冠词和代词讲解.docx

不定冠词的用法不定冠词有两个，a 和 an。a用在辅音开头的单词前面；an用于以元音开头的单词前。如：a book, an apple。1） 不定冠词用在头一次出现的单数可数名词前。There is a policeman at the door. 门口有个警察。（某一个）A soldier must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。（任何一个，每个）There is a box in the room. The box is heavy. 房间里有个箱子。这个箱子很重。2） 不定冠词用于某些固定短语中。如：have a try试一下 take a break休息下 have a good time玩得愉快make a living 谋生 as a matter of fact 事实上 in a word 总而言之不定冠词a/ an和one的区别a/an 表示类别，而one强调数量a bus 表示一辆公交车（而不是一辆小汽车或一辆火车）one bus 表示一辆车（而不是两辆或三辆）There is a cat under the chair. （强调椅子下面的是猫）There is one cat under the chair. （强调猫的数量是一只）定冠词的用法1） 定冠词和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。如：Mother carved the meat into slices. 妈妈把肉切成了片。2） 定冠词用于可数名词前，表示一类人或东西。如：The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。3） 定冠词用于第二次出现的名词之前。如：I got a letter yesterday. The letter was sent by e-mail.我昨天接到了一封信。那信是电子邮件。4） 定冠词用于某些名词或者形容词前，表示一类人，一个民族，阶级或阶层。如：the Chinese 中国人 the rich 富人the dead 死者 the deaf 聋人6） 定冠词用于指说话双方都知道的人或事。如：Please close the door. 请把门关上。7） 定冠词用于世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun 太阳 the earth 地球 the world世界 8） 定冠词用于序数词前表示顺序。如：the third group 第三组9） 定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。如：This is the most interesting book I have ever read. 这是我所读过的书中最有趣的一本。10）定冠词在play后和乐器连用。play the piano弹钢琴 play the flute吹长笛11）定冠词与姓氏的复数形式连用，表示一家人。如：The Blacks came to China in 1994.布莱克一家是1994年来中国的。不用冠词的情况1） 表示独一无二的职务、身份前一般不用冠词。如：Elizabeth II, Queen of England 英国女王伊丽莎白二世He was elected chairmen of the committee.他当选为协会主席。2） 表示球类、棋类的运动项目不加冠词。如：play football 踢足球 play chess下象棋3） 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。如：have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭4） 交通工具名词前不用冠词by car坐汽车 by ship 坐船by plane坐飞机 on foot 步行5） 在一些地点的名词，如：bed, church, school, hospital,home, work等。当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做的事时，不加冠词。go home回家 go to school去上学 go to church去教堂祈祷in hospital住院 go to work上班练习：1.There is a desk by the window. On _ desk there is _ exercise book.A. a; the B. the; the C. an; a D. the; an2.There is _ h in the word honest.A. a B. the C. an D.不填3.They went to _ Summer Palace yesterday and stayed there for _ day.A. the; a B. the; the C.不填; a D. the; 不填4.She is going to play _ piano at the concert this evening.A. a B. an C. the D.不填5.Most boys like playing _ football.A. a B. an C. the D.不填6.Lets go and watch the children play _ chess.A. a B. an C. the D.不填7._elephant is bigger than _ horseA.不填; 不填 B. an; aC. An; aD. The; a8.Beijing is one of _ most beautiful cities in _world.A. a; theB. the; 不填C. the; theD.不填; the9.-How did you go there?-We went there by _ bus.A. a B. an C. the D.不填10.We should always think of _ old and _ sick.A. the; the B. an; aC.不填; 不填D. the; a11.May I have _look at the book?A. a B. an C. the D.不填代 词 的 定 义: 代替名词, 形容词或数词的词就是代词，常见代词有人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。1.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you第三人称 he, she, it him, her, it they themI like table tennis. （作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）2. 物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 my our mine ours 第二人称 your our yours yours 第三人称 his, her, its their his, hers, its theirs形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词, 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,如：This is her pencil-box.Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）3. 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。1) this和that一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this : pronunciation is very important in learning English3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4)this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?练习：1. Is this _ pencil?A. you B. your C. yours D. him2. you are better at English than _ am.A. I B. me C. his D. your3. This is his book, and that is _.A. me B. I C. my D. mine4. I had to take after of my mother in the hospital, and _ is why I didnt finish my homework.A. this B. that C. these D. those5. The food here is not as good as _ in Shanghai.A. this B. that C. these D. those6. What you have to do is _ : take care of your baby sister while I am out.A. this B. that C. these D. those7. Hello, this is Amy. Is _ John speaking?A. this B. that C. these