壳牌低温脱硝、二恶英及氧化亚氮消除技术系统介绍.doc

壳牌低温脱硝、二恶英及氧化亚氮消除技术系统介绍2010-01-30 23:30:09|分类： 活性炭技术 |标签： |字号大中小订阅 壳牌低温脱硝、二恶英及氧化亚氮消除技术系统介绍 该技术系统是由英荷壳牌集团的成员之一，CRI（Catalyst Regeneration International）国际公司下属的全资子公司CRI催化剂公司开发的。CRI的总部设在美国休斯顿。1998年营业额5亿美元，主要从事炼油、石油化工和化工催化剂生产、销售和技术服务业务。 CRI催化剂公司（CRI Catalyst Company）主要从事环氧乙烷催化剂、脱NOx催化剂、脱VOx催化剂的生产与销售，同时还进行技术转让。在比利时根特和美国马丁内兹有两家生产厂。 CRI处理烟气的催化剂系统主要有三种： 壳牌低温氮氧化物去除系统(SDS) CRI为各种静止火源和化工过程所产生的氮氧化物(NOx)提供壳牌低温氮氧化物去除系统(Shell DeNOx System, SDS)。CRI特别研发的脱硝技术具备高效率、低工作温度的有利条件，特别在改建低温设备的情况下突出低成本的优势。 NOx Reduction CRI Selective Catalytic (SCR) NOx Reduction Technology Since its commercial introduction in the 1970s,Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) has gained wide acceptance worldwide as the most effective and technologically proven method for high-percentage NOx removal from flue gases. CRIs technology, known as the Shell DeNOx System (SDS), operates on the SCR principal. It uses ammonia (NH 3) as the reductant and a catalyst to promote the reaction of NH 3 with NOx, forming nitrogen and water. An efficient retrofit The CRI SCR catalyst can operate at lower temperatures and with lower pressure drop than conventional SCR catalysts. Consequently, the CRI SCR system can be installed immediately before or in the stack, thereby avoiding any modifications to combustion or heat-recovery equipment or negative effects on other upstream plant operations. This makes the CRI technology very cost-effective for retrofit SCR applications. Typical Application Conditions and Performance of the CRI Low-Temperature SCR Technology:Operating Temperature Typical Application 325-450 F /160-230 C Range 300-700 F/ 150-375 CPressure Drop Typical Application 2-3 in. H2O/ 5-7.5 mbar Range As low as 1 in. H2O/2.5 mbarPerformance NOx Conversion 90% NH3Slip5-10 ppm or lower Unique catalyst and module technology The CRI technology differs from conventionalSCR systems in two important aspects: the catalyst and the catalyst reactor module. The catalyst is in the form of pellets and can be produced in a range of sizes and shapes to meet specific performance requirements. Due to the high activity of the catalyst, high NOx removal efficiencies with simultaneous control of NH3 slip can be obtained at relatively low temperatures. The catalyst reactor module is based on the Lateral Flow Reactor (LFR) principal. The LFR is a packed-bed type reactor which offers the advantage of low pressure drop even at high space velocities. Furthermore, the LFR design makes possible the most efficient utilization of the SCR catalyst, which minimizes the amount of catalyst required and facilitates fast loading and unloading of catalyst from the reactor. Development of the LFR technology has resulted in a modular construction system, providing a high degree of flexibility in the design of SCR systems for specific applications, particularly retrofit. A broad range of applications The CRI SCR technology has been successfully applied to combustion and chemical process operations including gas turbines, refinery heaters, boilers, ethylene cracker furnaces, nitric acid plants and waste incineration facilities. Resulting from the high catalyst activity and flexibility of the LFR module design, the optimal and most cost-effective combination of NOx removal, NH 3 slip, temperature, pressure drop and available plot or duct space can be developed for virtually any application. 去除氮氧化物系统（SDS）世界上最好的低温脱硝技术和系统 SCR催化剂，采用独特的侧流方式，具有效率高、压降小（1020mbar）、工作温度低（130380）实际的造价和使用的成本低；氮氧化物的排除量1050PPMV，可去除6098%氮氧化物；可按要求设计，广泛地应用于硝酸厂、已内酰胺厂、燃气轮机、燃煤燃气锅炉、垃圾焚烧炉、炼油厂加热炉、乙烯裂解炉等。 壳牌二恶英去除系统 (SDDS) CRI为城市固废及危险废液焚烧处理设备产生的二恶英提供壳牌二恶英去除系统 (Shell Dioxin Destruction System, SDDS)。SDDS实现成本低，效率高的成功方案，能让客户达到最严格的二恶英排放标准。 CRI Catalytic Dioxin Destruction Technology Dioxins Dioxins comprise a family of over 200 chemical compounds known as persistent organic pollutants, harmful by-products of industrial processes and waste incineration. Major sources of dioxin emissions include municipal solid, industrial liquid and medical waste incineration, as well as some chemical and metal sintering operations. Dioxins are potent carcinogens; their adverse effects also include neurological,developmental, reproductive and immunotoxic effects. The Shell Catalytic Dioxin Destruction System (SDDS) from CRI is a proven low-temperature technology for flue gas dioxin emission destruction, with excellent cost/performance benefits compared to other dioxin emission control technologies. The Shell Dioxin Destruction System Single-step simplicity Unlike technologies based on carbon adsorption, the CRI catalytic system destroys dioxin compounds in a single process step, with no subsequent processing needed. In addition, the CRI process does not require the addition of any reactant beyond the oxygen already in the flue gas. The CRI system uses a specially developed catalyst to convert dioxins to a mixture of harmless gases. Low emissions at low temperatures The CRI dioxin destruction catalyst enables dioxins to be reduced to extremely low levels at low flue gas temperatures, even as low as 320 F (160 C). Unique reactor design The CRI dioxin destruction catalyst is contained in engineered stainless steel modules called lateral flow reactors, which expose the greatest amount of catalyst surface to the flue gas which gives the highest performance with lowest pressure drop. High destruction efficiency The combination of high catalyst activity with the lateral flow reactor allows the Shell Dioxin Destruction System to easily achieve high dioxin destruction efficiency. From the highest inlet concentrations, the system can achieve over 99.9% destruction of dioxins and furans, down to the lowest worldwide regulated emission limit of 0.1 ng TEQ NM3. Flexible applications The CRI catalytic dioxin destruction technology has been successfully applied to both liquid waste incinerators after the wet acid gas scrubber, and to solid waste incinerators after the acid gas and particulate removal systems. The low-operating temperature and the ability to design for low pressure drop allow the Shell Dioxin Destruction System to be positioned at the tail end of most existing processes, just prior to the stack. The Shell Dioxin Destruction System Process Flow Chart Solid Waste Incineration Application Hazardous Liquid Waste Incineration Application Easy retrofit The compact, lightweight nature of the system allows easy retrofit onto existing facilities where space is limited. Installation at the end of the process results in significant savings in installation and operating costs, with minimal downtime for installation. 先进环保工艺： 壳牌去除二恶英系统（SDDS）选择性催化技术可以在低温下（100C）去除高达99.99%的二恶英，可达到0.01Ng/Nm的世界最高标准。它的结构与SDS相同，采用独特的侧流式，即气体要透过侧面的催化剂层流出去；壳牌的催化剂的活性是其他催化剂的活性的2-5倍，并且是多孔的，这样就增大了接触面积。目前有30多套系统在世界各地的医疗垃圾、工业民用垃圾的焚烧炉、焦化厂等。 安装位置： 壳牌SDDS系统，可以安装在尾气的前后，无论在什么位置，SDDS系统均能保持极小的压力降，对生产的影响极小。 主要优点：1、适宜温度从130-380C，常用的温度160-210C；2、二恶英排出可以小于每立方米0.01纳克,和去除最高达99.99%的二恶英；3、不需要任何的反应剂和添加剂；4、 结构紧凑,体积小；安装简便,快到停产几天就可安装完成；5、催化剂活性高，一次性投入,可用5-8年；6、可同时去除垃圾焚化中产生的氮氧化物。 大致反应方程式：C12HnCl8-nO2+(9+0.5n)O2 =(n-4)H2O+12CO2+(8-n)HCl CRI氧化亚氮减排系统 CRI能为硝酸、己内酰胺、己二酸及其它行业提供高效的氧化亚氮减排系统，进而通过减排量换取碳信用额和财务收入，争取经济、环保两益双收。 N2O Decomposition N2O Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is formed and emitted into the atmosphere in significant concentrations from several industrial chemical processes, in particular the production of nitric acid, caprolactum and adipic acid. N2O is a strong greenhouse gas (GHG) and has a global warming potential of 310 times higher than CO2. In the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) countries under the Kyoto Protocol, N2O is included as a GHG and N2O reduction projects can be used to generate tradable carbon credits and financial revenues. CRI N2O Decomposition Technology The CRI N2O Abatement Technology (C-NAT) is a catalytic technology for the decomposition of nitrous oxide (N2O) in chemical streams. The CRI technology is a direct N2O decomposition process that does not require the addition of any reducing agent or other reactant. N2O destruction of 90% or higher can be achieved over a range of temperatures and pressures. No undesirable byproducts are formed. The catalyst does not form other oxides of nitrogen such as NO or NO2. Applications for the CRI N2O abatement technology include the tail gas from nitric acid, caprolactam and adipic acid plants. The CRI N2O decomposition technology is highly effective under the range of operating conditions and tail gas compositions typically found in such plants. Typical Application and Performance of the CRI N2O Abatement Technology Operating Temperature Typical Application475 - 525 C / 885 - 975 F Range450 - 650 C / 840 - 1200 F Pressure1-12 bara N2O Concentration500-2000 ppm N2O Destruction70 95% N2O Abatement System The CRI N2O destruction catalyst is in the form of pellets. The catalyst is contained in a reactor module which is based on the Lateral Flow Reactor (LFR) principle. The LFR is a packed-bed type reactor in which the catalyst pellets are contained in thin layers between gas channels. The flue gas is forced laterally through the catalyst layers which makes possible the most efficient utilization of the catalyst and which minimizes pressure drop even at high space velocities. The catalyst modules are housed in a reactor house, typically in a single layer, which provides support to the modules as well as sealing around the modules to insure all of the gas passes through the catalyst bed. The reactor house can be atmospheric or the catalyst modules can be incorporated inside of a pressure vessel for high pressure applications. The reactor house can be designed for vertical up or down flow or horizontal flow. The CRI N2O process does not require the addition of any reducing agent or other reactant. The CRI N2O catalyst is stable in the presence of NOx (NO + NO2) and ammonia (NH3) so that it can be located upstream or downstream of a selective catalytic NOx reduction (SCR) system. If the tail gas temperature is lower than the optimum temperature range of the CRI technology, flue gas reheat with associated heat recovery can be installed upstream of the catalyst reactor to optimize process economics. N2O Decomposition: Nitric Acid Plants N2O emissions from nitric acid plants can range from about 2 to 20 kg (5 to 50 lbs) per ton of HNO3 or up to 3500 ppm concentration in the tail gas, depending on the nitric acid process and plant operating conditions. The CRI N2O catalyst technology is highly effective in significantly reducingN2O emissions from nitric acid plants. N2O destruction of 90+% can be achieved. The CRI technology is a tertiary N2O removal technology for installation in the tail gas stream of the nitric acid process after the absorber