利用还原解高考题.doc

利用“还原法”巧解高考题陇南市武都区两水中学 王雷平英语中句子句式变化之后，会造成句子表面成份的暂时缺失，也会造成句子的“貌似神非”性。从而导致学生想当然地去作题，针对这种情况，笔者认为“还原句式”是正确解答这类习题的关键。下面我们结合例题对“还原法”作一说明。一、 语序还原英语中主动式变成被动式、陈述式变为疑问式后句序发生了变化，句子成份的位置也会发生相应的变化，这样就打破了句子固有的结构，造成句子成份的表面缺失，这时如果我们还按照原有思维去做这种变化了语序的题，无疑会做错。语序还原主要有两种：（）疑问式还原为陈述式；（）被动式还原为主动式。例1Is this school you visited last week?A：which B：where C：one D：the one析：此题好多学生选A ，理由是school 后的句子是定语从句，且从句中缺宾语。因此填A无可非议。但大多数学生却忽略了我们做题时是按疑问式的语序去做的，就如上文讲的一样，我们是以原有的思维去解变化了语序的题的。句子正常语序应是：This school is I visited last week .句子语序还原后由大多数学生所认为的定语从句变成了真正意义上的表语从句，即：填关系代词what（the thing that）。所以此题的正确答案应为D 。例2What way have you thought of (solve) the problem ?析：此题学生极易填solving 理由是介词之后应该跟名词或者动名词，其实同例1一样，将句子变成正常语序：I have thought of () way (solve) the problem之后，我们可以看出of 的宾语应是way ，而所填词也当然由原来of 的宾语变成了way的后置定语 to solve 。例3We are not allowed (smoke) here.析：同上面两例所犯错误一样，学生极易填smoking 。因为他们遵循的是结构：allow sb to do sth 和allow doing sth .他们以为句中allow 没宾语sb，故填smoking 。语序还原后我们不难发现句中allow的宾语应为us 。故此句中应填to smoke 。二、 定语从句中先行词的还原引导定语从句的关系代词有代替先行词在从句中重复出现的语法功能，这就说明先行词一定会在从句中重复出现。利用这一特性，可以正确、简捷的解答定语从句试题。例4The tree, the branches are almost bare , is a very old one.A：whose B：in which C：on which D：Of which析：解这道题时，我们只需要将先行词还原到从句中加以判断即可，还原后的从句是：the branches are almost bare the tree .句子调整后应为 the braches the tree are almost bare .很显然空处填of而the tree作的是of的宾语，关系代词代替后为of which 。例5 Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had went wrong again.A： it repaired B： to be repaired C： to repair D：had repaired 析：在这个句子中主干句是Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine went wrong again , she had 是修饰washing machine 的定语从句 。主干句时态是过去时且repair动作发生在went wrong 动作之后，这样就可以判定从句时态是过去完成时并且“某人使某事由别人去做”用结构“have sth done”。综上所述，还原后的句子就是：she had done (have the washing machine repaired) 即：she had had the washing machine repaired 。因为the washing machine 与先行词重复，因此要用that/which代替，且that/which可省掉。因此句子的完全形式是Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again 。即正确答案为D。三、 名词性从句还原为定语从句名词性从句可以转化成相应的定语从句，即：what = the thing that；when = the time when ; where = the place where ; why = the reason why ; how = the way that 。例6Is this hotel_we were to stay in your letter?例7This school is what I visited last week = this school is the one that I visited last week = this school is the one I visited last week (that 在从句中作宾语，可省掉)名词性从句向定语从句的转化可以使句子逻辑语义明朗化，能加深学生对语段和文章深层次地理解，同时也能明确对句子选项的判断，以便准确、果断地选出答案。四、“分词所在短语”还原为“状语从句”。分词短语作状语时，需要选用分词形式，这样我们就需要判定分词所在动词与主句主语间的逻辑关系：若它们间呈现逻辑上的主谓关系，分词用现在分词；若呈现动宾关系，分词用过去分词；若它们间既非主谓关系也非动宾关系，我们就要用独立结构去做，但有时我们这样常会犯一些判断上的主观错误。要避免这种问题，只有将分词所在句式按前后语境还原成状语从句然后根据状语从句变为分词短语作状语的规则去做，这样才能保证答案的正确性。例8a) (Lose) in thought, I ran into a tree in front of me.b) (Catch) in a heavy rain, he had a bad cold.在上面两题中，a)题极易主观地判断成“我陷入沉思”即：lost 与 I是主谓关系而填losing b)题也一样极易判断成“我淋雨了”即catch与I是逻辑上的主谓关系而填catching。正确的答案应分别为lost和caught 。这是因为按语境，分词所在句式可以转化成这样的状语从句：a) Because I was lost in thought, I ran into a tree in front of me. b) Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he had a bad c