选词填空讲义2.doc

选词填空15个待选词（名词、动词、形容词、副词）考的最少的是副词, 不超过两个。剩下的三种平均三道题。做题步骤1. 先按词性将单词分类a. 不认识的单词看词缀b. 认识的单词要注意词性的多样性c. 动词归类要细分为v，ved, vingd.有多个词性时，要在不同分类中标出2.做题（先判断空格处的词性，从已分类的单词中选择，先根据词义，再按语法要求）出现近义词或反义词，则一个是干扰选项，另一个是正确选项。名词a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。b. 形容词或名词都可修饰名词c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语e. 介词后面必有名词或名词性成分确定空格为名词：a /an/the/my n. adj. n. vt. n. n. v. prep. n.Education soon became a _. As the trade winds lessen in _, the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees.Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a _ that has changed the target market for many products.动词a.前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）。b.一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词c.一个完整的句子后跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词。当这个动词与句子主语是主动关系，填动词加ing形式，当两者是被动关系，填动词加ed形式。确定空格为动词： （1）n./pron. vt. n./pron.（2）n./pron. vi. （3）n./pron. vi. adv./prep., （4）n./pron. link v. adj.（5）to vHe _ from his teachers, came home in tears and thought about dropping out. Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _ in pain medicine. The rainfall is increased across South America, _ floods to Peru. 形容词(1)空格后为名词，空格处应填入形容词; _ + n.(充当宾语或主语) (2)空格前是副词，空格处应填入形容词; adv+_ （充当表语或定语）(3)空格前是系动词，空格处应填入形容词作表语. 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, standHe always kept silent at meeting. This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run 例如： He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time. 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达证实，变成之意 The rumor proved false. The search proved difficult. His plan turned out a success. 副词1. 一个完整句子后的空格，往往是副词。Today, we take pains _. (seriously)2. “主语 + _ + 谓语”，横线处填副词。In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students _ outperform their peers in monolingual programs。3. 形容词的前面4.句子的前面(Not) , the jury found them both guilty.常见的逻辑关系词(1)并列关系：and, or, as well as (2)对比或转折关系：but, however, on the contrary, rather than, though (3)比较关系：as . as, likewise, similarly(4)因果关系：because, for, since, as a result of, therefore, thus (5)举例关系：for example, for instance, such as, and so on (6)递进关系：whats more, moreover, in addition常用后缀1. 名词后缀1)-or/er/ess:做某件事情或职业的人：worker, debtor actor actress air hostess2)-acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示动作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility,inflexible6)-dom, 表示等级，领域，状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示资格，身份, 年纪，状态 childhood, parenthood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, consumerism, heroism egoism10)-ity, 表示性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示动作，性质，过程，状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示性质，状态，程度 latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示行为，结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)17)-grapy, 表示学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2.形容词后缀(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productiveMotive initiative perspective4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly friendly6)-some, troublesome, handsome worrisome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent silent absent10)-most, foremost, topmost utmost(11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wirelessStainless steel3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示做成，变成，化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-ify, 表示使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀 1） (形容词)-ly：badbadly carefulcarefullylowly除外2）-wiseclockclockwise likelikewise/similarly 3）-wards：outoutwards northnorthwards词义前缀1.Negative prefixes A- asexual, asymmetry, anarchy Dis- dishonest, disorder In-(im, il) : Un- unfriendly, unexpected De- decentralize, deforest2.Pejorative prefixes Mal(badly), malnutrition malpracticeMis(wrongly), mislead, misunderstand3.Prefixes of degree or size: Co(joint): coexistence, colle