成人本科学位英语串讲讲义(二).doc

成人本科学位英语串讲讲义（二） 三、虚拟语气 赵文通 考试重点：1. 条件句中的虚拟语气例：I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him. A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. would know 例：If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased. A. had been usedB. had been usingC. being usedD. using条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点：? 如果条件句中有were, had, should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提前，形成倒装。例3：_ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A. If he tookB. if he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken? 含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用三级考试中经常出现的三个句型：But for/without，, otherwise/or, but/though.例：But for your help, I _ the work in time. A. did not finishB. could not finish A. will not finishD. would not have finished例：Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have been D. would be例：He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_ to the meeting.A. would have comeB. would comeC. could comeD. had come例：We would have made a lot of money, but we halfway A. gave upB. had given upC.would give upD. were to give up? 错综时间条件句例：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用? 1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如: 例：I suggested that we should go there on foot. 注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: 例：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money ? 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中 例：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight ? 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如: 例：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气4. if only 引导的感叹句中5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式7. it is (high) time that .句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式四、非谓语动词1. 不定式?不定式的逻辑主语例：The road is wild enough for cars to pass by. 例：It is important for you to work hard. 例：It is kind of you to help me. ?不定式的时态和语态例：The magnificent museum is said _ about a hundred years ago. A. to be builtB. to have been built C. to have builtD. to have being built?使用不带to的不定式1)why not do表示委婉的建议例：Why not_Professor Li for help? He is kind-hearted and willing to help. A. askB. you askC. to askD. your asking2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。例：The teacher has the students _ a composition every other week. A. to writeB. writtenC. writingD. write例：While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_ A. brokeB. breakC. brokenD. breaking 例：There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself_ A. hearingB. being toldC. to hearD. heard3)表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。例：With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_ to a hospital. A. sendB. to be sentC. being sentD. sending4)do something but/except do例：There is nothing we can do _ wait. A. butB. rather than C. in spite ofC. besides.5)记住下列不带to的短语cant but cant help but had better2. 动名词1. 有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式，但意思有差异remember forget regret stop go on mean 2. 后面跟动名词的固定句式have trouble/problems/difficult doing somethingfeel like spend/wastedoing somethingcant help need/deserve/wantbe worth what about/how about3. 分词 分词作表语独立主格结构例1：During the discussion, Mr Boyd remained silent when asking his opinion. A B C D例2：Your experiment reports must be checked with