人教版八年级下 英语 unit1 讲义 知识点 练习.doc

教学内容 一、同步知识梳理1. Whats the matter? 【句法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即： Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.?【词法】matter/ mt(r) /n.问题；事情 Whats the matter with you? = Whats the trouble with you? = Whats wrong with you?你怎么了？【注】：matter 和trouble 为名词, 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是adj.不能加the.【拓展】matter的用法： It doesnt matter 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语）【及时练习】( ) 1. Whats _ with you? A. trouble B. the matter C. the wrong D. matter( ) 2_? I have a headache and I dont feel like eating anything. A. How are you B. What can I do for you C. Whats the matter with you D. How do you like it( ) 3. Im sorry to break your pen. _ A. Thats right B. It doesnt matter C. Thank you2. She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water.【词法1】too much/too many/much too短语含义用法例句too much太多后接不可数名词There is too much rain these days修饰动词，放在动词之后Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.too many太多后接可数名词复数There are too many things for me to do every day.much too太修饰形容词或副词Its much too cold in winter.【及时练习1】( ) 1. Mr. Smith eats _ food, so hes _ fat. A .much too; too much B .too many; much too C. too much; too much D. too much ;much too( ) 2.Why are you so tired these days? Well, I have _ homework to do. A. too much B. too manyC. much tooD. many too ( ) 3. The meat is _ delicious. Yes, but dont eat _. A. too much; too much B. much too; too much C. too much ; much too D. much too; much too【词法2】enough 的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time (2) adv. “足够地， 十分，相当” 修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后 expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box.【及时练习2】( ) 1. The boy isnt _ to dress himself. A. old enough B. enough old C. old( ) 2.What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English? I think its _ , but someone thinks its much too _. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring D. enough wonderful ; bored3. What should I do? Should I take my temperature? 【词法1】should “应该” 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务 should not =shouldnt 不应该 主语+ should/ shouldnt + 动词原形. .例句：You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。 You shouldnt t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。【词法2】take ones temperature 量体温【及时练习1】1. You should _ (lie) down and rest.2.You _ be quiet when you are in the reading room. A. should B. shouldnt C. can D. cant 3. A country has dreams. We teenagers _ also have dreams. With dreams and hard work, anything amazing can be created. A. may B. must C. should 4. You _ drive your car so fast. Its very dangerous. A. wouldnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. mightnt4. No, it doesnt sound like you have a fever. 【词法1】sound like 听起来像， 后接名词或名词性短语作表语。 It sounds like a good idea. 【拓展】 “感官动词+ like feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像【词法2】fever/ fi:v:(r)/n.发烧 have a fever 发烧翻译句子:1.这顶帽子看起来像一只猫。 2. 坐在草地上感觉起来好像坐在沙发上。 5. You need to takes break away from the computer.【词法1】need v 需要 用于肯定句是实义动词 (1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help. (2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water? (3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done My TV set needs repairing. 【及时练习】1. I need _(come) to the office quickly, because some work need _(finish) at once.2. David needs _ a good rest. A. has B. to have C. have D. having用于否定句是情态动词 neednt = dont have to 没有必要 must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用 ( ) 1. Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr. Zhao? No, you _ .You may give it to me tomorrow. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not ( ) 2.You dont have to go to bed too late at night. A. cant B. shouldnt C. neednt D. would like to ( ) 3.Must I finish my homework now? No, you _. You can go home now. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant 6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.【词法】without doing sth. without sth 例句：I usually go to school without eating breakfast. Without your help, I cant finish our work on time.翻译句子：1、他离开了家，一句话也没有说。 2、外面在下雨，不打伞，我们没法出去。 7. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.【词法】hurt：及物动词&不及物动词例句：1. I hurt my leg.2. My leg hurts.翻译句子：在体育课上，Tom 伤到了自己。_8. At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 【词法1】lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺 ；平躺 lie lay lain v 躺下，(现在分词lying ). lie down 躺下 lie down and rest 躺下休息翻译句子：1、我头疼，我需要躺下来休息。 2、夏天，躺在沙滩上很令人放松。 9. He got off and asked the woman what happened. 【词法】get off 下车 (反） get on 上车【拓展】与get相关的短语： get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过 get onalong well with与相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达 【及时练习】1. So many problems! Im tired. You should try to them by yourself. You are not a child any longer.A. get into B. get off C. get on D. get over 2. If Ted can _ his difficulties, hell make great progress.A. come over B. get over C. get off D. come out10. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.【词法1】surprise：v 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的 surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶 be surprised + that从句 因.而惊讶 n 惊讶” to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 【及时练习】1._(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.2.We are _at the _news.(surprise) 3._his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain.A. At B. To C. In D. On 【词法2】agree v (反)disagree agreement n同意(1) agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you.(2)agree to do sth 同意做某事 【及时练习】( ) Do you agree with him? No, I _ (agree) with him.( ) I think English is more useful than Chinese. I dont _ you. They are both useful. A. get on with B. catch up with C. talk with D. agree with11. Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble?【词法】trouble/trbl/n .问题；苦恼 get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼） be in trouble 处于困境中 have trouble（in) doing sth做某事有困难12. Jenny cut herself . 【词法】反身代词(1)反身代词的构成一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数myselfyourself复数ourselvesyourselves 第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves单数：himselfherselfitself复数： themselves(2)反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。1. -Ill have a tennis game tomorrow. Im a little bit nervous. -Believe in _. Youre the best in our club. A. herselfB. myselfC. yourselfD. himself2. - Jim, please help _ to some bread. - Thank you. A. himself . B. yourself . C. herself D. myself.13. Someone felt sick. 【词法】feel sick 生病；不舒服 sick /ill adj. 生病的 (1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。be sick of “讨厌；厌恶” sick person = patient“病人” (2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语， be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill illness n.“病；疾病” I think her (ill) is very serious. 我认为她的病是很严重。( ) The _ girl was sent to hospital by her mother yesterday. A. sick B. ill C. good D. well 14. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 【词汇1】 as prep，作为，以身份。如：As a teacher, Mr. Wang thinks its very important to teach the students how to learn.【词汇2】be used to (doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）【用法】(1) use v.使用useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。 (4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 (5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth 【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses.【及时练习】Studying English is_(use).We use Internet _(find) information.My grandpa is used _(live) in country. Stamps is used _(post) letters.15. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 【词法1】 run ran run v跑run out of =use up 用完【区别】：run out of 其主语通常是人run out 其主语通常是物【短语】： run across 偶然遇见 run after 追求，追逐 run away 逃跑 【及时练习】1. Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumpings. I need to buy some now.A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of 2.翻译：钱用完了。 _【词法2】own adj. 自己的 v 拥有 owner n 所有者，物主【词组】ones own 某人自己的of ones own /ones own +n 某人自己的 (ones 要用adj. 物主代词代替)如：I want to have a big house of my own.= I want to have my own house.16. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.【词法1】so that 以便，为了 引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词may/ might .can/ could等， The boy spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly.【及时练习】The teacher speaks very loudly _ all the students can hear her.A. so that B. because C. since D. when17. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of .【词法1】mean meant meant v 意味着 meaning n 意思meaningless adj. 毫无意义的 (1)mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事【拓展】询问 “.的意思”的常用句型： What does . mean? What is the meaning of.?【及时练习】I mean _ tomorrow.(go) What do you think “joy” _? A. meant B. means C. meaning D. mean【词法2】get out of 离开，从出来【拓展】与get 相关的短语： getup起床 getto到达 get back 返回 geton上车 getoff 下车 getonwith与友好相处；15. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decision , and of being in control of ones life. 【词法1】 important adj. 重要的（反）unimportant importance n 重要性My parents have taught me the _(.的重要性)of working hard.Anyone can see the _(important) of good health.【词法2】decide v 决定-decision n 决定 (1)decide to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth 决定做某事 (2)make a decision 做决定 Tom decided _(study) English well.The next morning Alice made a _(decide).She would tell her mother the truth.My brother makes up his mind to study medicine. A. decided B. needs C. decides D. hasThe classroom was so dirty . I decided _. A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it【词法3】be in control of 掌管；管理1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 14. take one s temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药 16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像 18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way 以同样的方式 20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着走 22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救 24. without thinking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one s surprise 使.惊讶的 28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于29. in time 及时 30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于 34. get out of 离开;从出萍35. hurt oneself 受伤 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fa ll down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰 42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽 46. so that 以便47. so. . . that 如此 以至于 48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在困境中 50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出决定 52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃二、同步题型分析题型1：单词拼写1. Whats the m_ with you?2. We hear with our e_ and see with our e_.3. I have a t_, so I want to see a dentist.4. She is tired, and she s_ go to bed early.5. When you have a headache, please l_ down and rest.6. There are many p_ on the bus.7. He has a fever. Please take his t_.8. Jim hurt h_ in P.E. class.9. They made a d_ to go to the mountains.10. We must know the i_ of English and studying harder.11. The sign m_ “No parking”.12. His parents are u_ to getting up early every morning.13. To my s_, I passed the exam.14. Be careful, there are a lot of k_ on the shelf. They may cut your fingers.15. The girl is too young, to look after h_.题型2：句型转换1. I have a pain in my head today. (改为同义句) I _ _ _ today.2. He should drink more hot water. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he _.3. Whats wrong with you?(改为同义句) Whats _ _ with you?4. He doesnt feel very well. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ him?5. You should lie down and rest. (改为否定句) You _ _ down and rest.题型3：根据汉语完成句子。1. 他太累了，因为昨天他做了太多作业。 He is _ _ _ because he did _ _ homework yesterday.2. 我想这不是一个好主意。 I _ think it _ a good idea.3. 学会掌握自己的命运是很重要的。 Its important to learn to _ _ _ _ ones life.4. 他为了买电脑而节约用钱。 He saved money _ _ he could buy a computer.5. 我现在觉得不是舒服，不能和你去购物。 Im not _ very _ now, and I cant go shopping with you. 三、课堂达标检测单项选择1. -Kelly, whos the girl_ glasses in the photo?-Its me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.A. by B. of C. on D. with2. Students shouldnt go to school _breakfast. Its bad for their health.A. with B. without C. for D. by3. Victor can play_ piano. He can join the music club.A. a B. an C. the D. /4. -How do you like Li Yundi?-A cool guy! His music really_ beautiful.A. tastes B. sounds C. smells D. looks5. -Mum，Im not feeling well. -Oh, dear! _A. Whats wrong? B. Not at all. C. All right.6.Young people today_ posting wonderful articles and beautiful photos onto the micromes- sage(微信）to share with friends.A. are afraid of B. are used to C. are worried about D. used to 7. Andrea Bocelli never_，which makes him a successful singer.A. takes away B. gives away C. gets up D. gives up8. He hurried back home _ his schoolbag.A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches9. Why did you get up late this morning? _I stayed up late last night.A. Because B. So C. Because of D. But10. - Whats the matter with you? -I_a headache.A. have B. take C. make D, like11. To our_, the little girl is the first to go to bed.A. surprises B. surprise C. surprised D. surprising12. - What did your sister do? -She _the bus at the bus stop and went home.A. got to B. got up C. got down D. got off13. What did you see? I saw many boys_ games near the river.A. played B. playing C. plays D. to play14. Its _own business(事情）Please do it yourself.A. you B. your C. yours D. his15. My father often cooks some delicious food_for us at home.A. herself B. ourselves C. himself D. Yourselves课后作业完形填空 Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be dumb( 哑的） 15 he was normal in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. Green tried everything to get him to 17 ,but with no success. When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town 18 him carefully, but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he _19 spoke.“There might be something wrong with his 20 ，and he doesnt know hes able to speak”，one doctor said.“But he can read and write”,said Mr. Green. “Weve written him notes, telling him that he can speak. ”“Its certainly very 21 ，” another doctor said. Perhaps hell be able to speak some day. ”22 passed. Leo went to university. But he did not say a 23 word. Then one day,Leo was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning, he looked up from his 24 and said，“Pass me the salt,please. ”Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited. “You spoke! You spoke!” they cried. “ Why have you 25 so long to speak?” “I didnt have anything to say”，he said. “Until now everything was perfect. But you forgot to put salt in potatoes. ”16. A. because B. when C. though D. before17.A. speak B. walk C. play D. laugh18. A. taught B. found C. examined D. asked19. A. never B. often C. usually D. always20.A. back B. hair C. face D. mind21. A. unfair B. stran