【创新设计】（教师用书）高考英语二轮复习 核心考点二　冠词（含解析）.doc

核心考点二冠词与名词共生共存,【考向聚焦】冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，常放在名词前面帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a，an和定冠词the两种。纵观近三年高考题可知，冠词一直是必考内容。其考查的重点主要有：冠词的基本用法；在固定结构中和具体语境中的用法；冠词的特殊用法；冠词在句子中的位置。1(2013福建，21)the “chinese dream” is _ dream to improve peoples wellbeing and _ dream of harmony，peace and development.athe；a ba；a ca；the dthe；the解析考查冠词。根据句意，中国梦是一个的梦和一个的梦，可知，两空都用不定冠词a，答案选b。答案b2(2013江西，32)animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.aa；/ bthe；the ca；the d/；/解析考查冠词。第一空表示“一种生命的形式”；第二空man表“人类”，不用冠词。故答案选a。答案a3(2013山东，22)it was_cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across_night sky.a/；a ba；the cthe；a dthe；/解析考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。故答案为b。答案b4(2013江西，19)marco polo is said to have sailed on _ pacific ocean on his way to java in _ thirteenth century.athe；a ba；/ c/；the dthe；the解析考查冠词。第一空指独一无二的事物用the；第二空为固定短语，表示在多少世纪“in the th century”，需加定冠词。故答案为d。答案d5(2013浙江，15)people develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning.aa；an ba；/ c/；the dthe；an解析考查冠词。短语a preference for.意为“对的偏好”；at an early age意为“在年纪很小时”，故均填不定冠词。答案a6(2013重庆，32)the parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.aa；/ bthe; / cthe; an da; an解析考查冠词。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句，故应该特指；第二空译为“他们的儿子需要做一个手术”，使用不定冠词。答案c7(2012新课标全国)sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction.a/；a ba；the cthe；/ dthe；a解析考查冠词的用法。句意：sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。根据painting前的修饰成分finished可知是特指那幅画；后一个空格后的satisfaction是抽象名词并且表示泛指，不用冠词。答案c8(2012安徽)carl is studying _ food science at college and hopes to open up _ meat processing factory of his own one day.a/；a b/；the cthe；a dthe；the解析考查冠词。句意：卡尔正在大学学习食品科学，他希望有一天能够开办一家自己的肉类加工厂。第一空，food science意为“食品科学”，为表示抽象概念的名词，其前不应用冠词。第二空，中心词为factory，为可数名词，根据句意可知此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。答案a9(2011山东)take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant.a/；the ba；the cthe；a d/；a解析考查冠词。句意：不用急，从这里到饭店只有一小段距离。a short distance表示“一小段距离”；由语境可知restaurant指双方都知道的那个饭店，所以用定冠词the。答案b10(2011浙江)experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ picasso.athe；/ ba；the ca；/ dthe；a解析考查冠词的用法。第一空表示“那幅最近发现的画”，是特指概念，用定冠词the；第二空表示“一幅毕加索的画”，故用不定冠词a。答案d自查自纠表题号12345678910得分考点正误思考我的盲点：我将_。【典例1】 we can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world.(2009安徽)aa；a ba；the cthe；a dthe；the解析两个空都是不可数名词表示泛指，所以都用不定冠词。句意：如果我们不创造一个环境污染更少的世界，我们就永远不能期望拥有一片更蓝的天空。答案a【典例2】 it is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _ man.(2011全国)aa；a ba；the cthe；the da；/解析句意：人们普遍认为男孩子就该学会站起来像男人一样去奋斗。考查冠词。boy和man均为可数名词，都是泛指，故前面应该用不定冠词，故答案为a项。答案a【典例3】 first impressions are the most lasting.after all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression.(2010北京)aa；the bthe；the ca；a dthe；a解析第一空修饰限定chance用不定冠词，a second表示“又一次”，“再一次”。第二空修饰impression，泛指，所以用不定冠词。答案c【典例4】 being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.(2012山东)athe；the ba；a ca；/ d/；a解析考查冠词。第一空，drink前应用不定冠词，表示“一杯饮料”；第二空，comfort前面加不定冠词，表示“一个给人安慰的物品”，所以两个空都要用不定冠词。答案b1i dont think the experiment is _ failure.at least we have gained _ experience for future.a/；the ba；the ca；/ d/；/解析failure意为“失败的事”，表示抽象名词具体化，故第一个空填不定冠词a；experience意为“经验”，是不可数名词，故前面不填冠词。答案c2italy is _ most attractive european country and how i wish i would go there for_ second time.aa；a b/；a cthe；the da；the解析考查冠词的用法。第一个空后的most不是构成最高级，而是“非常，很，十分”的意思，因此前面用不定冠词，a most attractive european country意为“一个非常迷人的欧洲国家”；第二个空表示“又一，再一”，所以序数词前应用不定冠词。因此选a。答案a3i dont know who invented _ telephone, but its really _ most wonderful invention.athe；a b/；the ca；the d/；a解析the telephone特指电话这类事物；a most wonderful invention意为“一项非常奇妙的发明”。答案a4george couldnt remember when he first met mr. anderson, but he was sure it was _ sunday because everybody was at _ church.a/；the bthe；/ ca；/ d/；a解析一个星期天表述为a sunday，be at church意为“在做礼拜”，不用冠词。答案c不定冠词的用法泛指单数和首提，某个/每个/又一个；物质名词具体化，相同还是抽象词；三餐四季有修饰，感叹句中有名单。泛指的单数可数名词前和首次提到的单数可数名词前；表示又一个，某一个(a second；a certain.)具体化的物质名词和抽象名词前(a success，a surprise.)有修饰词的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper，a warm winter)感叹句中有单数可数名词。(how lovely a girl！)【典例5】 as is known to all, _ peoples republic of china is _ biggest developing country in the world.(2011陕西)athe；/ b/；the cthe；the d/；/解析句意：众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。考查冠词。peoples republic of china“中华人民共和国”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面通常用定冠词；第二空后是形容词的最高级形式，故用定冠词。所以选择c项。答案c【典例6】 i am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.it is not your fault.with _ rushhour traffic and _ heavy rain，it is no wonder you were late.aa；a bthe；the c/；/ d/；a解析由句意可知，traffic和rain均为特指，故应加定冠词。答案b【典例7】 what i need is _ book that contains _ abc of oil painting.aa；/ bthe；/ cthe；an da；the解析句意：我所需要的是一本含有油画基础知识的书。第一个空表泛指，应用不定冠词；第二个空后有of oil painting修饰，表特指，应用定冠词。答案d【典例8】 the biggest whale is _ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9story building.athe；the ba；a ca；the dthe；a解析the blue whale特指“蓝鲸”这类动物；第二个空表泛指，a 9story building意为“一座9层高的大楼”。答案d5obama has been elected _ first black president of the united states, and the international society expects to have _ new usa under his leadership.a/；the ba；the cthe；a dthe；the解析第一个空表示顺序，所以序数词first前应填定冠词the，第二个空表示地点的专有名词usa前有形容词new修饰，故用不定冠词来限定。答案c6_ chinas growth is not _ threat to others.on _ contrary, it will bring more opportunities to the world.athe；a；/ bthe；/；the c/；a；/ d/；a；the解析句意：中国的发展不是别的国家的一个威胁。相反，它会给世界带来更多的机遇。china(中国)属于专有名词，故与零冠词连用；threat(对别人构成威胁的人或物)为单数可数名词，表泛指，故第二空用不定冠词；on the contrary固定搭配，故用定冠词。对于设空较多的试题，可采用排除法，本题中如考生知道on the contrary这一固定短语，就可以直接排除a、c两项；china为专有名词，不与冠词连用，故排除b项。答案d7last sunday，we took _ guided walk around by _ signs of the famous town.athe；the ba；/cthe；/ da；the解析take a walk为习惯用法，故第一空用不定冠词；第二空特指那个著名城镇里的指示牌，故用定冠词。故选d。答案d8eggs are sold by _ dozen while the meat is charged by _ weight.athe；the bthe；/ c/；the d/；/解析第一个空表示“bythe计量单位名词”；第二个空为固定短语by weight意为“按重量”。句意：鸡蛋按打出售，而肉按重量出售。答案b定冠词的用法(口诀)特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语和乐器。特指某些人或事物；谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物；上文已经提到的人或事物；世界上独一无二的事物前；序数词、形容词的最高级前；某些专有名词前；一些习惯短语(如in the day等)中和西洋乐器名词前(如：play the piano)【典例9】 sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of george.(2012重庆)a/；/ bthe；/ cthe；the d/；the解析句意：山姆被任命为工程部经理，取代了乔治。表示头衔或职位的名词作补语和同位语时，前面不用冠词；take the place of是固定短语，意为“代替”，“取代”。答案d【典例10】 some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world.(2009江西)a/；the bthe；/ can；the dthe；a解析第一个空后的air pollution是不可数名词，而且是泛指，所以不需要填任何冠词；第二个空后的weather被around the world修饰，所以weather前需要加定冠词the。答案a【典例11】 its _ good feeling for people to admire the shanghai world expo that gives them _ pleasure.a/；a ba；/ cthe；a da；the解析考查冠词。句意：去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐，这是一个非常好的感觉。feeling作为感觉讲为可数名词。pleasure作为快乐、欢乐讲为不可数名词。因此选b项。答案b【典例12】 many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.aa；/ b/；the ca；the d/；/解析考查冠词。句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害，他们加速了人类身体的衰退。do harm to表示“对有害”，中间无需冠词；the weakening of the human body特指人体的衰弱。答案b9dr.peter spence, _ headmaster of the school, told us, “_ fifth of pupils here go on to study at oxford and cambridge.”a/；a b/；the cthe；the da；a解析句意：这所学校的校长peter spence博士告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生都继续到牛津或者剑桥学习。”考查冠词。第一空后的名词headmaster是职务的称呼，其前不加冠词；第二空是分数的表达，用a/one fifth表示“五分之一”。答案a10the bus to the forbidden city runs on _ hour by _ hour.athe；the ban；thecthe；/ dan；/解析句意：去紫禁城的公交车按小时整点发车。on the hour“整点”，by the hour“按小时计算”。答案a11the development of industry has been _ gradual process throughout _ human existence，from stone tools to modern technology.a/；the bthe；a ca；/ da；a答案c12the smiths dont usually like staying at _ hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.a/；a bthe；the c/；the dthe；a答案c不用冠词的情况口诀下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前：专有名词表泛指，学科球类三餐前；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。以上口诀主要概括了一般应对“免冠”的几种情况，即：名词前已有作定语的this，that，some，my等限定词；泛指的专有名词和不可数名词前；表示学科的(如english，maths，physics)等名词前；球类运动的名词前及三餐总称前；复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事物)时；节日、季节、星期、月份前；表示颜色(如：its red/yellow)、语种(如：speak english/japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如：we live in china.they come from america.)前；在称呼或表示头衔的名词前；某些习惯短语中(如：in bed，go to school等)。 1(2013南昌外国语学校月考)_ m(m)oney plays an important role in _ material world.but you cant expect it to give you real happiness.aa；the b/；a c/；the dthe，the解析句意：钱在物质世界中扮演着重要的角色，但是你不能期望它给你带来真正的快乐。第一空表泛指，不用冠词；第二个空表特指，用定冠词，the material world表示“物质世界”。答案c2(2013西城一模)my friends birthday is coming soon.i would like to go to _ store，or some places close by to buy him _ present.athe；the ba；the c/；a dthe；a解析go to the store意为“去商店”，为固定短语，故第一空用the；“给他买一份礼物”，为泛指意义，因此第二空使用不定冠词。答案d3(2013安徽示范高中摸底考试) how did you do in your essay?i got _ okay grade，but mr.jones gave sarah top marks.shes _ teachers pet，you know.a/；a ban；/ c/；the dan；a解析第一空okay前面应用an表示“一个相当好的分数”；第二空表示“她是老师的宠儿”，表示泛指，故用a。答案d4(2013邯郸一模)it is said that _ wool produced in australia is of _ high quality.a/；/ bthe；/ cthe；a dthe；the解析句意：据说澳大利亚产的羊毛质量很好。“produced in australia”是后置定语，所以前一个空格用the表示特指；后一个空格处是“be of抽象名词”结构，名词前不用冠词。答案b5(2013福建四地六校联考)which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?_ younger one.he is _ most humorous man.aa；a ba；the cthe；a dthe；/解析根据句意可知，“_ younger one”特指双胞胎中较小的那一个，故第一空用定冠词the；“_ most humorous man”泛指一个非常幽默的人，故第二空用不定冠词a，most在此为副词，意为“很，非常”。答案c6(2013合肥一中二模)i dont know who invented _ iphone，but i think it is _ useful invention.athe；a bthe；the can；the dan；a解析句意：我不知道是谁发明了iphone，但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。前一空是类指，用定冠词；后一个空格是泛指，表示“一个，一种”。答案a7(2013南阳两校联考)keeping a diary is _ good habit，by which youll make _ great progress in writing.aa；a ba；/ cthe；a dthe；/解析句意：写日记是一种好习惯，通过它你将在写作上取得很大进步。第一空habit是可数名词，根据句意可知此处表示泛指“一种好习惯”，应用不定冠词。第二空progress为不可数名词，前面不用冠词，make progress意为“取得进步”。答案b8(2013咸阳二模)have you seen _ pen？i left it here this morning.is it _ black one？i found it in the corner.aa；the bthe；the ca；a dthe；a解析第一次提到某物用不定冠词，所以第一空填a；根据i found it in the corner这一信息，它表明说话者是拿着笔在与对方说话，故表特指，所以第二空填the。答案a9(2013昆明二模)the operation is _ success and the patient is now out of _ danger.aa；the ba；/ c/；the d/；/解析句意：这次手术是成功的并且现在病人已脱离了危险。第一空属抽象名词具体化，第二空为固定搭配。答案b10(2013西安一中月考)as _ unemployment is very high at the moment，its very d