【三维设计】高考英语总复习（课前体验领悟+课堂考前讲练+课后演练提升+模拟题为例）“语法专题”训练 专题四 定语从句（含解析）.doc

专题四定语从句课前体验领悟用适当的关系词填空1rock climbing is a breathtaking activity, where cooperation as well as courage plays an important role.2sam remembered several occasions in the past when he had experienced a similar feeling.3their daughter came back safe and sound, which made the couple sigh in relief.4the course normally attracts 20,000 students per year, of whom up to half are from abroad.5(2013河南洛阳高三统考)if you come across a word whose meaning you have forgotten, please look it up in the dictionary.课堂考前讲练关系代词引导的定语从句1.who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.(2012浙江高考)埃伦是一个画鸟类和自然的画家，出于某种原因，他已退出了所有的社会活动。2which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。youll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family.(2011上海高考)在公共汽车站你会发现有出租车在那里等，你可以租(一辆)去主人家里。the old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.(2011山东高考)这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。3whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(2010北京高考)很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。the school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.(2011四川高考)这家校内商店放假时关门，它的顾客主要是学生。1(2012陕西高考)it is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.athatbwherecwhich dwhat解析：考查定语从句。句意：她第三次赢得比赛，这让我们很吃惊。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的内容。答案：c2(2011新课标全国卷)the prize will go to the writer _story shows the most imagination. athat bwhichcwhose dwhat解析：考查定语从句。 先行词the writer 与定语从句的主语story之间为所属关系， 因此用关系代词whose 引导定语从句。 答案：c关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。the girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour.(2010江西高考)小女孩准备在培训中心与她的妹妹一起上钢琴课，在那里她可以呆一小时。the reason why i dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。点津(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。shes in a hopeless situation, where we will keep a very close eye on her.她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。(2)先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。occasions are quite rare when i have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间陪我的孩子们一天的机会很少。2the way后面的定语从句的关系词。在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。the way (that/which) i thought of to solve this problem proves to be practical.我想到的解决这个问题的方法证明是可行的。(先行词作宾语)i dont like the way (that/in which) you solve the problem.我不喜欢你解决问题的方法。(先行词作方式状语)1(2012江西高考)by 16：30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.awhich bwhencwhat dthat解析：考查定语从句。句意：到下午四点半，差不多营业时间结束的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。先行词是16：30，并且在从句中充当主语，故用关系代词which引导该非限制性定语从句。答案：a2(2012浙江高考)we live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.awhy bwhencto whom don which解析：句意：在我们生活的这个时代，有更多的信息可以比以往任何时候都更加容易获得。该句为主从复合句，an age为先行词，空格处引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语，故用when。答案：b3(2012重庆高考)sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales.awhich bthatcwhen dwhere解析：句意：导购员是一个沟通能力和销售能力同样重要的职位。分析题干可知a position后是一个定语从句，而该从句的引导词在从句中作地点状语，即in which in the position where，故选d。在定语从句中，当position, point, case, stage, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导定语从句。答案：d“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物)和whose三个。julie was good at german, french and russian, all of which she spoke fluently.(2011湖南高考)julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，所有的(三门语言)她都说得很流利。2“复合介词短语关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。he lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一个大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。3ofwhich/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)she showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which had taken more than three years.(2011江西高考)她带着游客参观这座博物馆花了三年多才建成的建筑。点津该考点考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时我们必须注意解题思路。可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：(1)把先行词放在从句中，从句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。he was the man from whose room the thief had stolen the bag.他就是被小偷从其房间偷走包的那个人。(从他的房间里应用上介词from)(2)注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。in the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。(to与从句谓语动词构成搭配turn to“求助于”)1(2012四川高考)in our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.ain whom bin themcof whom dof them解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们班上有46位同学，一半戴眼镜。of whom half相当于half of whom, of表示所属关系。答案：c2(2012山东高考)maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. athem bthatcwhich dwhat解析：考查定语从句。句意：maria写了两部小说，这两部小说都被拍成了电视剧。逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，此处介词of后只能用关系代词which来引导该定语从句。答案：c3. (2012天津高考)i wish to thank professor smith, without _ help i would never have got this far.awho bwhosecwhom dwhich解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我想感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我不会取得这样的成绩。从句中的help是名词，与professor smith是所属关系，故用whose。答案：bas和which引导的定语从句1.as引导的限制性定语从句用在the same . as, such . as, as . as, so . as结构中，as可以作主语、宾语或表语，可以用来代替先行词是表示人或物的名词。they could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple english.他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)these houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)2关系代词as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。after graduating from college, i took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.(2010四川高考)大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。as is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. it is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句) what is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句)众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。(3)as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等；which意为“这一点”。the air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.(2012福建高考)正如报告中所表明的，城市空气质量在过去两个月里已经得到改善。1(2012安徽高考)a lot of language learning，_ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.aas bitcwhich dthis解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那一时期多和孩子说话。分析句子结构可知，“_ has been discovered”为非限制性定语从句，且位于先行词所指的“a lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life”整个句子之间，故用as。答案：a2(2012北京高考)when deeply absorbed in work，_ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.athat bwhichcwhere dwhen解析：考查定语从句。句意：他经常全神贯注地工作，每当这个时候，他就会完全忘记吃饭或睡觉。which he often was是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作was的表语。答案：b课后演练提升.语法与单选1(2013南昌一模)at that moment, i was just standing by the window in my room，_ i could see what was occurring on the street.afrom whichbfrom whosecfrom that dfrom where解析：考查定语从句。句意：那时，我恰好站在我的房间的窗边，从那里可以看到大街上正在发生的事。定语从句中的地点指by the window，而不是the window，因此是“从窗户处”而不是“在窗户”，故选from where。答案：d2(2013福建泉州质检)the film jane eyre，_ jane was a strong character, was adapted from the novel of the same title.awhere bwhichcwho das解析：考查定语从句。句意：简爱这部电影改编自它的同名小说。在这部电影中，简是一个坚强的人物。此处用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the film jane eyre。答案：a3(2012哈尔滨高三模拟)soon children in the camp had many new friends，_ they shared food, stories and projects.afor which bwith whomcof which dto whom解析：考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。分析句子成分可知此处先行词为friends，从句中有短语share sth. with sb.，故此处用“withwhom”引导非限制性定语从句。答案：b4(2013西安第一次质检)there was a tree in front of the house，_ owner was seen sitting under it, enjoying the shade.awhere bwhosecwhich dthat解析：“whose owner was seen sitting under it”是非限制性定语从句，whose在从句中作定语。答案：b5(2012成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)the city was attacked by_ terrible weather_ few citizens had ever experienced before.aso; as bso; thatcsuch; that dsuch; as解析：考查定语从句。第一个空修饰不可数名词用such；第二个空experienced后缺少宾语，所以用as引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语。注意在such . that .结构中，that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分。答案：d6(2013重庆部分学校高三联考)the old lady, all of _ children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government.aher bwhomcwhose dwhich解析：考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：那位所有的孩子都在地震中丧生的老太太得到了当地政府的帮助。本句中的“all of whose children had been killed in the earthquake”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the old lady, whose在从句中作定语。答案：c7(2012“江南十校”联考)there are a lot of stories about yao ming, a super basketball star，_ this is an example.afor whom bfor whichcof whom dof which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“this is an example”是定语从句，修饰“stories”，故排除a、c两项，又因此处表示许多故事中的一个，故用of which。答案：d8(2012温州二测)our psychology teacher seems unable to explain everything in a way_ makes sense to us.ain which bof whichc/ dthat解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们的心理学老师似乎不能用易于理解的方法解释所有事情。that引导定语从句修饰先行词a way, that在从句中作主语。答案：d9(2013南通一调)i adore my english teacher because he can always create an atmosphere_ all the students feel respected and cared for.athat bwhencwhere dwhich解析：考查定语从句。句意：我崇拜我的英语老师，因为他总能创造出一种所有学生都能感到受尊敬和关爱的氛围。分析句子结构可知，“all the students feel respected and cared for”是定语从句，修饰atmosphere，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where。答案：c10(2013黑龙江质检) you can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something_ you might get in the future.athat; what bwhat; /cwhich; that d/; that解析：考查宾语从句和定语从句。很明显，第一个空前没有名词或代词，这是介词后的宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少have的宾语，指物，用what。第二个空前有不定代词something，我们把它代入从句中，可以作get的宾语，说明是定语从句，用关系代词that, that在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。答案：b11(2013宝鸡模拟)the reason _ he was late was _ he had to send his grandma to a hospital.athat; why bwhy; becausecwhy; that dthat; because解析：考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是不得不送奶奶去医院。the reason 为先行词，定语从句中缺少状语，故用why。the reason .is/was that .为固定句式，意为“理由是”。答案：c12(2013天津和平区一模)im very grateful to my high school teachers, without _ help i wouldnt be so excellent.awhom btheircwhose dwhich解析：句意：我很感激我的中学老师，没有他们的帮助我就不会这么优秀。whose引导定语从句，带入定语从句后为：without my teachers help i .。without前若有and则选b，即and without their help i .。答案：c13(2013会宁模拟)mount wuyi is such an attractive place of interest _ everyone likes to visit.athat bascwhich dwhat解析：考查定语从句。句意：武夷山是一个大家都喜欢参观的吸引人的名胜。such .as“像那样”，引导定语从句；such .that .“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。答案：b14(2013兰州模拟)the boss _ department mr. li worked ten years ago looks down upon women.ain which bin thatcin whose dwhose解析：考查定语从句。句意：十年前李先生工作的部门老板看不起女性。whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰department，其先行词为the boss。in .department“在部门”。答案：c15(2013唐山模拟)recently my father bought an ancient chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.awhich price bthe price of whichcits price dthe price of whose解析：考查定语从句。句意：最近我父亲买了一个古代的花瓶，这个花瓶的价格很合理。which在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，其先行词为vase。the price of which也可以用whose price代替。答案：b.语法与阅读用所学语法知识破译下列长难句1(2012全国卷阅读a)animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.结构分析本句是一个复合句。主句是animals may drink dirty water outside, that引导的定语从句修饰先行词animals；which引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词water。尝试翻译没有干净的、不冻的水喝的动物可能会饮用外面的脏水，而这些水可能含有不健康的物质。2(2012安徽高考阅读d)in asia,