定语从句的讲解及练习(培优).doc

定语从句专项训练一、定语从句相当于相当于一个形容词，起定语作用，修饰说明名词，代词或其它短语甚至一个句子。二、关系词的作用关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that, who, whom, whose, which 等。关系副词有when,where, why等。关系词通常有三个作用：1）引导 ；2）代替 ；3）在定语从句中担当 。关系代词 例句that在从句中作主语或宾语指物A plane is a machine that can fly.(作主语）The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.(作宾语)指人The girl that we saw yesterday was Kate.(作宾语)which在从句中作主语或宾语指物The silk which is produced in Suzhou sells well.(作主语)The songs which the Beatles sang were very popular.(作宾语)who,whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语指人The boy who broke the window is called John.(作主语)The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.(作介词宾语)whose在从句中作定语指人指物I know the man whose factory produces mobile phones.Do you find the house whose doors are made of metal?when在从句中作时间状语指时间Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?I cant remember the day when I visited the village.where在从句中作地点状语指地点This is the city where I was born.He helped his father on the farm where they lived.why在从句中作原因状语指原因These are reasons why we do it.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy.注意：1.介词提前时,关系代词只能用whom 而不能用that或who,只能用which而不能用that。. The man whom/that/who I talked to just now is my teacher.The man to whom I talked just now is my teacher. The man to that/who I talked just now is my teacher.2).Is this the library which/that you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books ? Is this the library from that you borrow books ? .介词提前时只能用“介词关系代词” 而不能用“介词+关系副词”。 如：1). Ill never forget the day. I joined the League on the day.（把两句合为一句）Ill never forget the day (that/ which) I joined the League on.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League . Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League. Ill never forget the day on when I joined the League.2). Nanjing is the city. I was born in the city. （把两句合为一句）Nanjing is the city (that/ which) I was born in.Nanjing is the city where I was born.Nanjing is the city in which I was born.Nanjing is the city in where I was born.3).Do you know the reason? He refused(拒绝) to come for that reason. Do you know the reason (which/that) he refused(拒绝) to come for. Do you know the reason why he refused(拒绝) to come. Do you know the reason for which he refused(拒绝) to come. Do you know the reason for why he refused(拒绝) to come. 关系代词只能用that 而不能用which的几种特殊情况。1） 先行词本身是all, few, little, much, any, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时，关系代词用that，不用which。如：1.Dont throw away anything that is useful.2.He did all that he could to help me.3.There is little that I can eat.2)先行词是两个或多个分别表示人或物的名词时，或被形容词最高级、序数词或the only, the very 等修饰词修饰时通常用that。如：1.He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard of.2.This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.3.This is the first step that we should take.4.You are the very man that can do the job well.5.Mary is the only girl that likes playing football.3).主句是以who,which引导的特殊疑问句时。1.Who is the boy that is waiting for you?2.Which is the tree that you planted three years ago?4)先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语时。1He is not the boy that he used to be.2It is no longer the country that it claimed(声称) to be .关系代词只能用who、which而不能用that的情况。1）先行词为that、those时。1.It is that room which he lives.2.Those who lost their way were very worried.2).引导非限制性定语从句时。Tom came back,which makes us very happy.练习一 选择填空1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 7. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 8. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 9. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 10. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 11. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 12. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 13. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 14. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 15. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 16. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 17. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 18. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about whic二、将下列两个简单句合并成带定语从句的主从复合句。1Wei Fang found me the dictionary. I lost the dictionary yesterday.2. The nurse is very kind. She looks after my little sister.3. Where is the wonderful picture? You talked about it just now.4. The student studies very hard. Her mother was badly hurt in the accident. 5. She is the finest singer. We have ever known. 6. She married the young man.She was engaged to(与订婚) the young man .7.Do you still remember the day?You started high school on the day.8.I often go to the park.There are many beautiful flowers in the park.9.This is the reason.She left the company suddenly for the reason.10.I like the most beautiful music.I can dance to the most beautiful music.三、改错1 The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written. 2 Did you see the young man whom was chosen the CEO ?3 This is the girl who practice p