2012高考理综考试大纲(绝密).doc

请上或上百度,输入沈阳高分英语家教吴军查询!2012年高考语文考试大纲（新课标） 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。高等学校根据考生成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。因此，高考应具有较高的信度、效度，必要的区分度和适当的难度。.考试内容一、考核目标与要求高考语文要求考查考生识记、理解、分析综合、鉴赏评价、表达应用和探究六种能力，这六种能力表现为六个层级。A识记：指识别和记忆，是最基本的能力层级。B理解：指领会并能作简单的解释，是在识记基础上高一级的能力层级。C分析综合：指分解剖析和归纳整理，是在识记和理解的基础上进一步提高了的能力层级。D鉴赏评价：指对阅读材料的鉴别、赏析和评说，是以识记、理解和分析综合为基础，在阅读方面发展了的能力层级。E表达应用：指对语文知识和能力的运用，是以识记、理解和分析综合为基础，在表达方面发展了的能力层级。F探究：指对某些问题进行探讨，有见解、有发现、有创新，是在识记、理解、分析综合的基础上发展了的能力层级。对A、B、C、D、E、F六个能力层级均可有难易不同的考查。二、考试范围与要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的普通高中课程方案（实验）和普通高中语文课程标准（实验），确定语文科考试内容。按照高中课程标准规定的必修课程中阅读与鉴赏、表达与交流两个目标的“语文1”至“语文5”五个模块，选修课程中诗歌与散文、小说与戏剧、新闻与传记、语言文字应用、文化论著研读五个系列，组成必考内容和选考内容。必考和选考均可有难易不同的考查。必考内容必考内容及相应的能力层级如下：（一）现代文阅读阅读一般论述类文章。1理解 B（1）理解文中重要概念的含义（2）理解文中重要句子的含意2分析综合 C（1）筛选并整合文中的信息（2）分析文章结构，把握文章思路（3）归纳内容要点，概括中心意思（4）分析概括作者在文中的观点态度（二）古代诗文阅读阅读浅易的古代诗文。1识记A 默写常见的名句名篇 2理解 B （1）理解常见文言实词在文中的含义 （2）理解常见文言虚词在文中的意义和用法 常见文言虚词：而、何、乎、乃、其、且、若、所、为、焉、也、以、因、于、与、则、者、之。 （3）理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法 不同的句式和用法：判断句、被动句、宾语前置、成分省略和词类活用。 （4）理解并翻译文中的句子3分析综合 C （1）筛选文中的信息（2）归纳内容要点，概括中心意思（3）分析概括作者在文中的观点态度 4鉴赏评价 D （1）鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧 （2）评价文章的思想内容和作者的观点态度（三）语言文字运用正确、熟练、有效地运用语言文字。1识记 A（1）识记现代汉语普通话常用字的字音（2）识记并正确书写现代常用规范汉字2表达应用 E（1）正确使用标点符号（2）正确使用词语（包括熟语）（3）辨析并修改病句病句类型：语序不当、搭配不当、成分残缺或赘余、结构混乱；表意不明、不合逻辑。（4）扩展语句，压缩语段（5）选用、仿用、变换句式（6）正确运用常用的修辞方法常见修辞方法：比喻、比拟、借代、夸张、对偶、排比、反复、设问、反问。（7）语言表达简明、连贯、得体、准确、鲜明、生动。（四）写作能写论述类、实用类和文学类文章。表达运用 E作文考试的要求分为基础等级和发展等级。1基础等级（1）符合题意（2）符合文体要求（3）感情真挚，思想健康（4）内容充实，中心明确（5）语言通顺，结构完整（6）标点正确，不写错别字（注：每一个错别字扣1字，重复的不计）2发展等级（1）深刻透过现象深入本质，揭示事物内在的因果关系，观点具有启发作用。（2）丰富材料丰富，论据充实，形象丰满，意境深远。（3）有文采用词贴切，句式灵活，善于运用修辞手法，文句有表现力。（4）有创新见解新颖，材料新鲜，构思新巧，推理想象有独到之处，有个性色彩。选考内容选考内容及相应的能力层级如下：（一）文学类文本阅读阅读鉴赏中外文学作品。了解小说、散文、诗歌、戏剧等文学体裁的基本特征及主要表现手法。文学作品的阅读鉴赏，注重审美体验。感受形象，品味语言，领悟内涵，分析艺术表现力；理解作品反映的社会生活和情感世界，探索作品蕴涵的民族心理和人文精神。1分析综合 C（1）分析作品结构，概括作品主题（2）分析作品体裁的基本特征和主要表现手法2鉴赏评价 D（1）体会重要语句的丰富含意，品味精彩的语言表达艺术（2）欣赏作品的形象，赏析作品的内涵，领悟作品的艺术魅力（3）对作品表现出来的价值判断和审美取向作出评价3探究 F（1）从不同的角度和层面发掘作品的意蕴、民族心理和人文精神（2）探讨作者的创作背景和创作意图 （3）对作品进行个性化阅读和有创意的解读（二）实用类文本阅读阅读评价中外实用类文本。了解传记、新闻、报告、科普文章的文体基本特征和主要表现手法。准确解读文本，筛选、整合信息。分析思想内容、构成要素和语言特色，评价文本产生的社会功用，探讨文本反映的人生价值和时代精神。1分析综合 C （1）筛选并整合文中的信息（2）分析语言特色，把握文章结构，概括中心意思（3）分析文本的文体基本特征和主要表现手法2鉴赏评价 D （1）评价文本的主要观点和基本倾向 （2）评价文本产生的社会价值和影响（3）对文本的某种特色作深度的思考和判断3探究 F（1）从不同的角度和层面发掘文本所反映的人生价值和时代精神（2）探讨作者的写作背景和写作意图（3）探究文本中的某些问题，提出自己的见解2012高考英语高频答案词 高频考点 必考点吴军高频答案词一本通目录：一、单选完形高频答案词二、高频句型核心词三、高频核心短语（以介词和副词为中心）四、语法考点高频答案词五、阅读词汇题及完形熟词僻义高频考点六、吴军2012高考英语必考点解密七、吴军阅读高频答案词及其核心特征一、2012高考英语单选、完形高频答案词Aadapt adjust adopt attract apply adopt appealadapt：指修改或改变以适应新条件adapt to sth/sb：适应某物/某人。 You should adapt yourself to the new environment.adjust：是指“调整、调节”使之适应。You cant see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyesfit： 多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合”。 The shoes fitted me well.suit：多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”等。 No dish suits all taste.match：指“大小、色调、形状、性质等”相配或相称 与匹敌 =go with A red jacket doesnt match green trousers.adopt sb：收养 appeal to = attract 吸引 apply for申请 sth：采用 hold /draw ones attention to应用2010安徽-How did you like Nicks performance last night?-To be honest, his singing didnt _to me much A. appeal B . belong C refer D. occurappeal to 意为 “吸引”；belong to意为 “属于”；refer to意为 “提到；涉及”；occur to意为 “突然想到”。 句意为 “她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。”答案A2010江苏Thousands of foreigners were_ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海的世博会。答案C2009浙江The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.A. adapt B. appealC. attach D. apply根据句意, “关于孩子们美好的事情就是孩子们能很容易适应新的环境”。adapt to“适应”; appeal to“有吸引力, 有感染力；呼吁；求助于；上诉”等; attach to“粘上, 附上”; apply to“应用于, 适应于”。 答案A2008辽宁You have to be a fairly good speaker to listeners interest for over an hour.A.hold B.make C.improveD.receive hold ones interest使某人保持兴趣。make制造；做；improve改善, 提升；receive接收。答案A2008天津Her shoesher dress;they look very well together.A.suit B.fit C.compareD.match句意为：她的鞋和衣服很搭配, 二者搭配看起来很不错。suit指时间、口味等合乎需要；fit指大小、尺寸合适；compare比较, 对照；match指颜色、款式等的搭配。答案D2004全国How about eight oclock outside the cinema? Thatme fine.A.fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suits这四个词在汉语意思上很接近, fit一般指衣服等的尺寸对某人很合适；meet有 “满足的要求”之意；satisfy的意思是 “使满意”；suit指样式、场合、方便等, 意思是 “适合的要求”。答语的句意为：这约定正适合我。答案D2005上海The company is starting a new advertising campaign to new customers to its stores.A.joinB.attractC.stickD.transfer句意为：为了把新的顾客吸引到店内, 公司开始了一场新的广告战。join参加；stick粘, 贴；固定在某处；transfer转移；传给。答案B2012高考模拟My camera can be _ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions. A. treated B. adopted C. adjusted D. adaptedadjust强调, 调节, 使适应; The body adjusts itself to change of temperature. (身体能自行调节以适应温度的变化。) 本句中adjust是不及物动词。I must adjust my watch. Its slow. (我必须调一下我的表。它走得慢了。) 答案 C. adjusted.2010陕西工大附中模拟Though the necklace is not made of real crystal, it still_ young people. A. appeals to B. attracts to C. accounts for D. apply for 考查动词短语的含义及语境。Appeal to投合所好；attract to吸引； account for说明；apply for 应用。答案 A2012高考押题The people who are out of work should _ themselves to the new situation quickly.A. fit B. matchC. suit D. adapt D2012高考押题Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?No, dear. They dont _ well. Put them in the fridge instead. A. keep B. fit C. get D. last A2012高考押题Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does_his boss. A. serves B. satisfies C. promisesD. supports B2012高考押题Will $200 _ ?Im afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars. A. count B. satisfy C. fit D. do D2012高考押题Ladies and gentlemen, may I _ your attention to me？I have an important announcement to make. A. draw B. attract C. pull D. drag Aa/ana variety of 多种多样的 an average of 平均a distance of距离a lack of缺乏in the absence of 缺少a waste of 浪费a wide range of 各种各样的= a variety of = different =variousa gang of一伙a matter of .的问题affair 意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。business作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。Its none of your business.与你无关!2010湖北This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle“这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。” “a range of “强调一个系列, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的 “从句套从句”。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定语从句。答案C2010江西Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.A average B number C amount D quantitya number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。答案A2003上海春More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a greatof goods. A.varietyB.mixture C.extension D.combination“a great variety of”意为 “品种繁多的”。 答案A2001上海In the botanic garden we can find a(n)_of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.A.species B.group C.amount D.varietya variety of “多种多样的”。 答案D2004全国The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.A.length B.distance C.way D.spacelength长度；distance距离；way道路；space空间, 太空。根据句子的意思, 答案选B项, 指离那儿60英里远的地方。答案B2007辽宁Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a_of exercise.A. limit B. lack C. need D. demanda lack of缺乏。句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。答案B2012高考押题In the of proof , the police could not take action against the man .Alack Bshortage Cabsence Dfailure shortage 缺乏, 无此搭配。In the developed countries, theres a great shortage of labour / work force. 发达国家劳动力非常缺乏。答案C. in the absence of 缺少2009山东-He says that my new car is a _ of money. -Dont you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack B. load C. question D. wastelack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意, 尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。2012高考押题My knowledge of Hong Kong came only from some movies: a_ of criminals are pursued by the police in the narrow streets and then they have a fight.A. group B. team C. class D. gangA“组”；B“队”；C“种类，等级”。 答案 D“一伙”。2007山东I cant say which wine is best its a(n) _ of personal taste.A. affair B. event C. matter D. varietya matter of意为 “关于的问题”, a matter of principle原则问题；a matter of opinion仁者见仁, 智者见智。A项意为 “政治事务, 私人业务”；B项意为 “重要事情、大事”；D项意为 “不同种类”。a matter of .是固定搭配。答案Cbe able to do 能够、有能力= be capable of / have the ability(能力)to do sth.有能力做某事be about to do .when 就要做某事时，突然 / be about to do.when 时态问题及如何解题when在这里的用法很特别，它是并列连词=and then这一点很重要！记住规律：was/were about to do.when sth. did.= .was/were on the point of doing.when sth. did.be absent from 不在、缺席 / 拓展:absent是形容词, 反义词组be present at be absorbed in 沉迷于、迷恋于be active in 在活跃 / be active in sth/doing sth be admitted into 被.录取 / 拓展: be admitted to加入，被接纳，admitted into v. 许可进入(进入)，be admitted in audience被接见be afraid of doing 担心某事会发生 / 拓展:be afraid of sth./sb. 害怕某人(物)，be afraid that 恐怕，be afraid to do 不敢去做,Im afraid not.(=I dont think so.)口语中常用。be after sth./sb. 找，追赶 / go after设法得到, take after长得像。be along with 和一起 / get along with进展, 走开, 别胡扯.在.方面有进展,进行友好相处,和睦相处,取得进展;get on well with与.相处的好 .be an expert on/in/at sth. 在是专家be angry at sth.因某事而生气/ be angry with sb.生某人的气 be anxious about为.而焦虑= be worried about / be anxious for =be eager for渴望be ashamed of / to do sth感到羞耻、惭愧 =be shybe (un) aware of (to do) sth. 意识到 =realize, notice倾向于主动去注意be away from 离远 / be out of 是没有,在.之外的意思 / be far from:除了表示距离的远离之外，还有远远不，完全不；决非之意，后接名词，动名词或形容词。如，He is far from a fool.他一点也不傻，这里的be far from为第二种意思。2012高考押题Judith lay on the small sofa, _in her book.A. being absorbed B. absorbed C. to absorb D. absorb朱迪思网在沙发上专心致志地看书.上面的句子absorbed前面省略了主语Judith，可以把它分为2个分句：Judith lay on the small sofa and Judith was absorbed in her book. 这样就看明白。答案：B2012高考押题You should be _ what you have done. A. ashamed of B. ashamed to C.ashamed D. ashamed at你应为自己所做的事感到羞愧。be ashamed of 固定搭配，be ashamed to do；C，D选项没有此搭配。答案：A2009全国卷IIIf you leave the club, you will not be back in . A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved 如果你离开俱乐部，你将不被允许返回。考查实义动词之间的区别(receive收到, admit允许, turn使转动以及move移动。) ,答案:B.2012高考押题What they be_ is profitA.for B. at C. after D. against他们所追求的是利润。be for 支持，赞同，be after 追求，be against反对。be at忙于，专注于, 答案：C.2012高考押题I wish to _ you all night.A.be along with B. get on well with C. get along with D. along with 我希望整夜都与你在一起. be along with 和一起，get on well with 和 get along with 与.相处；along with 是介词短语，不能直接放在不定式“to”的后面。答案：A.2007全国卷The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to尽管大火蔓延的很快，但是所有人都逃出来了.示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。答案: D.2012高考押题Hes very_ about the results of the examinations. A.anger B. eager C. anxious D. worry他很担心考试的结果。be angry about:因什么事情感到生气,而没有be anger about 搭配， be eager for盼望，渴求；be worried about为担心;e anxious about /for为.而焦虑, 答案：C.2012高考押题I was about to do my homework _my father came in. A. as B. while C. when D. Once我刚要做我的家庭作业，我爸爸进来了。be about to do .when 就要做某事时，突然，是固定搭配。答案：C.2012高考押题He_ turn on the light .A. will B. is about to C. is to do D. is going to他就要把灯打开。此题无时间状语，只有be about to后可不跟时间状语。.答案：B.2012高考押题I do not profess to be_ on that subject .A. professional B. an expert C. specialist D. masterprofessional 另有职业的意思，是指专业人员，专门从事某行业的人，而这个人在这个行业里，并不一定是专家高手。master 比expert更 专业，更专。总的来说，professional有些区别，specialist和Expert没有很大的区别。 A.C.D.前应加不定冠词。答案：B唤起迅捷激情 震撼学子心灵2012高考英语完形圣经秘诀教案透过已知信息推断未知信息不易策略，扫描选项，在万变中找到不变的规律！简易策略，瞻前顾后，化繁为简，化难为易！变易策略，左顾右盼，以变制变，熟能生巧！首尾段首尾句,边做边看选项中与中心同现词或复现词!扫描选项 同义词 / 同类词排除 高频答案词 相反项有解 同现思路 瞻前顾后 复现 逻辑结构 左顾右盼 P原则 关联结构技巧归纳: 感情色彩 时态暗示法 动词综合法(主语/宾语是人是物? 及不及物?过程还是结果?.), . (略) 共20多项法则,交叉都指向同一个答案才最准确!满分策略: 五四运动法 串线交叉法 主线贯穿法, .(略) 节选教案试看!瞻前顾后同现复现逻辑结构同现中心同现是指段落的首段的中心词或段落中反复出现的名词或名词词组,在被选空格内的句子中也重复出现或与其意思倾斜向;词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。首段首句一般都是中心句,名词是核对重点!Then , mountain - climbing began to grow popular as a sport. To some people, there is something greatly _28_ about getting to the _29_ of a high mountain: a struggle against nature is finer than a battle _30_other human begins. And then , when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult _31_, what a _32_ reward ( 奖品 ) it is to be able to look _33_ on everything within _34_! At such time , you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel down _35_. 与首尾句名词 动词 形容词 副词倾向!28.A.excited B. interested C.dangerous D.terrible 32.A.surprising B.excited C.disappointing D.astonishing Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her _1_ concert. She had been waiting for this _2_ for years and years. “Now it is here at last,” she thought. “How beautiful her _3_ is.”The song made her _4_ to the days when she was Laurens _5_. As a young _6_, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied _7_ in France, Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine _8_ in the future,” her teachers told her. “But you must be _9_ to study hard and work for many years. 3. A. voiceB. faceC. dressD. life7. A. FrenchB. musicC. pianoD. dance8. A. actressB. studentC. singerD. dancerK抓住中心意思-围绕什么话题 (在文章中出现频率最多的词)Every Thursday afternoon, my art history class meets not in our usual lecture hall ( 演讲厅 ) but in our university Art Museum. We spend our one-hour class discussing two or there of the _1_, many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class. The professor begins by selecting one _2_ of art. After giving us a quick background on the artist , he will open up for class _3_. 1. A. subjects B. paintings C. speeches D. lectures仅有技巧和词汇是不够的,高频答案词及短语,是突破的关键!但相当多的具体情况和难以处理的选项,做起来还是有些吃力,怎么办?吴军老师刚刚出炉的2012高考英语完形暗示点全归纳将使您傲视群雄!宾语从句是特殊疑问句WH-或whether/if时,要选下列动词:ask, doubt, wonder, want to know, know, guess答题选动词:2011全国新课标卷The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 answer, and went on saying, “You have just 41 an important lesson about science.38. Acount B. guess C. report D. watch考察动词，或根据后文wildly wrong guesses的提示，考虑复现选B。 反过来选WH-或whether/if:2011安徽卷One afternoon. I walked into a building to ask 41 there were any job opportunities(机会)，The people there advised me not to continue my job search in that 42 .41. A. why B. wherever C. whether D. whenever一天，作者走进一座大楼去问“是否”(whether)有自己能做的工作。选C。A项为“为什么”；B项为“无论在那”；D项为“无论何时”怎么样?这样做题快吗?为了让您更加深信不疑,我们再免费发布一个法则,你可以马上用下列真题或你学校的模拟练习题来验证一下,好使,就要赶紧预定呦!每省仅限定10套,额满即!止正面的,积极的,肯定的, 还是负面的,消极的,否定的?“Im sorry, but we have enough 27 for the newspaper already. Come back next year and well talk then.” Jenna smiled 28 and left. “Why is high school so 29 ?” she sighed. 叹气sighed说明是勉强的,选消极的weakly28. A. widely B. weakly C. excitedly D. brightlyTired and sad,she told her story 38 ,not to anyone in particular.38.A.tearfully B.seriouslyC.carefullyD.calmlyIt seems funny that we are _40_ for things, with which we are unfamiliar or about which we are _41_, but we all, my friends as well as I, consider this one of lifes _42_ .41. A. uncertain B. unhappy C. not pleased D. careful 2011四川卷I truly feel that my mother led me here, to Morzaine, and to my future as a happy wife and businesswoman. When Mum 21 in October 2007, I was a cook. In December that year. while I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace Mum had left me 22 . I was distraught（忧心如焚的）.Some days later, I was 23 that a guy who was working with us that day. “could probably have made a fortune 24 he necklace he found.” 25 , he returned it. 22.A. burned B. disappeared C . br