海关论文：建设单一窗口式的通关模式思考.doc

海关论文：建设单一窗口式的通关模式思考【中文摘要】随着国际贸易的蓬勃发展,各国关于加强贸易安全与便利的呼声日益强烈,对口岸通关模式提出了更高的要求。在此背景下,实施口岸一体化管理,整合口岸管理资源,简化和协调进出口手续和单证成为许多国家推动贸易安全与便利的现实选择。然而,在我国及其他国家,海关、检验检疫、边防等口岸执法部门均要求对进出口货物、人员进行检查并要求贸易商提供单证和数据。由于不同部门之间缺乏协调和配合,给货物通关造成了不必要的延误。近年来,为了应对贸易安全与便利的双重挑战,国际海关界一直致力于口岸一体化管理,提出了建设单一窗口式的口岸进出境通关管理模式,以最大限度地简化进出口贸易通关程序,加快政府管理部门与贸易经营企业之间信息流的传递,提高政府监管效能。单一窗口的实施正是针对通关中存在的问题,利用一次申报、一个平台、统一的数据标准,以满足各方的需求,并通过贸易界和政府部门间的信息交换手续,降低通关成本,协调各部门监管活动,从而推动贸易安全与便利的实质性发展。论文试图通过文献研究、比较研究和实证研究等方法,在总结分析我国口岸管理体制现状和存在问题的基础上,并结合我国电子口岸的建设情况,提出建立单一窗口式的通关模式是口岸一体化管理的具体实现方式。通过对国际组织和部分国家实施单一窗口建设的做法及成功经验分析,对我国实施单一窗口式的通关模式进行了初探,提出了我国单一窗口建设的有关思考和对策建议：一是要统一思想、强化协调,加强对单一窗口建设的组织推动；二是在我国电子口岸建设基础上本着先易后难、综合选择的原则进行单一窗口建设；三是加强数据共享,实现互联互通；四是使用标准化数据元；五是借助国际合作渠道推动单一窗口建设等。论文期望通过此项研究,为我国建立单一窗口式的通关模式提供一些有益的借鉴。【英文摘要】With the rapid development of international trade, there are increasingly strong calls from various countries for trade security and facilitation, which presents higher requirements for port clearance. In this context, implementing integrated border management, combining port management resources, simplifying and coordinating the import and export procedures and documents prove to be the practical choice for many countries to promote trade security and facilitation. However, in China and other countries, import and export cargoes and incoming and outgoing people are subject to examinations of port enforcement authorities, including Customs, Inspection and Quarantine and Immigration, and traders are required to provide documents and data to the authorities. Due to insufficient coordination and cooperation, unnecessary clearance delays are caused to the cargoesIn recent years, in order to address the dual challenge of trade security and facilitation, international Customs community has been working all the way to promote integrated border management. It proposed to establish the single window clearance model, with the purpose of simplifying clearance procedures, accelerating information transmission between the government authorities and trade business enterprises, and improving the efficiency of supervision of government authorities to the maximum. In view of the problems in the clearance process, the single window which features one-time declaration, shared platform and unified data standards is implemented to meet the requirements of each side, moreover, the information exchange between trade enterprises and government authorities could reduce the costs incurred in clearance process and coordinate the supervision of the related authorities, and thereby promote the development of trade security and facilitation substantially.The thesis adopts such methods as document study, comparative study and empirical research, through summarizing and analyzing the current situation of port management system of China and the existing problems thereof and in combination of the development of electronic port in China, presents the view that the practical way to realize integrated border management is to establish single window clearance model. By way of analyzing the practices and successful experiences of implementing single window from international organizations and some countries, it makes an exploration of implementing single window clearance model in China and puts forward the thoughts and suggestions:(i).There should be unified thought and intensified coordination to organize and promote the development of the single window; (ii). Based on the development of electronic port in China, the single window should be developed in the principle of “the easier part first” as well as comprehensive selection; (iii). Data sharing should be strengthened and the interconnectivity be realized; (iv). The standard data model should be adopted; (v). International cooperation should be carried out to promote the development of the single window. Through the research, the thesis is aimed at providing some helpful reference for the development of single window clearance model in China.【关键词】海关 单一窗口 口岸一体化 电子口岸【英文关键词】Customs Single Window Integrated Border Management Electronic Port【目录】建设单一窗口式的通关模式思考摘要5-6Abstract6-7第一章 导论8-18第一节 研究背景8第二节 口岸一体化管理的核心概念8-11一、口岸9二、口岸一体化管理9-10三、单一窗口10-11四、电子口岸11第三节 建设单一窗口的基础理论及文献综述11-16一、法制理论12二、公共治理理论12-13三、无缝隙政府理论13-14四、相关文献综述14-16第四节 研究方法和结构安排16-18一、研究方法16-17二、结构安排17-18第二章 单一窗口的基本内容及我国实施单一窗口的重要意义18-28第一节 单一窗口的基本内容18-25一、内涵及要素18二、单一窗口的作用18-20三、单一窗口的主要运作模式20-22四、国际上单一窗口建设概况22-23五、成功建设单一窗口的主要经验23-25第二节 我国实施单一窗口的重要意义25-26一、单一窗口是我国口岸一体化管理的必然选择25二、单一窗口是适应我国对外贸易持续发展的现实需要25-26三、单一窗口是实现我国海关现代化建设的有效途径26第三节 我国建设单一窗口面临的机遇26-28一、国际环境有利于加快实施单一窗口26-27二、电子口岸为单一窗口奠定了基础27三、大通关建设为单一窗口创设了协作机制27-28第三章 我国单一窗口建设存在的问题与原因28-37第一节 我国单一窗口建设的现状28-31一、我国口岸管理的现状28-29二、我国单一窗口的初步实践29-31第二节 我国单一窗口建设存在的主要问题31-35一、口岸管理体制不合理31-32二、整体性规划未形成32三、一次申报未实现32-33四、单一设施未能成功运作33-34五、数据标准不统一34六、法律法规不完善34-35第三节 单一窗口建设存在问题的基本原因35-37一、单一窗口建设需统筹推进与各部门认识不统一的矛盾35二、口岸现有体制与一体化管理业务整合内在要求方的矛盾35-36三、各方利益多元冲突与利益保障机制缺失的矛盾36-37第四章 推进我国单一窗口建设的思考及建议37-44第一节 加强对单一窗口建设的组织推动37-39一、统一思想,明确定位37-38二、理顺机制,