文学复习大纲.doc

名词解释Poetry -Meter：格律Foot：音步Iambic: 抑扬格Monometer：单音步*Dimeter：双音步*Trimeter：三音步*Tetrameter：四音步Pentameter: 五音步*Hexameter：六音步*Heptameter：七音步*Octameter：八音步*Nonameter ：九音步*Rhyme：韵脚Stanza诗节Verse：韵文Sonnet: 十四行诗Epic：史诗Blank verse: 无韵体诗Heroic couplet：英雄双韵体Elegy: 挽歌 Ode：颂Lyric：抒情诗Ballad：民谣Alliteration: 头韵Onomatopoeia拟声Synesthesia：通感Assonance: 元音韵Consonance: 辅音韵Conceit: （玄派诗人使用的）新奇的隐喻Dramatic monologue: 戏剧独白Pre-Raphaelite Poets：前拉斐尔派诗人Image: 意象Symbol: 象征Imagism: 意象派Symbolism：象征主义Lake Poets：湖畔诗人The Movement：“运动”Drama-Act: 幕Scene: 场Protagonist：主角Antagonist：反角Aside：旁白Soliloquy：独白Plot：情节Dramatic structure戏剧结构: exposition（开端）rising action（发展）-climax（高潮）falling action（回落）-resolution（结局）Three unities: 三一律Foreshadowing：伏笔Miracle plays：奇迹剧Morality play：道德剧Interlude：插剧Comedy：喜剧Tragedy：悲剧Heroic drama：英雄剧University Wits: “大学才子”Comedy of manners：风尚喜剧Irish dramatic movement: 爱尔兰戏剧运动Absurd theatre: 荒诞剧Novel-Setting：背景Character：人物Plot：情节Theme：主题Point of view：叙事角度Flat character：扁平人物Round character：圆形人物 Foil：陪衬人物 Fiction：小说 Novel：长篇小说 Short story：短篇小说 Romance：传奇 Picaresque novel：流浪小说 Epistolary novel：书信体小说 Gothic novel: 哥特小说 Flashback：闪回Irony：讽刺 Parody：戏仿Understatement：含蓄陈述 Stream of consciousness：意识流Moment of importance：重要瞬间Epiphany：精神顿悟 Psychological Time：心理时间 Historical novel: 历史小说Detective story：侦探小说Ghost story：鬼故事 Saga：萨迦；（讲述许多年间发生的事情的）长篇故事Anti-utopian novel: 反乌托邦小说Prose-Non-fiction: 纪实性文学（非小说）Chronicle：编年史Essay：随笔 The Spectator: 旁观者报时代及流派Medieval Period： 中世纪Norman Conquest 诺曼征服Feudal Period：封建时期Chivalry：骑士精神Reformation：宗教改革Elizabethan Age：伊莉莎白时期Renaissance：文艺复兴Humanism：人文主义 The Anglican Church：英国国教（圣公会） The British Civil War：英国内战Restoration：王政复辟 Metaphysical Poets：玄派诗人Enlightenment：启蒙运动Neo-classicism：新古典主义 Sentimentalism：感伤主义Industrial Revolution：工业革命Romanticism：浪漫主义 Victorian Age：维多利亚时期The Chartist Movement：宪章运动 (Critical) Realism：（批判）现实主义Naturalism：自然主义 Aestheticism：唯美主义Modernism：现代主义Irish Renaissance：爱尔兰文艺复兴Existentialism：存在主义 The Angry Yong Man: 愤怒的青年作家及作品早期：Beowulf贝尔武甫，the first English epicPlot；featureKing Alfreds Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史, prose, compiled around 882 AD中世纪：Geoffrey Chaucer “the father of modern English poetry.”Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱西得；The Canterbury Tales（1387-1400）坎特伯雷故事集节选：PROLOGUE“Here begins the Book of the Tales of CanterburyWhen April with his showers sweet with fruitThe drought of March has pierced unto the rootAnd bathed each vein with liquor that has powerTo generate therein and sire the flower;When Zephyr also has, with his sweet breath,Quickened again, in every holt and heath,The tender shoots and buds, and the young sunInto the Ram one half his course has run,And many little birds make melodyThat sleep through all the night with open eye(So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)Then do folk long to go on pilgrimage,And palmers to go seeking out strange strands,To distant shrines well known in sundry lands当四月的甘霖渗透了三月枯竭的根须，沐灌了丝丝茎络，触动了生机，使枝头涌现出花蕾， 当和风吹香，使得山林莽原遍吐着嫩条新芽，青春的太阳已转过半边白羊宫座， 小鸟唱 起曲调，通宵睁开睡眼，是自然拨弄着它们的心弦：这时，人们渴想着朝拜四方名坛，游僧 们也立愿跋涉异乡。”诗人在描述了中世纪英国的各种社会关系和阶级关系，反映了当时的世代面貌，揭露了教会和贵族的腐败和虚伪。此外，乔叟首次用伦敦方言进行文学创作，推动了伦敦方言的发展，使它成为英国的民族语言。乔叟首创了英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）。Sir Thomas Malory (1408-1471) 马洛礼, Le Morte DArthur,亚瑟王之死文艺复兴 （15世纪-16世纪）Elizabethan Age 伊莉莎白时期；Humanism：人文主义Sir Phillip Sidney （锡德尼），poetArcadia 阿拉迪亚 Astrophel and Stella 爱星者与星星108 sonnetsDefense of Poetry 诗辩 Edmund Spenser (斯宾赛)，poetThe Shepherds Calendar牧羊人日记The Faerie Queen仙后斯宾塞诗体（Spenserian Stanza）: 一共九行，前八行抑扬格五音步，最后一行抑扬格六音步，韵脚为：ababbcbcc。University Wits (大学才子)，dramatists Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) (马娄)，one of the “University Wits”Tamburlaine帖木儿大帝The tragically story of Doctor Faustus 浮士德博士The Jew of Malta 马其他的犹太人William Shakespeare (1564-1616)（莎士比亚）Tragedies:Julius Caesar; Romeo and Juliet; (Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth), Antony and CleopatraComedies:The Comedy of Errors错中错; The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记; A Midsummer Nights Dream仲夏夜之梦; The Merchant of Venice; The Merry Wives of Windsor温莎的风流娘儿们; As you Like it皆大欢喜; Much Ado about Nothing无事生非A Midsummer Nights Dream仲夏夜之梦;Tragi-comedies (传奇剧): Cymbeline辛白林（1609）、The Winters Tale冬天的故事（1610）和The Tempest暴风雨（1611）The plots of Hamlet, Merchant of Venice, Othello, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, King LearThe character of Othello; the character of Iago; the character of Portia; the character of Hamlet; the character of Macbeth; the character of King Lear, etc. Sonnets: Sonnet1; Sonnet 18; rhyme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg, qutrains and one coupletTheme: friendship, beauty, love, the power of poetry, marriage, etc. Ben Johnson (本.琼生)Every Man in His Humor人人高兴, The Alchemist炼金术士, the Fox狐狸John Webster (1580-1632)（韦伯斯特）White Devil, Duchess of Malfi马尔菲公爵夫人17世纪Francis Bacon（培根）Essays 随笔集Of studies 谈读书prose节选：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。Histories make men wise, poets witty, the mathematics subtle, natural philosophy deep, moral grave, logic and rhetoric able to contend读史使人明智，读诗使人聪慧，演算使人精密，哲理使人深刻，伦理学使人有修养，逻辑修辞使人善辩-王佐良Sir Thomas BrowneReligion of a Doctor虔诚的医生proseThomas HobbesLeviathan利维坦proseJohn Locke 洛克Essay Concerning Human Understanding人类理解论prosetwo treatises of civil government政府论proseSamuel Pepys塞缪尔佩皮斯 Diary of Samuel Pepys佩皮斯日记proseRobert Burton罗伯特波顿Anatomy of Melancholy忧郁的解剖proseIzaak Walton艾萨克沃尔顿The Compleat Angler垂钓大全proseMetaphysical Poets （玄派诗人）：John Donne 邓恩The Flea 跳蚤George Herbert 乔治 赫伯特 Andrew Marvell 安德鲁 马维尔Henry Vaughan 亨利 沃恩John Milton弥尔顿 poetParadise Lost 失乐园The character of “Satan”; the main plot Paradise Regained 福乐园Samson Agonistes 力士参孙The contributions of MiltonThe NeoclassicistsAlexander Pope 蒲柏 PoetThe Rape of the Lock 劫发纪Popes Homer Popes ShakespeareThe Dunciad 笨伯记Popes Essay on Man 人论(heroic couplets英雄双韵体)-iambic pentameter, rhyming aabb: “Tis not a lip, or eye, we beauty call,But the joint force and full result of all.Good nature and good sense must ever join;To err is human, to forgive divine. ”His styleJohn Dryden 德莱顿 All for Love一切为了爱情 NeoclassicismWilliam Wycherley威廉威彻利The Plain Dealer光明磊落者William Congreve威廉.康格里夫The Old Bachelor老光棍Daniel Defoe 笛福NeoclassicismRobinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记The character of Robinson Crusoe Captain Singleton 辛格尔顿船长Moll Flanders茉尔.弗兰德斯Colonel Jacque雅克上校Roxana 罗克萨娜Contributions to literature Jonathan Swift 斯威夫特NeoclassicismA Tale of a Tub 一个木桶的故事proseThe Battle of the Books书之战proseA Modest Proposal一个小小的建议proseGullivers Travels格列佛游记 novelThe main plot Style18世纪John Gay约翰.盖伊The Beggars Opera乞丐歌剧playOliver Goldsmith哥尔德斯密斯The Traveler旅行者poemThe Deserted Village荒村-poem， heroic couplet aa,bbThe Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德的牧师novelShe Stoops to Conquer委曲求全-a play Richard Brinsley Sheridan谢里丹The Rivals情敌- comedy of mannersThe School for Scandal造谣学校- comedy of mannersJoseph Addison and Richard Steele旁观者报（spectator）-prose Style: 语言优雅elegant、洗练lucid、幽默humorousSamuel Johnson 约翰逊A Dictionary of the English Language 英语词典Letter to Lord Chesterfield 给车斯特菲尔德勋爵的一封信proseEdwin Gibbon 吉本罗马帝国兴旺史proseSamuel Richardson 理查逊Pamela 帕美勒-Epistolary novelClarissa 克拉丽莎novelHenry Fielding 菲尔丁 NovelistJoseph Andrews 约瑟夫.安德鲁斯传The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生.魏尔德传Tome Jones 汤姆.琼斯The character of Tom Jones Amelia 阿米丽亚Smollett 斯摩莱特-novelistRoderick Random 蓝登传Peregrine PickleHumphry Clinker亨弗利.克林可Lawrence Sterne 斯特恩-novelist The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy 商第传A Sentimental Journey 感伤旅行Sentimentalism:Thomas GrayElegy Written in a Country Churchyard（墓园挽歌poemWilliam Cowper poet19世纪Romanticism浪漫主义Pre-Romanticist Poets：William Blake 布莱克Songs of Innocence天真之歌.Songs of Experience经验之歌Analysis: the symbols of lamb and tigerRobert BurnsPoems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集A Red, Red Rose: sincere love一朵红红的玫瑰Auld Lang Syne: old long since友谊地久天长John Anderson, My Jo: 约翰安德生，我的爱人“Lake Poets” 湖畔诗人 escapist romanticistsWilliam Wordsworth 华兹华斯RomanticismLyrical Ballads: 抒情歌谣集A Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦人I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我独自漫游像一朵浮云My Heart Leaps Up我的心怦然跳动His style-Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯尔律治RomanticismThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子咏Christabel 克里斯特贝尔Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗Biographia Literaria, or Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions 文学生涯: prose workStyle Robert Southey骚塞The Inchcape Rock 印奇开普暗礁George Gordon Byron拜伦poet，RomanticismThe Isles of Greece哀希腊歌Childe Harolds Pilgrimage小侠哈罗德游记Don Juan: 唐璜The character of Don Juan Percy Bysshe Shelley雪莱poet，RomanticismQueen Mab:麦布女王The Revolt of Islam: 伊斯兰的起义Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯The Masque of Anarchy 暴政的假面具Ode to the West Wind: 西风颂an expression of the poets eager aspiration for something free from the care and misery of real life. “O Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”(冬天来了，秋天还会远吗？) Analysis: the symbol of west wind; the definition of “ode”To a Skylark: 致云雀Style-John Keats 济慈poet，RomanticismEndymion:恩底弥翁英雄双韵体的叙事诗。Isabella 伊莎贝拉The Eve of St. Agnes 圣阿格尼丝前夕 Lamia拉弥亚Hyperion许珀里翁Short Poems:Bright Star明亮的星Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂Ode to Autumn 秋颂Ode on Melancholy 忧郁颂Victorian Age 维多利亚时期 （19世纪中后期）Charles Lamb兰姆-essayist RomanticismEssays of Elia 伊利亚随笔初编 proseThe Last Essays of Elia伊利亚随笔续编proseThe style-William Hazlitt 黑兹利特RomanticismLeigh Hunt 利.亨特RomanticismThomas De Quincey 德昆西RomanticismThe Confession of an English Opium-Eater 一个英国吸食鸦片者的自述proseOn the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth论麦克白一剧中的敲门声proseProstitute Ann，proseThomas Carlyle 卡莱尔the History of the French Revolution 法国大革命proseRuskin罗斯金The Love of Beauty， proseMatthew Arnold 马修.阿诺德On Translating Homer 评荷马史诗译本proseEssays in Criticism 评论集proseCulture and Anarchy 文化与无政府状态proseThomas Henry Huxley托马斯.亨利赫.胥黎Evolution and Ethics 天演论proseWalter Scott 司各特 novelist， RomanticismIvanhoe艾凡赫或撒克逊劫后英雄略Waverley 威弗利Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly RomanticismFrankenstein弗兰肯斯坦novelRealismJane Austen奥斯丁， novelist，RealismSense and Sensibility 理智与情感Main plotPride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Main plot Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德花园Emma 爱玛Persuasion 劝告Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺Style-The Bront Sisters 勃朗特三姐妹novelist，RealismCharlotteJane Eyre 简爱The character of Jane Eyre; main plot EmilyWuthering Heights 呼啸山庄The character of Heathcliff; main plot AnneAgnes Grey艾格妮斯格雷Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell盖斯凯尔夫人novelist， RealismMary Barton: 玛丽巴顿Cranford: 克兰福德North and South北与南George Eliot 乔治.艾略特novelist，RealismAdam Bede亚当.比德Silas Marner织工马南The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊Romola罗慕拉Daniel Deronda丹尼尔.狄隆达Middlemarch米德尔马契Style-Charles Dickens (1812-1870) 狄更斯novelist, RealismThe Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿main plot Nicholas Nickleby 尼古拉斯尼克贝The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店Barnaby Rudge 巴纳比拉齐Martin Chuzzlewit 马丁瞿述伟A Christmas Carol 圣诞颂歌Dombey and Son 董贝父子David Copperfield 大为科波菲尔main plot Bleak House 荒凉山庄Hard Times 艰难时世Little Dorrit 小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities 双城记main plot Great Expectations 远大前程main plot Our Mutual Friends 我们共同的朋友The Mystery of Edwin Droop 埃德温朱普的秘密未完成Analysis: style; characterization; themeWilliam Makepeace Thackeray novelist， RealismVanity Fair名利场(derived from John Bunyans Pilgrims Progress)The character of Rebecca Sharp George Meredith梅瑞狄斯novelist，RealismThe Egoist 利己主义者Thomas Hardy 哈代 novelist， RealismFar from the Madding Crowd 远离尘嚣The Return of the Native还乡The Mayor of Casterbridge 卡斯特桥市长main plot Tess of the DUrbervilles 苔丝main plot ; the character of Tess Jude the Obscure 无名的裘德Style and theme Alfred Tennyson 丁尼生 Poet The Lady of Shallot 夏洛特少女The Princess，公主In Memoriam，纪念Idylls of the King,国王的田园诗Style Robert Browning 勃朗宁 poetMy Last Duchess 我的前一位公爵夫人The Ring and the Book 指环与书Men and Women 男人和女人Dramatic Personage 剧中人物Analysis: the style of Browning (晦涩难懂，充满很难懂的意象，背景也常放在意大利；有心理洞察力psychological insight); the definition of dramatic monologue. Elizabeth Barrett Browning 伊莉莎白.勃朗宁poet（勃朗宁夫人）The Cry of the Children孩子们的哭声Pre-Raphaelite Poets 前拉斐尔派诗人poetDante Gabriel Rossetti 罗塞蒂The Germ萌芽The House of Life生命殿堂Christina Georgina Rossetti克里斯蒂娜.罗塞蒂Goblin Market妖魔集市Algernon Charles Swinburne 阿尔杰农.查尔斯.斯温伯恩Atlanta in Calydon亚特兰大女神之在卡力登Poems and Ballads 诗歌与民谣Oscar Wilde王尔德 “aestheticism”The Nightingale and the Rose 夜莺与玫瑰fairy taleThe Happy Prince 快乐王子fairy taleA House of Pomegranates 石榴屋fairy taleThe Picture of Dorian Gray道连格雷的画像novel Lady Windermeres Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子comedy of mannersWoman of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人comedy of mannersAN Ideal Husband理想丈夫comedy of mannersImportance of Being Earnest不可儿戏comedy of mannersSalom莎乐美Symbolic DramaThe Ballad of Reading Gaol里丁监狱之歌poem Analysis: style George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳dramatist，RealismWidowers Houses鳏夫的房产Mrs. Warrens Profession 华伦夫人的职业Man and Superman人与超人Major Barbara 芭芭拉少校Pygmalion 皮格玛利翁或卖花女Heartbreak House 伤心之家Heartbreak House 伤心之家Saint Joan圣女贞德StyleIrish Dramatic Movement爱尔兰戏剧运动 (W. T. Yeats -Irish Renaissance 爱尔兰文艺复兴RealismAbbey Theatre阿贝剧院John Synge 辛格The Well of the Saints 圣泉The Playboy of the Western World 西方世界的花花公子Sean OCasey keisi 肖恩.奥凯西The Shadow of a Gunman 枪手的影子Juno and the Peacock朱诺与孔雀The Plough and the Stars犁和星George Gissing 吉辛-NaturalismThe Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft 四季随笔ProseSir Arthur Conan Doyle 柯南道尔-Detective storySherlock Holmes 福尔摩斯Robert Louis Stevenson 斯蒂文森 RomanticismTreasure Island; 金银岛The Strange Case of Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 化身博士Rudyard Kipling 吉卜林RomanticismIf 如果poemThe Jungle Book 丛林之书book for childrenKim基姆novelJoseph Conrad knrd 康拉德RealismThe Nigger of the Narcissus 水仙号的黑家伙novelLord Jim 吉姆老爷novelNostromo 诺斯特罗莫novelYouth 青春novelVictory 胜利novelHeart of Darkness黑暗的心novelThe character of Kurtz ; main plot John Galsworthy高尔斯华绥RealismThe Forsyte Saga 福尔赛世家novelH. G. Wells威尔斯novelist，RealismTime Machine 时间机器The Invisible Man 隐形人The History of Mr. Polly波利先生传Arnold Bennett 贝内特novelist，RealismThe Old Wives Tale 老妇谭20世纪ModernismVirginia Woolf novelist，伍尔夫Jacobs Room 雅各布的房间Kew Gardens邱园记事The Mark on the Wall 墙上的斑点Mrs. Dalloway达罗卫太太 TO the Lighthouse到灯塔去The Waves海浪The technique of stream of consciousness; moment of importance; style James Joyce 乔伊斯novelist，ModernismDubliners 都柏林人A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 一个青年艺术家的画像Ulysses 尤利西斯Finnegans Wake 芬尼根守灵夜The technique of stream of consciousness; epiphany; style William Butler Yeats 叶芝Poet， ModernismThe Lake Isle of Innisfree 茵湖岛When You Are Old 当你老去The Wind Among the Reeds苇间风The Wild Swans at Coole 库尔的野天鹅The Tower 塔堡Sailing to Byzantium驶向拜占庭Style； the symbol of “winding stair ”T. S. Eliot T.S. 艾略特Poet， ModernismThe Love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockJ 阿尔弗雷德.普鲁弗洛克的情歌poemThe Waste Land 荒原poemMurder of Cathedral 教堂谋杀案playW. H. Auden 奥登 PoetFor the Time Being 此时此刻The Age of Anxiety 忧虑世代The Shield of Achilles 阿喀琉斯的盾牌Dylan Marlais Thomas 托马斯Poet， Neo-romanticismFern Hill 蕨山A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong Dog自传作为一条小狗的艺术家画像Philip Larkin菲利普拉金Poet， Realism“Movement”The Whitsun Weddings降灵节婚礼High Windows高窗D. H. Lawrence D. H.劳伦斯novelist，Modernism Sons and Lovers 儿子与情人The Rainbow 虹Women in Love 恋爱中的女人Lady Chatterleys Lovers 查泰莱夫人的情人Features and theme; pornography and sex William Somerset Maugham毛姆novelist， Modernism Of Human Bondage 人性的枷锁The Moon and Sixpence 月亮与六便士Katherine Mansfield 凯瑟琳曼斯菲尔德novelist，The Garden Party 游园会George Orwell奥威尔novelistDown and Out in Paris and London nonfictionBurmese Days缅甸岁月novelAnimal Farm动物庄园novel1984 1984novelWhy I Write 我为什么写作proseTheme Graham Greene 格雷厄姆.格林novelist，Power and Glory权利与荣耀novelOrient Express东方列车novelE. M. Forster 福斯特novelist，A Passage to India印度之行novelEvelyn Waugh 伊夫林.沃A Handful of Dust一抔黄土novelAldous Huxley 阿道司.赫胥黎 Brave New World美丽新世界或勇敢的新世界Anti-Utop