【三维设计】高考英语总复习（课前体验领悟+课堂考前讲练+课后演练提升+模拟题为例）“语法专题”训练 专题一 时态和语态（含解析）.doc

专题一时态和语态课前体验领悟用所给动词的适当形式填空1you should use your english beyond the classroom rather than just in class, or you will_forget (forget) what you know.2robert is abroad. he had_hoped (hope) for a better job, but he didnt get it.3we were_delayed (delay) at the airport, otherwise we would have been here by lunchtime.4sorry, i cant meet you, tom. by the time you arrive, i will_have_left (leave) for shanghai on business.5sorry, i wasnt_listening (not, listen) when you talked about your suggestion. would you please say it again?课堂考前讲练一般时1.一般现在时(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常用often, usually, every day等时间状语。planning so far ahead makes no sense so many things will have changed by next year.(2011新课标全国卷)这么早做计划没有什么意义到明年很多事情就会变了。(2)表示客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象以及不受时间限制的客观存在。“life is like walking in the snow，” granny used to say，“because every step shows.”(2012新课标全国卷)奶奶过去常说：“生活就如在雪地里走路，因为每一步都显而易见。”(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。will you help me to look for an important file i left in my office this morning immediately you arrive?(2013太原市部分重点中学检测)你能一到办公室就帮我找一下我早上落在办公室的重要文件吗？(4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。the flight takes off at 2：30 every wednesday and friday.飞机每星期三、五230起飞。2一般过去时表示在过去某一时刻、某一时间段内存在的状态或发生的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。the president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.(2012江苏高考)这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他上任时更富有。the three of us travelled around europe for about a month last summer.(2012天津高考)去年夏天，我们三人在欧洲旅行了一个月左右。excuse me.i didnt realize i was blocking your way.(2010全国卷)对不起，我原来不知道挡你的路了。3一般将来时一般将来时表示将来会出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：this evening, tomorrow, next week, in a few minutes, at the end of this term等。常用结构有：(1)“will/shall动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势；表示临时性的打算或决定。fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。by the time you have finished this book, your meal will get cold.(2012北京高考)等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。mr. li was ill in hospital.oh, i didnt know. ill go to see him tonight.李老师生病住院了。哦，我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。点津条件状语从句中的will表示“决心，意愿”，此时will不是助动词，而是情态动词表意愿。if you wont listen to us, just do as you please.如果你不愿意听我们的，就请便吧。(2)“be going to动词原形”表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事；表示根据某种迹象认为最近或将来要发生的事。i am going to write to henry this evening.我今天晚上打算给亨利写封信。it looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去像是要下雨了。(3)“be to动词原形”表示预先安排好的计划或约定；表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等；表示注定要发生的事情。i am to meet mr. brown at eleven oclock this morning.我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。we are to take care of all these children.我们必须照顾所有的这些孩子。(4)“be about to动词原形”表示“正要做某事，即将要做某事”，此结构不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，而经常与when引导的从句连用。the meeting is about to begin.会议就要开始了。4过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。he said that he would wait for us at the station.他说他要在车站等我们。she told her mother that she was going to a dance with tom.她告诉母亲，她要同汤姆一起去参加一个舞会。1(2012北京高考) our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.ahad developedbwas developingcwould develop ddeveloped解析：考查时态。句意：在随后的几周里，我们的友谊迅速发展。根据本句的时间状语over the weeks that followed可知，这里叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。答案：d2(2012安徽高考)walmart, which is one of the largest american supermarket chains，_ some of its stores open 24 hours on mondays through saturdays.akeeps bkeepchave kept dhad kept解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一，部分店从星期一到星期六24小时营业。根据句中的“is”可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语为walmart，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，故选a。答案：a3(2012重庆高考)kevin, you look worried.anything wrong?well, i _ a test and im waiting for the result.awill take btookchad taken dtake解析：考查动词时态。根据“im waiting for the result”可知，kevin已经参加过考试了，是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。答案：b4.(2011上海高考)did you predict that many students_ up for the dance competition?awould sign bsignedchave signed dhad signed解析：句意：你预测会有很多学生参加舞蹈比赛吗？从句意看，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去将来时。答案：a完成时1.现在完成时(1)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与up to now, so far, already, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词以及since引导的状语从句连用。his first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.(2011陕西高考)他的第一本小说自从上个月出版之后就很受欢迎。(2)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。look! somebody has cleaned the sofa.well, it wasnt me. i didnt do it.(2012江西高考)瞧，已经有人打扫了沙发。嗯，不是我，我没做过那件事。(3)用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。when shall we restart our business?not until we have finished our plan.(2010四川高考)什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业？直到我们已完成我们的计划。i will not believe you unless i have seen it with my own eyes.除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。(4)常用于以下固定句式中：在“it (this) is (will be) the first/second/third .timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。this is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.(2009陕西高考)这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。在“it (this) is the adj.最高级名词that从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。it is the most instructive lecture that i have attended since i came to this school.(2011湖南高考)这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。2过去完成时(1)表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。常与by, by the end of, by the time, before, since, until等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句连用。by the time jack returned home from england, his son had graduated from college.(2011辽宁高考)杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。(2)过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与for, since等构成的时间状语连用。by the end of last month he had worked in shanghai for twenty years.到上个月月底他已经在上海工作了整整二十年。(3)某些动词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算”。这类动词主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。peter had intended to take a job in business, but abandoned that plan after the unpleasant experience in canada in 2010.(2012浙江高考)皮特本打算在商界找一份工作，但2010年在加拿大的一次不愉快的经历使他最终放弃了那个计划。(4)常用于以下固定句式中：hardly/scarcely .when .; no sooner .than .中，主句常用过去完成时。hardly (no sooner) had i got home when (than) the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。it was/had been一段时间since从句。since从句中谓语用过去完成时。it was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们10年没这么高兴了。that/it was the first/second . timethat从句。that从句谓语要用过去完成时。it was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。3将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用的时间状语为“by将来的某个时间”。i hear that jason is planning to buy a car.i know. by next month, he will have saved enough for a used one.(2012上海高考)我听说jason计划要买车。我知道。下个月，他的存款将够买一辆二手车了。1(2012江苏高考)the manager is said to have arrived back from paris where he _some european business partners.awould meet bis meetingcmeets dhad met解析：考查动词时态。句意：据说经理已从巴黎回来，在巴黎他与欧洲的一些生意伙伴见面了。根据句中的“is said to have arrived”可知，arrive这个动作是在过去发生的，而见面的动作则是在arrive所表示的动作之前发生的，即发生在过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，故选d项。答案：d2(2012湖南高考)i remember you were a talented pianist at college. can you play the piano for me?sorry, i _ the piano for years.adont play bwasnt playingchavent played dhadnt played解析：考查时态。句意：“我记得在大学时，你是一位极有天赋的钢琴手。你能为我弹奏钢琴吗？”“对不起，我已经多年不弹钢琴了。”由句意可知，选现在完成时。现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作对现在有影响或结果。答案：c进行时1.现在进行时(1)现在进行时主要用来表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。ill go to the library as soon as i finish what i am doing.(2011辽宁高考)我一做完手头上的活就去图书馆。(2)有些动词的现在进行时可以表示预计即将发生的动作：go, come, leave, arrive, return, begin, do, die, lose。“the moment is coming soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.(2012湖南高考)他紧张地等待着，心里想：“这一时刻很快就会来临的。”(3)常与always, forever, constantly, continually, all the time等时间副词连用，表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作，常表示不满、抱怨或赞赏等情感。she is always finding fault with others.她总是挑别人的毛病。2过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。did you catch what i said?sorry. i was answering a text message just now.(2012四川高考)你听懂我的话了吗？很抱歉，刚才我在回短信。(2)表示某动作在某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。have you finished reading jane eyre?no, i was doing my homework all day yesterday.(2010新课标全国卷)你读完简爱这本书了吗？没有，昨天我一整天都在写作业。(3)表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行，其中的持续性动作用过去进行时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。the reporter said that the ufo was traveling east to west when he saw it.那位记者说，当他看到时，不明飞行物正在自东向西飞行。3现在完成进行时(1)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。the manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.(2012全国卷)经理自从上午九点起一直在告诉工人们如何改进项目。(2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。where have you been？we have been looking for you everywhere.你刚才去了哪里？我们一直在到处找你。4将来进行时将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等。can i call you back at two oclock this afternoon?im sorry, but by then i will be flying to beijing. how about five？(2012陕西高考)今天下午两点能给你回电话吗？不好意思，那时我正飞往北京，五点怎么样？1(2012重庆高考)food supplies in the floodstricken area _.we must act immediately before theres none left.ahave run out bare running outchave been run out dare being run out解析：考查动词时态和语态。根据“we must act immediately before theres none left.”可知救灾食品快要用完了，排除a、c项。再根据run out是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态可知，用现在进行时的主动语态。答案：b2(2012福建高考)when did the computer crash?this morning, while i_ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.ahave sorted bwas sortingcam sorting dhad sorted解析：考查动词时态。句意：“电脑什么时候死机的？”“今天上午，当我正在把从一些网站上下载下来的阅读材料进行分类的时候。”根据句意可知，死机发生在“我”正在做某事时，也就是在过去的某个时间点，“我”正在做某事，故应用过去进行时态。答案：b3(2012辽宁高考)i feel so excited! at this time tomorrow morning i _ to shanghai. awill be flying bwill flychave been flying dhave flown解析：考查动词时态。句意：我感到非常兴奋！明天早上这个时候我正在飞往上海。语境强调将来某个时候正在进行的动作，因此用将来进行时。答案：a4(2012安徽高考)in order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the past five hours.adid bdochad done dhave been doing解析：考查动词时态。句意：为了找到那个丢失的孩子，在过去的五个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切事情。根据句中的“can”及时间状语“over the past five hours”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，故选d。答案：d 被动语态英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。做有关被动语态的题目可以分两步走：第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。1被动语态的构成时态谓语构成一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done一般将来时shall/will be done现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were being done过去将来时should/would be done现在完成时has/have been done过去完成时had been doneis honesty the best policy? we are taught that it is when we are little.(2012上海高考)诚实是最好的原则吗？我们小时候被教的是肯定的回答。in the last few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world.(2011天津高考)过去几年中全世界有数千部影片被制作出来。点津动词短语变为被动语态时，要注意动词短语的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词不可遗漏。they sent for the doctor immediately.the doctor was sent for immediately.他们立即派人去请医生。2“get过去分词”表示被动mum, i was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until i get paid on friday. (2012辽宁高考)妈妈，我想知道你能不能借给我几美元，让我能用到星期五发工资。3主动形式表示被动意义(1)系动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem, appear, go, prove, turn等没有被动语态，常用主动形式表示被动。the dish tastes delicious.这道菜味道可口。his plan proved (to be) practical.他的计划被证明符合实际。(2)表示主语的某种属性或性能的动词：read, write, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, shut等，常用主动形式表示被动。the pen writes smoothly.这只钢笔写起来流利。(3)be to blame (受谴责)，be to rent (出租)用主动形式表示被动意义。he is to blame for the accident.他应该对那个事故负责。1(2012安徽高考)after school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it _.awas decorated bhad decoratedchad been decorating dwas being decorated解析：考查时态和语态。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。阅览室显然是被装修，应用被动语态，b和c两项可排除，又根据句意可知，阅览室是正在装修，动作正在进行，故用过去进行时态。答案：d2(2012天津高考)the letters for the boss _ on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later.awere put bwas putcput dhas put解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：给老板的信放在他的办公桌上，但是直到三天后老板才读这些信件。根据句中“didnt read them”可知放信的动作发生在过去，且put与letters之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。答案：a3(2012湖南高考)dont worry. the hard work that you do now _ later in life.awill be repaid bwas being repaid chas been repaid dwas repaid解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：别担心。你现在的艰苦努力今后会得到回报的。根据空后面的later一词可知，此处应用一般将来时态，又因repay与work之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动时态。答案：a4(2012四川高考)they are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.ais being rebuilt bhas been rebuiltcis rebuilt dhas rebuilt解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时态，且house与动词rebuild之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。答案：a课后演练提升.语法与单选1(2013河北普通高中模拟)hi, jack! when did you arrive in berlin?last weekend. i_ a different culture since then.awas experiencingbwill be experiencingchave been experiencing dhad been experiencing解析：考查时态。现在完成进行时态，表示动作从过去的某一时间开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去。分析该题的语境可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，据此选c项。答案：c2(2013浙江六校联考)hey, gary, did linda see you come in?i dont think so. she_ her lessons then.areviewed bwould reviewcwas reviewing dreviews解析：考查时态。句意：“嗨，gary，刚才linda看见你进来了吗？”“我认为没有。她当时正在复习功课。”根据答语第二句中的“then”可知应用过去进行时。答案：c3(2013陕西咸阳高三模拟)she was working as a teacher when i saw her several years ago, but i_ any news about her ever since.ahadnt got bhavent gotcdidnt get dwouldnt get解析：考查时态。句意：几年前我见到她时，她正在当教师，但是自那之后，我就没有她的消息了。根据“ever since”的提示可知，此句应用现在完成时态。答案：b4(2013成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)robert promised me that he_ me a hand when i was in trouble but he failed me.awould give bwill givechad given dhas given解析：考查动词的时态。语意表示“robert许诺我当我有困难的时候他会帮我”，promise这个动作发生在过去，许诺的内容应该相应地用过去将来时，故选a项。答案：a5(2013衡阳一次联考)fortunately, the little girl_ the earthquake, but unluckily, the other family members were killed.awas survived bhas been survivedcwas surviving dsurvived解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：幸运的是，小女孩在地震中幸存了下来，但是不幸的是，其余的家人都遇难了。这是一个由but连接的并列句，根据时态一致原则可知，此处应用一般过去时，sb.survive (s) sth.表示“某人从中逃生”，故用主动语态。答案：d6(2013福建三明质检)the first decade of the 21st century_ the breathtaking, nonstop development of china.awitnesses bwitnessedcwill witness dhad witnessed解析：考查时态。句意：21世纪的第一个十年见证了中国惊人的、持续的发展。根据“the first decade of the 21st century”可知，应用一般过去时。答案：b7(2012长沙模考)the finalterm examinations are coming and each boy and each girl_ forward to the coming holiday.ahas been looked bhave been lookedcare looking dis looking解析：考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意：快期末考试了，每个男生和女生都盼望着即将到来的假期。each . and each .作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据句中的“are coming”可推知，此处应用现在进行时态。故d项正确。答案：d8(2013湖南名校联考)since my grandparents are coming for the weekend, i_ on a sofa.asleep bhave been sleepingchave slept dwill be sleeping解析：考查时态。句意：既然我的祖父母要来度周末，那么我要睡在沙发上了。本句强调的是当说话人的祖父母来的时候，说话人将睡在沙发上，表示的是将来的某个时间正在发生的动作，所以用将来进行时。答案：d9(2013西安第一次质检)by the time pierce comes back from the meeting, we_ here for three hours.awill be waiting bis waitingcwill wait dwill have waited解析：考查时态。by the time表示“到时候为止”，主句通常用完成时。根据句意可知，此处表示的是将来的时间，所以用将来完成时。答案：d10(2013山东潍坊高三模拟)what well do is to leave a note for mum to tell her we_ back till late.ahave not been bare notcwont be dwere not解析：考查时态。句意：我们要做的就是给母亲留张便条，告诉她我们很晚才会回来。根据句意及前面的“well”可知，此处表示“将回来得晚”，应用一般将来时，故选c。答案：c11(2012南京三模)what is the purpose of this experiment?to figure out whether this material_ easily under high pressure.ais broken bwill be brokencbreaks dbroke解析：句意：“这个试验的目的是什么？”“为了搞清楚这种材料在高压下是否容易破。”break, sell, burn, wash, clean, cook等词用作不及物动词表示主语的某种属性、特征或所处状态(常与well，easily等副词连用)，而非强调动作本身时，通常用其主动形式表示被动意义。另外，根据问句中的“is”可知，此处应用一般现在时态。答案：c12(2012苏北四市三调)it is reported that china will not buy the euro debt until some thorough research_.awill be done bhad been donechas been done dwill have been done解析：考查时态和语态。句意：据报道，直到做了深入研究之后中国才会购买欧元债券。until在此引导时间状语从句，主句的谓语为一般现在时或一般将来时时，until从句中的谓语用现在完成时，表示从句中谓语的动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前，又因do与research之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。答案：c13(2013安徽皖北协作区高三联考)the two nurses_ 100,000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion.arewarded bwould be rewardedchave been rewarded dhad been rewarded解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知，reward所表示的动作发生在“donated”这一动作之前，所以用过去完成时；分析句子结构可知，reward与the two nurses之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。答案：d14(2013重庆部分学校高三联考)the boy_ hot on the forehead, so he must be sent to hospital at once.ais felt bis feelingcfeels dhas felt解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这个男孩的额头摸起来发热，所以必须被立刻送往医院。此处的feel是系动词，后接形容词作表语，用主动形式。由语意可知此处是对现在情况的描述，故用一般现在时。答案：c15(2013北京西城期末)have you read todays report about your performance?i dont care what_ about me.awill be written bwritescwrote dis written解析：根据语意可知，what与write之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态，由此可以排除b、c两项；另外，“我不关注关于我的报道”是对答话人观点的客观陈述，应用一般现在时。答案：d16(2013北京朝阳一模)have you seen my email about our tesl project?yes. luckily i checked my emails yesterday. normally i_ my email box for days.ahavent opened bdidnt openchadnt opened ddont open解析：句意：“你看到我的关于tesl计划的电子邮件了吗？”“看到了。幸运的是我昨天查看了电子邮件，正常情况下我是好几天都不打开电子邮箱的。”根据normally可知设空处表示现在的习惯性动作，故用一般现在时。答案：d17(2013三明模拟)is this the first time you_ xiamen?no. but the first time i _ here, the city wasnt so beautiful.avisited; come bvisited; have comechave visited; came dhave visited; have come解析：考查时态。句意：“这是你第一次来厦门吗？”“不。但是我第一次来这儿的时候，这座城市还不这么漂亮。”第一个空格处为固定句型，this is the first timethat从句，从句使用现在完成时。第二个空格处表示过去，所以选c。答案：c18(2013青岛质检)the book has been translated into thirty languages since it_ on the market in 1973.ahad come bwas comeccame dcomes解析：根据句中的时间状语“in 1973”，再结合语境可知此处应用一般过去时。答案：c19(2013成都市毕业班摸底测试)late a