital city of Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are _, _, _.4. About a hundred years ago, as a result of imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the worlds people and _of the worlds land area. A. one third B. one fifth C. one fourth D. two fifths5. What are the three natural zones in Scotland？The three natural zones in Scotland are: the Highlands in the north; the Central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands1。不列颠群岛是由of_答:两个大的岛屿和成千上万个小岛组成两个大的岛屿和北爱尔兰c .三大岛屿和成千上万个小岛组成d .三大岛屿和北爱尔兰2。岛上有三个政治区大不列颠。他们are_答:英国、苏格兰和威尔士英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士c .英国,苏格兰和爱尔兰d .英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰3。首都苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰是_,_,_。4。大约一百年前,由于帝国主义的扩张,英国统治一个帝国,世界上四分之一的人,_of世界土地面积。a . b .五分之一的三分之一c . d . 2/5的四分之一5。三个自然区在苏格兰是什么?苏格兰的三个自然区:北部的高地,中部低地和南部高原Northern IrelandOften called UlsterThe smallest of the four nations in area and population.Belfast, the capital, is much the biggest city.北爱尔兰通常被称为阿尔斯特最小的四个国家的面积和人口。贝尔法斯特,是最大的城市。England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland- Countries within a country.英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰- - - - - -一个国家内部的国家。Unit3Question: What kind of political system?1) Constitutional Monarchy 君主立宪2) Parliamentary Democracy 议会民主制Part I. Evolution of the Political System1) right of kings 君权神授 The sovereign derived his or her authority from God, not from subjects.Origin of the ParliamentGreat Council 国王身边的大议会: 1）a gathering of leading, wealthy barons from counties and towns 2）the king summoned it if he wanted to raise moneyThe Earliest Parliament “Parley” : discuss or talkWhen the Great Council was widened to include those summoned by names (the House of Lords) and representatives of local towns and counties(the House of Commons) The English Civil War (1641-1649) Republican “Roundheads”(Oliver Cromwell)圆颅派Royalists 保皇派Cavaliers (Charles I) The Two-House System两个议会制度House of Commons下议院Made up of 650 Members of Parliament(MPs) Represent votes in a constituency Allowed to sit for the lifetime of the parliament Reelected a limitless number of times Receive salary由650名议会成员(MPs)代表一个选区的选票允许参加议会的生命周期连任一个无限的次数收到工资House of Lords上议院 P45Unit4Party System政党体制A political party system consists of all the parties in a particular nation and the laws and customs that govern their behavior. Three types of party systems:Multiparty system、Two-party system、One-party system一个政党系统包括各方在一个特定国家和管理他们的行为的法律和习俗。三种类型的政党系统:多党制、两党制、一党制major national parties of the UK 英国主要的全国性政党The Conservative PartyThe Labor PartyThe Liberal DemocratsPolitics in Britain is now based on the two-party system.保守党工党自由民主党在英国政治现在基于两党制The Conservative Party保守党Time: the middle of 19 th century (Emerged in 1830s from the Tory)Characteristics: standing for private enterprise and freedom from state controlSupporters: middle and upper-middle class, People of higher position时间:19世纪中期(出现在1830年代的“保守党”)特点:站在国家控制的私人企业和自由支持者:中上层中产阶级,人们更高的位置The Labor Party 工党Time: In 1900sCharacteristics: They stand for national and communal growthSupporters: Working class and common people relatively poor or underprivileged时间:1900年代特点:他们代表国家和群体的增长支持者:工人阶级和普通的人相对贫穷和弱势Trade Unions工会It is formed in 1906.In 1924, the Labor government came to power for the first time.By 1929, it had replaced Liberals as one of the two major parties.工会工会这是成立于1906年。1924年,工党政府上台以来首次。到1929年,它已经取代了自由主义者的两个主要政党之一。The Liberal DemocratsAdvocating(倡导) policies based on freedom of the individualsRemaining a minority party which draws support from voters dissatisfied with the Conservative or Labor自由民主党提倡(倡导)政策基于个人自由剩余的少数党吸引选民的支持不满意保守或劳动Unit5Absolute Decline1880s dominant economically, the workshop of the worldby 1900- overtaken by U.S. & Germany from 1945 till now- decline1880年代占主导地位的经济,世界工厂到1900年超过了美国和德国从1945年到现在,下降Relative Decline steady economic growth and increased living standards slid on the international level successful ally second sixth G7, G8, G-20 WTO相对衰落稳定的经济增长和提高生活水平在国际水平下滑成功的盟友第二,第六G7、G8,g20世贸组织Factors (I) heavy debt to finance WWII (U.S. & Canada) the era of empire was over (raw materials/market)Indiathe Jewel in the Crown, 1947 military expenditure, higher proportion military cost of decolonization。contributions to NATO & UN security council（4）Failure to invest sufficiently in industry Japan & Germany, invest in the most modern equipment & new products.lack a close，relationship b/w industry & banks in the UK，high rate of overseas investmentAs a Result：other countries have improved faster UK slid from being 2nd to 6th economy Relative failures cause serious concern to govt. 因素(我)沉重的债务融资二战(美国和加拿大)帝国的时代已经结束(原材料/市场)印度珠宝皇冠,1947年军费开支,更高比例的军事decolonization.contributions北约和联合国安理会的成本(4)未能充分投资行业日本和德国,投资最现代化的设备和新产品。缺乏亲密,关系b / w行业和银行在英国,高速率的海外投资作为一个结果其他国家提高更快，英国经济下滑从2日到6日相对失败导致严重关切政府。The Current Economy primary industries: agriculture, mining, fishing secondary industries: manufacturing tertiary industries: service industries当前的经济主要产业:农业、矿业、渔业第二产业:制造业第三产业:服务行业Primary Industries agriculture intensive, highly-mechanized, efficient 1.4% national wealth, Secondary Industries manufacturing (20% of national wealth)Tertiary Industries service industries (2/3 of national wealth)主要行业农业密集型、高度机械化、高效国家财富的1.4%,第二产业制造(国家财富的20%)第三产业服务行业(国家财富的2/3)UNIT7 British Educationthe British education system is run by the state, which provides funding, oversees standard, and tried to make sure all British children receive a quality education.- the Ministry of Education. Education is compulsory from 5-16 years. 英国教育制度是由国家提供资金,监督标准,并试图确保所有英国儿童接受高质量的教育。- - - - - -教育部。从5-16年教育是强制性的。Parents or legal guardians of children are required to ensure children receive a full education between the ages of five to sixteen. For children living in remote areas, home education may be the only option. 孩子的父母或法定监护人必须确保孩子接受完整的教育5到16岁之间的。生活在偏远地区,儿童家庭教育可能是唯一的选择。government involvement in taking responsibilities for the education of children. In 1870, a law was passed to call for governmentfunded education.政府参与孩子的教育责任。1870年,通过了一项法律要求政府资助的教育。Students have to pass national tests and schools & schools are ranked according to the success of their pupils in reaching national targets. Compare the secondary schools State schools- funded by local and central governments. Private schools = independent schools = public schools - funded by private sectors, through tuition rates and some government assistance. Independent schools are not part of the national education system. The quality of instruction and standard are obtained through visits from Her Majestys Inspector of Sprehensive schools- admit children without reference to their academic abilities. Such schools provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature and sciences, to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry. 学生必须通过国家考试和学校排名和学校根据学生在到达成功的国家目标。比较中学公立学校由地方和中央政府。公立学校私立学校=私立学校= - - - - - -由私营部门资助,通过学费利率和一些政府援助。私立学校不是国家教育系统的一部分。教学的质量和标准通过拜访陛下的检查员的学校。综合学校承认孩子们没有引用他们的学术能力。这些学校提供通识教育。学生可以学习一切从文学和科学等学科,更实用的科目喜欢烹饪和木工。The open universityIt is open to everybody and does demand formal qualifications.Lectures are broadcast on television and radio , and students correspond with their tutors by post.At the end ,successful students are awarded a university degree它对每个人都开放,也要求正式的资格。讲座是在电视和电台播出,学生与导师。最后,成功的学生都获得大学学位时间：3-4 years old（nursery school