名词性从句语法.doc

Moduel 1 unit1 Grammar 名词性从句Noun Clauses 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例：主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语 This is his job.This is what he does every day.宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. WhiteI dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.主语从句 “It” is used as empty subject.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1. It is certain that he will succeed.2. It is not known whether he will go there.3. It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.在下列句型中通常用引导主语从句1. Its likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that 很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚2. Its said / reported that 据说/据报道3. It seems / appears / happens that 似乎/好像/碰巧.4. Its been announced / declared that已经通知/宣布5. Its no wonder that 并不奇怪/无疑6. Its a pity / a fact / common knowledge (众所周知)/ a common saying (俗话说) that宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)连接词有 连词that, whether, if (that常可省略)连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever, 连接副词 when where why how注意：1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if.I dont know whether I will stay or not. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 2. that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 在主+谓+it (形式宾语) +宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say. 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.表语从句表语从句: 在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。 作用: 对主语进行解释说明。连接词： 连词that / whether / as if / as though (if不引导表语从句)连接代词who / whom / whose / which / what连接副词when / where / why / how / because 同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea; belief; fact; truth; problem; news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when / where / why / how / whether Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.REFERENCE 名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序(1) 名词性从句构成有两种a. that + 陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all.b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分This is what we are looking for.(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。T or F1. 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )2. 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1) that 和what 的选用that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that ? what1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. This is _ we want to know.5. Is _ he told us true?6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did (2) if和whether 的选用 不能使用if 的情况:a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 d. 介词后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if. whether ? if1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.8. I havent decided _ to go there.(3)其它连接代词和副词的使用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择 who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。1. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.2. 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.3. 我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.4. 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.(4) that可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不可省略的情况： 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略that ? (that)1. I dont think _ she is coming.2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3. The reason is _ he is careless.4. The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.三 同位语从句的引导和辨别1.同位语从句的格式：n. + 连接词 + 从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact, idea, news, order, belief, suggestion, advice, information等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where等来引导同位语从句。 that/whether/where/how1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4. I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别1. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语, 它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用, 而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分, 充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明, 表明中心词的具体内容。 引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分, 引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分, 只起连接作用, 无具体含义, 且不可省略。AT ? AV1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.注意：名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为 should + do, should可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I (should) be calm now.小测试：1.They expressed the hope _ they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2. The fact _ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3. I have no idea _ he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. if4. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that5. Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether C. that D. which6. The question is _ the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 7. They received orders _ the work be done at once. A. which B. when C. / D. that 8. The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 9. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because10. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if11. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that12. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon13. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break14. It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. what15. - Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes16. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if17. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what18. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how19. It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how20. It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. was thought that D. is thought that21. You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where22. This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what23. The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when24. The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what25. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has