大学英语四级写作强化.ppt

大学英语四级写作 四级写作内容篇 题材现实性四级写作的题材具有显著的现实性 基本可以分为两大类 1 贴近大学生的学习工作及课余生活的校园题材2 论及当前社会的现象 发展变化及进步的热点话题 1 RecreationalActivities 2008 6 2 WhatElectivestoChoose 2007 12 3 WelcometoOurClub 2007 6 4 VolunteersNeeded 2006 6 5 ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourist 2005 12 6 Teachers Day 2005 6 7 ACampaignSpeech 2005 1 8 ABriefIntroductiontoaTouristAttraction 2004 6 9 ALetterinReplytoaFriend 2004 1 校园题材 关于此类题材的近五年的真题作文列举如下 1 LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags 2008 12 2 SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV 2006 12 3HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentobeIndependent 2010 1 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2 为了让孩子独立 父母应该 四级作文命题透析 社会热点话题 健康 1身体健康 health physical keepfit wellbeing emotional physical psychological 2008 12 2008 06 2007 12 98 06 93 01 91 902人的心理健康 psychologically mentally independent cooperative competitive considerate confident creative sociable selfish isolated conservative 2009 12 绿色校园不仅指绿色环境 2007 12 2007 06 参加社团缓解压力 教育与娱乐 recreation relax entertainment cultivate foster enlighten giveinspirationto motivate expandone shorizon 促进学生身心发展 promotethestudent sphysical intellectualandemotionaldevelopment well rounded versatile mouldone scharacter teamspirit 2009 06 博物馆免费开放的目的 2008 06 娱乐使人们受益 2007 12 学生选课不同原因 2007 06 参加社团的好处 2006 12 看春晚 方便VS效率 2008 12 一次性塑料袋广泛使用 2002 06 计算机普及程度 2002 01 食堂服务 1994 01 现代化交通工具发达 1991 01 自行车在中国这样普及2006 06 学生自由选择教师 方便学生 提高办学的效率 节省和浪费 savetime money space economical thrift wastetime money space costly2009 06 博物馆作为教育资源 2008 12 塑料袋使用 2004 01 报考专业理由 人才浪费 2002 01 对食堂批评 2000 01 上大学费用 takingapart timejob ease alleviatefamilyfinancialburden1996 01 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题1998 01 假冒伪劣商品对个人 浪费金钱 环境 environment pollute poisonous dirty contamination detrimentalto sustainabledevelopment 2009 12 2009 06 公共设施环境维护 图片 2008 12 preserveenvironment 2007 06 社团主要内容 环保组织 healtheworld 2005 12 校园是否对游客开放 1990 06 城市绿化 安全和危险 safe danger risk 2009 06 公共场所存在安全隐患 2008 06 98 01 假冒伪劣产品安全隐患 97 06 大学生了解社会的必要性 社会的险恶 陷阱 trap 96 01 双休日带来的问题 travel 经验 workingexperience socialexperience enterthesociety practicalexperience associatetheorywithpractice interpersonalskills 2007 12 开设选修课目的 2007 06 社团的好处 expandone shorizon enlargeourknowledge 2005 01 具备胜任学生会主席的条件 2001 01 取得面试成功的因素 97 06 大学生了解社会的必要性 个人权利与自由 2007 12 学生选课不同的原因 2006 06 允许学生选择老师 学生权利 student centered 2004 01 报考专业理由 用词是否恰当 准确 形象 关键词是否换用 切勿老用重复词 P5 Good advisable sensible informative useful instructive Good beneficial advantageous helpful excellent outstanding Bad undesirable mindless worthless Bad harmful baneful detrimental Lotsof ahostof avastnumberof 可数名词 agreatdealof avastamountof 不可数名词 substantial considerable heapsofImportant crucial vital significant key P4 indispensable integral desire替换wantpourattentioninto替换payattentiontobearinmindthat替换remember促进 提高 增强 改善giveaboostto enhance motivate better promote 角色与功能 Playanimportant active major central crucial essential integral prominent vital role Playabigpart Takealeadingpart 允许与阻止 Make possible 电脑的使用促使人们在家上班 Theuseofcomputersandotherhigh techofficeequipmenthasmadeitpossibleformorepeopletoworkfromhome Enable encourage entitle 谈中国的老年人如何受到社会的尊重 适用于个人 社会类话题InChina respectforseniorcitizensisshowninthefactthattheyareentitledtomanypublicservicesfreeofcharge Stop keep prevent prohibit 太多的学业压力对学生的负面影响 Toomuchacademicpressuredeprivesyoungstudentsoftheopportunitytotakepartinanyextracurricularactivitiesandpreventthemfromenjoyingtheirschoolyears hinder obstruct hedge Deprive privilege shelter pension compensate courtesy Increasing ly growing替换moreandmore 注意没有growingly这种形式 所以当修饰名词时用increasing growing 修饰形容词 副词用increasingly sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth 非常地exceedingly extremely greatly remarkably significantly utterly 在当代Incontemporarysociety inpresent daysociety inthisdayandage formypart frommyownperspective替换inmyopinion 破坏Destroy impair undermine jeopardize devastate 支持观点 befor convince insist voiceasupportfor votefor win 反对观点 argueagainst combat disagreewith disregard oppose goastray flourish rival thrive administration Transform change 应用 科技改变我们的生产和生活方式 环境变化 教育思路 取消文理分科 通才教育 generalist Preserve protect 保护某种资源 naturalresourcesoroldbuildings demolish teardown 英国人尊重历史和文化 解决 Solve dealwith copewith handle resolve address tackle economiccrisis deterioratedenvironment shortagesofwater unemployment trafficjams 培养 Develop cultivate foster culture education cultivatethespiritofindependence 认为 maintain assert hold argue beconvinced befirmlyconvinced 消除 Eliminate clear remove clearup Alleviate ease 减轻 缓解 就业压力 新能源缓解资源紧张 经济增长方式转变缓解发展压力 Anumberofmeasuresweretakentoalleviatetheproblem Worsen deteriorate aggravate 环境恶化 人们认为 itisgenerally widelybelieved held agreedthat适应的形势 变化 adapt adjust accommodate 使适应 oneselftonewenvironment change 接触各种思想 经历 beexposedtonewideas experiences problems 影响与冲击 Profound SignificantDamagingDevastatingDestructivedisastrousInfluenceImpactEffectaffect Whenaskedaboutthefunctionofmedia manypeopleagreetothefirstview 此外 表示 多 的词还有 vast quiteafew anarmyof anoceanof aseaof agreatnumberof Cheatinginexamhappensinourdailylife Dishonestyoccurredmoreandmoreinoursociety theoverwhelmingmajorityof hasbecomeacommonoccurrence Obviously thepictureshowsthatacultureofonenationmaybecomeinternational whichisbeneficialtoallthehumanbeings show indicate reveal suggest proveAsthenumbershows nearly200billiondollarsarelostintobaccoeveryyear number figure statistics 用词的生动性 is首先前者的问题在于be动词是静态的 没有活力的 therebe也是如此 makemakesb dosth 英语的词化程度较高 存在大量词语 一个单词的存在使得很多词语不再被需要dismay使震惊 convince使信服 避免be形式表达 尽可能选择表示强有力的行为动词 写出生动 简洁 有力 耐读和连贯的文章 Thereisabeautifulparknearmyhouse ThenameoftheparkisTian TanPark whichwasbuiltseveralhundredyearsago ItisthebiggestparkinBeijing TheTian Tanparkisfamousnotonlyforitsbeautybutitsquietnessaswell NearmyhousestandsTian Tan thebiggestparkinBeijing builtseveralhundredyearsagoandfamousnowfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsquietness Ecologicalimbalancesisthebiggestthreattothesurvivalofwildanimalsandplants Ecologicalimbalancesthreatenthesurvivalofwildanimalsandplants evenhumanbeings TheInternetmakesmelearnEnglishmoreconveniently TheInternetfacilitatedmyEnglishstudy Hiscriminalrecordmadehimunabletobeadmittedtotheuniversity Hiscriminalrecorddisqualifiedhimfrombeingadmittedtotheuniversity 避免一味用Thereis开头 Therearemoreandmorepeoplewhorealizetherelationbetweenexaminationandteachingmethods Therelationbetweentheexaminationandteachingmethodsisincreasinglyrecognized 避免一味用People I We开头Wewillalwaysrememberthesmileonherface Thesmileonherfacewillbefirmlyrootedinourminds Wecertainlyshouldoffergoodservice Goodserviceiscertainlyrequired It 句型的广泛使用 Itmustbepointedoutthat 必须指出 Itmustbeadmittedthat 必须承认 Itisimaginedthat 人们认为 Itcannotbedeniedthat 不可否认 Itwillbeseenfromthisthat 由此可知 Itshouldberealizedthat 必须认识到 Itis always stressedthat 人们 总是 强调 Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat 可以毫不夸张地说 变换句式优化文章Lecture1长句和短句变换Lecture2主动句和被动句变换Lecture3非谓语从句变换Lecture4比较句变换Lecture5松散到紧凑变换 变换句式优化文章 短句变长句受汉语思维习惯影响 很多考生往往会直接将脑子里的意思译成英语 而忽略句与句之间的联系 导致写出来的句子无法体现英语作为 形合语言 的特点 因此 在平时写作时 考生要注意前后句子之间是否存在联系 善于发现各个简单句之间的关联 用恰当的连接词将简单句连接起来 组成准确地道的复杂长句 增加文章的气势 例1 例2 例3 例4 2 长句变短句长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想 但如果片面追求复杂句子 反而会显得华而不实 成为表达的累赘 写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要而定 短句不仅指句子长度较短 也指句子内部结构精炼 简洁是写作的一个重要原则 用词累赘则是写作的大忌 例1 原文 Hisfather whoisasalesman becameamillionaireovernight 优化 Hisfather asalesman becameamillionaireovernight 例2 原文 Perhapstheybasicallydistrustedourcapacitytojudgecorrectly 优化 Theydistrustedourjudgment 一 将下面的长句和短句进行优化改写 使其更符合表达要求 原句 优化 原文 优化 二 请按照所给提示对下面的作文进行句式优化 主动句和被动句变换与汉语相比 英语更注重动作本身 而不是动作的执行者 因此在英语中被动语态的使用相对多一些 但这并不表明要一味地追求被动语态的使用 主动变被动1 不需要体现动作的执行者 原文 Weshouldpaymoreattentiontotheelderlywhohaddevotedtheiryouthandenergytoourcountry 优化 Moreattentionshouldbepaidtotheelderlywhohaddevotedtheiryouthandenergytoourcountry 2 需要强调动作的承受者 原文 TheemployeeselectedMr Lichairmanofthecommitteelastweek 优化 Mr Liwaselectedchairmanofthecommitteebytheemployeeslastweek 3 保持陈述对象的一致 以求行文通顺 原文 WhenthePrimeMinisterarrivedattheairport hundredsofreporterssurroundedhimimmediately 优化 WhenthePrimeMinisterarrivedattheairport hewasimmediatelysurroundedbyhundredsofreporters 2 被动变主动1 需要体现动作的执行者 原文 Ifyouarefriendlytoothers youwillbeheldhospitableattitudetowardsbythemandviceversa 优化 Ifyouarefriendlytoothers theywillholdhospitableattitudetowardsyouandviceversa 2 保持陈述对象的一致 以求行文通顺 原文 Oneveryimportantqualitydevelopedbymanyindividualsduringafirstjobisself reliance ThisqualitywascultivatedbymewhenIwasallowedbymysupervisortosetupandconductmyownsurveyproject 优化 Duringtheirfirstjob manyindividualsdeveloptheirveryimportantqualityofself reliance Icultivatedthisqualitywhenmysupervisorallowedmetosetupandconductmyownsurveyproject 专项训练 一 要求 请将下面句子中语态使用不当的地方进行优化改写 使其更符合表达需要 非谓语和从句变换非谓语动词包括不定式 动名词 现在分词和过去分词 例1 原文 WhenIlookintothefuture IwilltrymybesttoservemyfellowstudentsifIamluckyenoughtobePresidentoftheStudentUnion 优化 Lookingintothefuture IwilltrymybesttoservemyfellowstudentsifIamluckyenoughtobePresidentoftheStudentUnion 例2 原文 In1836 therearosetheworking classmovementwhichisknownasChartism whichwasthefirstproletarianrevolutionarymovement 优化 in1836 therearosetheworking classmovementknownasChartism whichwasthefirstproletarianrevolutionarymovement 专项训练 一 要求 请将下列句子中划线的从句部分改为非谓语动词形式 原文 优化 二 要求 请对下面段落中的划线部分进行优化改写 原文 优化 比较句变换1 表示相似性1 justas so 正如 也一样 例 Justasfoodisnecessarytolife soarebookstoourspirit 2 share have incommon 在 方面有共同点 例 ChinaandtheU S Ahavesomeinterestsincommoninforeigntradearea 3 bearsimilarities resemblancesto 和 具有相似之处 例 LotsofancientChineseconstructionsbearstrikingresemblancestothatinotherpartsoftheworld whichdisclosesthesimilarityinhumancivilization 4 thesameistrueof with 也是如此 例 Peoplewhoarefinanciallyindependentwillbebulliedbytherichones Andthesameiftruewithcountries 5 viceversa thereverseistrue 反之亦然 例 Ifyouarefriendlytoothers theywillholdhospitableattitudetowardsyouandviceversa 6 as as 和 一样 7 noless than 不比 少 差 nomore than 不比 多 强 例 Thefatherisanambitiousman theson sambitionisnolessthanthefather 2 表示差异性1 theoppositeof 恰恰与 相反 例 Hehopesthathiswifecangivebirthtoamaleinheritortosuchalargefortune whereashiswife swishisjusttheoppositeofhis 2 itisjusttheotherwayround 相反 例 Heisnotyourfriend Itisjusttheotherwayround Heisyourrival 3 different differfrom inthat 与 的不同之处在于 例 Hischaracterisdifferentfromhisbrotherinthatheisintrovert 4 less than 比 少 差 more than 比 多 强 例 Moreandmorepeoplearebuyingnewcarsthaneverbefore 专项训练 要求 请将括号中所给汉语译成英语 1 Suchkindofbooks 不像 那么抽象 thosefulloftechnicaltermsandformulae cancolorpeople slifeandrelievetheirtension 答案 notas soabstractas2 Ifyouarehonesttoothers 他们也会真诚地对待你 反之亦然 答案 theywilltreatyousincerelyandviceverse 松散到紧凑变换如果一篇文章只是具有意义上的连贯 而形式上比较松散 就很难突出主题 较好地表达作者的意图 为了能够使文章主题明确 线索明了 而且句式富于变化 句与句之间 段与段之间都需要一定的连接手段 写作中常用的连接手段有 1 使用过渡性词语表示过渡性的词语从功能上分 主要可以分为表转折 表让步 表层进 表举例或列举 表总结 表强调 表比较或对比等连接词语 表转折 but however nevertheless instead ontheotherhand表让步 although though despite evenso evenif though regardlessof inspiteof表层进 first tobeginwith furthermore besides moreover inaddition what smore lastbutnotleast表举例或列举 forexample forinstance asanillustration suchas表总结 insummary inaword inbrief inconclusion toconclude inshort onthewhole表强调 indeed ofcourse inparticular aboveall mostimportant infact表比较或对比 While whereas likewise similarly equally incomparisonwith comparedwith inthecontrary inthecontrast bycontrast 例 Walter sgoalinlifewastobecomeasuccessfulsurgeon First hehadtogetthroughhighschool soheconcentratedallhiseffortsonhisstudies inparticular biology chemistry andmath Becauseheworkedconstantlyonthesesubjects Walterbecameproficientinthem however Walterforgotthatheneededtomasterothersubjectsbesidesthosehehadchosen Asaresult duringhisjunioryearofhighschool WalterfailedbothEnglishandLatin Consequently hehadtorepeatthesesubjectsandhewasalmostunabletograduateonschedule Finally onJune6 Walterachievedthefirststeptowardrealizinghisgoal 2 使用过度性的句子与段落中句与句之间的连贯一样 一篇文章中各段落之间也需要以一定的方式来明确各段之间的逻辑关系 从而使整篇文章形成一个统一连贯的整体 段与段之间除了借助一些篇章层次上的连接性词语 如however similarly therefore ontheotherhand onthecontrary incontrast inconclusion inshort等 还经常需要使用一些表示过渡性的句子来确保其连贯性 例 EverystudentwillbefacedwiththesamequestionwhenhepassestheCollegeEntranceExamination Shouldhechooseagoodmajororagooduniversity Answersdifferasfordifferentgroupsofpeople Somestudentsgiveprioritytoagoodmajor Whattheycherishisaspecialtytheylikemost Intheirmind 3 利用代词指代上文提到过的事物英语中比较习惯运用代词来代替上文提到过的人或事物 从而增强上下文的连贯性 并避免重复 使语言更加简洁明了 例 Installingmonitorcamerasisgoodforresidentsandneighborhood Firstofall aswhattheadvocatesclaim itisaneffectiveapproachtoimprovethesecuritysituation Consequentlytheguardscaneasilyknowwhatisgoingoninthedistrictsfromthescreensofthemonitorcameras 句式变换综合练习 训练一Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledTheAdvantagesofWatchingTV Youshouldwriteatleast120words andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow 1 看电视对人们有好处2 给出你的理由 8分作文 标准分57分 TheAdvantagesofWatchingTV1 ItistruethatsomeTVprogramsarenotgoodforpeopletowatch 2 However wecannotdenythattherearegoodprogramswhichcanbenefitpeoplewhoarefromallkindsofworks 3 Therefore wecannotoverlooktheadvantagesofwatchingTV 4 Manyremarkablereasonscontributetothisargument 5 Firstofall watchingTVisgoodrelaxation 6 ThepleasantmusicandpicturesonTVcanmakeourbodiesandmindsrelax 7 Wearekeptawayfromtensionandfatigue 8 Second watchingTVisentertaining 9 TVcanbringbeautifulsceneryallovertheworldrightinfrontofusandmakeourlifefullofjoys 10 Third watchingTVisinforming 11 TVopensawindowforus 12 Throughitwecanlearnmoreknowledgeandskillsindifferentfields 13 AllmentionedabovetellusthatTVisofgreatimportancetous 14 Itisbeneficialtoourstudyandlife 15 ThereisnodenyingthatweshouldtakebetteradvantageofTV 训练二Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledForaBetterUnderstandingbetweenParentsandChildren Youshouldwriteatleast120words andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow 1 父母和孩子之间存在代沟2 代沟产生的原因3 如何消除代沟 1 Nowadays manyfamiliesarefacingtheproblemthatthereismisunderstandingbetweenparentsandchildren 2 Weoftenhearfrustratedparentscomplainthattheirchildrenarebehavingunreasonablyandhelplesschildrensaythattheirparentsarejustold fashioned 3 Whenachildmeetswithaproblem hewillgotohisfriendsforadvice 4 Thisleadstothefactthathisparentstotallyareunawareofhisproblem Nowadays manyfamiliesarefacingtheproblemofmisunderstandingbetweenparentsandchildren Itisoftenheardthatfrustratedparentscomplaintheirchildrenarebehavingunreasonablywhilehopelesschildrensaythattheirparentsarejustold fashioned Whenachildmeetswithaproblem hewillgotohisfriendsforadviceinsteadofhisparents leavinghisparentstotallyunawareofhisproblem 5 Therearesomepossiblereasonsforthepresentsituation 6 Thattheygrewupatdifferenttimesandhavedifferentlikesanddislikesforthethingsaroundthemisthemostobviousone 7 Alsowhenthereisamisunderstanding parentsarenotpatienttolistentotheexplanationoftheirchildrenbecausetheyarebusy 8 Bothofthemthinkthatthereisagenerationgapisunchangeable Therearesomepossiblereasonsforthepresentsituation Themostobviousoneisthattheygrewupatdifferenttimesandthereforehavedifferentlikesanddislikesforthethingsaroundthem Alsoparentsareoftentoobusytolistenpatientlytotheexplanationoftheirchildrenwhenthereisamisunderstanding Bothofthemtakeitforgrantedthatthereisagenerationgap 9 Iftheywanttobridgethisso calledgenerationgap bothparentsandchildrenshouldmakeaneffort 10 Parentsshouldtrytolookatthingsfromchildren spointofview 11 Childrenshouldalsotrytolookatthingsfromtheirparents pointofview 12 Theyshouldtrytospendmoretimewitheachother 13 Inthiswayparentsandchildrencouldunderstandeachotherbetter Tobridgethisso calledgenerationgap bothparentsandchildrenshouldmakeaneffort Eithershouldtrytolookatthingsfromtheother spointofview Besides theyshouldtrytospendmoretimewitheachother Onlyinthiswaycouldparentsandchildrenunderstandeachotherbetter 1 图表分析型2 对比论述型3 问题解决型4 观点论证型5 应用文类6 现象分析型 类型模式化 类型模式化 对比论述型 这类作文多为提纲式作文 议论文体裁 通过论述相反的两个观点 或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点 然后给出自己的见解和看法 是四级考试写作中最常见的作文形式 例如 ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists 2005 12 1 名校校园正成为旅游新热点2 校园是否应对游客开放 人们看法不同3 我认为 IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary 1 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试 理由是 2 也有人持不用的意见 3 我的看法和打算 开头常用句型 现象式 提问式 引言式1 现象式 1 Associetydevelops peopleareattachingmoreandmoreimportancetoHowtoSucceedinaJobInterviewYourViewonTakingPostgraduateEntranceExam theinterviewduringjobhunting amasterdegree 2 Nowadays withpeopleattachgreatimportancetoEconomyandEnvironmentalProtectionTheDevelopmentofLife LongEducation therapiddevelopmentofeconomy withtherapiddevelopmentofsociety environmentalProtection life longEducation hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday todaylife YourViewonLearningthroughthenetAdvantageanddisadvantageofPrivateCars Onlineeducation Privatecars 4 Alongwithmoreandmoreproblemsarebroughttoourattention oneofwhichisthatThedisadvantagesofCheatinginExamination 5 ThereareagrowingnumberofpeoplewhoshowconcernabouttheproblemofYoungsters AddictiontoInternet thedevelopmentofeducation cheatinginexamshasbecomemoreandmoreserious netbars 6 Withthedevelopmentofeconomy greatchangeshavetakenplaceinstatethechangesinpeople sdiet 饮食 inthepastfiveyears Food Year19861987198819891990Grain49 47 46 5 45 45 Milk10 11 11 12 13 Meet17 20 22 5 23 21 Fruit vegetables24 22 20 20 21 Total100 100 100 100 100 people sdiet 7 Recently hasbeenbroughtintopublicfocus Yourviewoncross culturemarriage 8 hasbecomeacommonoccurrenceinourdailylife Writeaproposaltoenhancethesportsactivitiesamongcollegestudents cross culturemarriage Engaginginsportsactivity 2 提问式Howcanwesucceedinajobinterviewer Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisquestion Somepeoplebelievethat 3 俗语或引言式Asanoldsayinggoes timeismoney Astheproverbgoes practicemakesperfect Aproverbsays awherethereiswill thereisway 对比论述型 真题实战IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary 2000 6 Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofthetopicIsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary Youshouldwriteatleast120words andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline giveninChinese below 1 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试 理由是2 也有人持不同的意见 3 我的看法和打算 对比论述型范文欣赏 WhenitcomestothetestofspokenEnglish people sopinionsdiffer Manypeoplebelievethatitisnecessarytoadoptsuchatest Foronething fluentspeakingabilityisbadlyneededintoday ssociety