定语从句讲解1.doc

定语从句：第一讲The Attributive ClauseI. 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。The man who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.( ) ( )1.在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。2. 定语从句所修饰或限制的词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句置于先行词之后。3.引导定语从句的连词叫关系代词或关系副词。 that 指物，有时指人，在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。关系代词 who 指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。II. 引导词: whose 指人或指物, 作定语。as 指人或指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。关系副词 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如果先行词是指人，用who, whom, whose, that引导定语从句。如果先行词是指物，用that, which, whose引导。III 分类： 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句Those who are willing to attend the party sign here please.It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away.IV. 一、考点聚焦 1、功能：相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后.Those who are willing to attend the party sign here please.3、先行词: 被定语从句修饰/限制 先行词与关系词是等量关系。 必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动 词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. （which=the place）关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places (that) we can visit in China. (that= places)二、关系代词引导的定语从句：The boy who is smiling is Tom.The boy who has a round face is Tom.The man who sits in front of me is Tom. The man (who)/(whom) everyone likes is kind. The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which/that is eating her flowers.Can you lend me the book (which/that) you talked about last night？He is the man (that/who/whom) I told you about.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq?whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。Whose 用来代替 his，her，their，its.关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，可以省略。1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 以及the first/last/very/only; any、few、 little、no、all、等修饰The first lesson _ I learned will never be forgotten.Ive read all the books that can be borrowed here.She is the most careful girl that Ive ever known.（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、 one、something、anything等不定代词时。a. All _ are present burst into tears. b.He handed everything _ he had stolen to me.（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 We talked about the teachers and the school_we visited.（4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one _it was 5 years ago. (=is no longer what it was)（5）当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时 Which are the books _you bought for me ?（6）当主句以There be结构开头时，或关系代词在there be结构中作实义主语，先行项为物There is a seat in the corner that is still free.There are two tickets of the film that are for you.The 9.15 is the fastest train that there has ever been.练习1：用正确的关系代词填空1. He told everything _ he had seen in the traffic accident. （that）2. This was the best model of the TV set _ the factory produced last year. （that）3. Alice,_dress is all red, looks very pretty. （whose）4. The first thing _I am going to do this evening is to write a report about the experiment. （that）5. Workers built shelters for survivors _ homes had been destroyed。（whose）6. Yesterday I met doctor Wang _ told me the good news of his sons passing the examination.（who/that） 7. The two pupils _ you taught three yeas ago have become teachers. （who/that/whom）8.This is a soldier_ died in the war of Resistance.(who/that)9.Finally the thief handed everything_ he had stolen to the police。（that）10.I ve read all the books_ our teacher required us to read. （that）11.This is the very building_ Ive been looking for the whole morning. （that）单选：1. This is all _I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything. A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. This is one of the best books_. A. that have ever been written C. that has written B. that has ever been written D. that have written7. He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything _he saw on the way to the Paris. A. what B. that C. which D. where8. Is oxygen the only gas _helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it9. Is there anything _to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. which belongs D. that belong10. The scientist and his achievements _ you told me about are admired by us all. A. which B. that C. who D. whose11. Which of the books _were borrowed from him is the best? A. which B. what C. that D. whose结论： 先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时, 通常关系代词that1)先行词是all， no， none， everyone， something， much， little等。2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级，the last， the same， the only等。3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时。4)若主句中有疑问代词who，which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who， which。三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which)