【创新设计】高考英语基础复习 增分策略阅读与理解 特殊句式 北师大版(1).doc

【创新设计】2015届高考英语基础复习 增分策略阅读与理解 特殊句式 北师大版肥胖肥胖已成为世界公害，“国际肥胖问题工作组”公布的数据显示，地球上每四人中就有一人过于肥胖，因此，肥胖问题已成为全社会关注的问题，也是高考重点关注的话题。美文赏析it_is_new_york_city_that_has_taken_some_very_large_measures_recently_to_improve_the_nutrition_of_the_public，such_as_placing_bans_on_sugary_drinks_and_fat_in_restaurants.yet it seems that their force for change has come with compromises.recent light has been cast on just how school lunches have been affected across the city.in an effort to improve nutrition a significant cut in calories has been the result.officials now question whether these changes are in agreement with national guidelines(指标)set by the usda.according to the old guidelines，children were to receive a school lunch of 785 calories.now high school students receive a lunch of 750 calories,600 for middle school students.this cut in calories has left many concerned.actually，one in four children in ny city live in homes where meals arent consistent.for some children their meal at school will be their only well balanced nutrient meal they eat all day.“its based on politics and personal ideas，not nutrition science.its based on the citys absurd belief that hunger no longer exists among children.the citys one and only response to child hunger is taking food away from kids，”said joel berg.william jmccarthy，a university professor，is in favor of the caloric(热量的)cut and looks on nycs action as a great example.he says，“theres_been_to_much_focus_on_trying_to_get_the_right_number_of_calories.the calories will take care of themselves if we get kids to make better food choices such as filling half their plate with vegetables.”despite the different opinions，the changes were made in an effort to deal aggressively with the problem of childhood obesity(肥胖)menus were changed to lower fat and salt，include fresh vegetables and salad bars，and get rid of sweet drinks.as a result，last years obesity rates in the city for school children have dropped by 5.5%.this decline is more than any other big city.yet with a childhood obesity rate of 21%，theres still a long way to go.only_when_all_the_people_take_action_can_we_make_a_difference.【解题导语】肥胖已经成为现代社会的一大问题，为此，纽约采取了一些非常大胆的举措，就是减少学生的食物量，尽管这引起了部分人的担忧，但效果是比较好的。一、阅读与积累1攻克疑难词汇compromise n折中方案after lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise.双方经过长期商谈，终于达成了妥协。consistent adj.一致的she is not very consistent in the way she treats her children.她对待孩子反复无常。absurd adj.荒唐的，荒谬的aggressively adv.挑衅地，好斗地2攻克疑难句william jmccarthy，a university professor，is in favor of the caloric cut and looks on nycs action as a great example.结构分析本句中介词短语in favor of的意思是“支持，同意”；look on.as.的意思是“把视为”。尝试翻译威廉吉麦卡锡是一名大学教授，他支持削减热量，并且把纽约城的行动视为一个很好的例子。二、理解与书面表达1理解文章主旨the passage mainly tells us that new_york_has_taken_some_measures_to_cut_calories.2理解与书面表达文中画线部分的结构是写作中常用到的，文中第一句使用了_句型，第四段倒数第二句使用了_；最后一句使用了_。答案强调；there be句型；倒装句式3精通句式：强调句型，there be句型和倒装句式(1)说明强调句的基本形式是“it is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。谓语动词完全放置在主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。部分谓语(情态动词、连系动词、助动词)在主语前面，谓语主体部分仍在主语之后叫部分倒装。there be主语.，此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替。(2)例句感悟there seems to be something wrong with the machine.present at the meeting were professor white，professor smith and many other guests.only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.it is precisely because of doing parttime jobs that college students can gain social experience and broaden their horizons.(3)按要求翻译下列句子我们周围有很大比例的水源和土壤受到了污染。(there be句型)_无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题，应该采取有力措施来解决它。(there be句型)_只有充分重视环境保护，我们才能和自然和谐相处。(only状语从句；倒装)_我们生活在污染环境中的日子将一去不复返了。(表语放于句首；倒装)_答案there is a large percentage of water and land polluted around us.there is no denying that air pollution is an extremely serious problem，so strong measures should be taken to deal with it.only when much attention has been paid to environmental protection，can we live in harmony with nature.gone will be the days when we live in the polluted environment.(4)加入适当的连词或句子，将上面四句话改写成一篇优秀的小短文。_【参考范文】there is a large percentage of water and land polluted around us.in addition，there is no denying that air pollution is an extremely serious problem，so str