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51模56-60 C C C D C 61-65 A C B A B Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in ones life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.56. The second paragraph implies that_.A) teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problemsB) a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionshipC) human beings need companionship and a sense of belongingD) both A and B57. “No man is an island”(Line 1, Para. 3) implies that _.A) everyone is a part of an island B) man cannot be an islandC) everyone is just a part of society D) society is an island58. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on_.A) age B) belonging C) personality D) culture59. The author thinks that close friends_.A) can be easily formed when one is young B) cannot be long-lastingC) are not rare for everyone D) are rare for most people60. The word “irrespective” (Last sentence, Para. 5) means_.A) not respecting B) dishonoring C) regardless D) consideringConservationists call them hot spots habitats that cover just 1.4 percent of the earths land surface but are so rich in biological diversity that preserving them could keep an astonishing number of plant and animal species off the endangered list.Since 1988, when Dr. Norman Myers and his colleagues began describing these hot spots in a series of scientific papers and arguing for their protection, they have become a focus of worldwide conservation efforts. Private organizations and government agencies, including the World Bank, have made preserving 25 such ecological arks a top priority for financing and protective legislation. But a growing chorus of scientists is warning that directing conservation funds to hot spots may be a recipe for major losses in the future. Of species that live on land, nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are found only in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare species and major animal groups that live in less biologically rich regions (“cold spots”). And the hot-spot concept does not factor in the importance of some ecosystems to human beings, the scientists argue.This debate has been simmering quietly among biologists for years; however, it is coming to a boil now with the publication of an article in the current issue of American Scientist arguing that “calls to direct conservation funding to the worlds biodiversity hot spots may be bad investment advice.” “The hot-spot concept has grown so popular in recent years within the larger conservation community that it now risks eclipsing all other approaches,” write the authors of the paper. “The officers and directors of all too many foundations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies have been seduced by the simplicity of the hot spot idea,” they go on. “We worry that the initially appealing idea of getting the most species per unit area is, in fact, a thoroughly misleading strategy.”But hot spots have their ardent defenders, notably Dr. Norman Myers and Dr. Russell Mittermeier. Dr. Myers says hot spots have been successful at attracting attention and financing for conservation in tropical countries. “And that has been good,” he said. “No one is suggesting that one invest solely in hot spots, but if you want to avoid extinctions, you have to invest in them.”61. The best title for this passage would be _.A) A Debate on Preserving Hot Spots B) An Introduction to Hot SpotsC) Hot Spots vs. Cold Spots D) How to Finance Hot Spots62. Hot spots occupy a small percentage of the earths land surface with _.A) a third of all plants B) many major animal groups living in cold spotsC) rich biological diversity D) many rare species living in cold spots63. Critics of hot spots hold the opinion that _.A) hot spots are always as important as cold spotsB) it is unwise to invest largely in hot spotsC) governments should choose the best time to invest in hot spotsD) the hot-spot approach is a misleading strategy from the very beginning64. According to Dr. Norman Myers, _.A) protecting and investing in hot spots can save species from extinctionB) conservation efforts should not center on hot spotsC) governments should invest most in cold spotsD) the hot-spot approach now is not as good as it was in the past65. What is the writers attitude towards the hot-spot approach?A) Critical. B) Neutral. C) Supportive. D) Doubtful.2模56-65 C C C B A B C C D APeople nowadays have a wide choice of leisure time activities. Some people enjoy quiet leisure time activities after a long hard day at work or school. Watching TV is certainly the most popular leisure time activity in Britain. The average person watches TV a few hours every day. The most popular programmes are soap operas, which follow the activities (often extraordinary) of fictitious people, and news programmes. Most British people watch TV news at some point in the evening, perhaps while eating dinner or just before going to bed.British people often find entertainment in collecting things. There are people in Britain who collect any kind of object you care to name. By far the most common thing to collect is stamps. Most people are happy to collect whatever stamps come their way, but others collect thematically, i.e. they collect certain kinds of stamps, like stamps with pictures of animals on them or stamps that come from a certain country. I know people who collect matchboxes, dolls, and even the free gifts from fast food restaurants. Some people take collecting not so much as a hobby, but as an investment, which is reasonable since many collections are worth a lot of money.Although many people prefer to watch matches on TV, playing sports is always popular in Britain. Few British people can play sports at a high level, but they are often happy to play sports “just for fun”. Popular sports that British people enjoy playing include football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, badminton and squash. Many people play sports to keep fit, but most of them do it “for the love of the game”.Another form of entertainment in Britain is simply going out and socializing with friends. Contrary to popular belief, British people are very friendly and usually are quite happy to start up a conversation with a stranger. Socializing often involves going to a pub with friends, but there are many other alternatives. Cafes are becoming increasingly popular and British people also like to join in clubs so that they can meet people who have similar interests. If you have an interest, youll be sure to find a British person who shares it!56. The large majority of British people tend to _.A) gather some precious stamps B) hate watching movies at their leisure timeC) watch evening news on TV D) catch the habit of gambling57. Which of the following items is NOT mentioned as being collected by the British people?A) Matchboxes. B) Dolls.C) TV presents. D) Gifts from fast restaurants.58. Why do most British people play sports?A) To keep fit. B) To foster a competitive spirit.C) Just because they are keen on this game. D) To understand the game rules.59. British people are in favour of becoming members of various clubs where _.A) they can have different drinks B)they can find someone having something in common with themselvesC) they can play football together D) they just love to go60. What is the main idea of this passage?A) Some popular leisure time activities in Britain. B) How to select the best caf.C) Overview of TV watching in Britain. D) The rules of playing football.While most people think of the prototypical geek when defining computer programmers, the field is becoming more diverse as more people enter the field, attracted by high salaries. However, successful software developers are intelligent, abstract thinkers who are good at mathematics and logical reasoning. A programmer must be able to pay attention to details, as Sean Tierney, an IT manager at an Internet start-up, notes, “Abstract thinking is needed, not ambiguous thinking. You have to be able to pay attention to details. A misplaced comma will stop the application from functioning. In programming either the application works or it doesnt.”Software development is still a male-dominated field. The current programming culture is still known for lax attitudes towards time-keeping and dress codesnot to mention distaste for authority. The combination of high salaries and high demand allows these professionals to have more control over their working conditions. “Managing programmers is like herding cats” is a common expression in the industry.Contrary to the geek stereotype, communication skills are very important, both written and verbal. Many good software engineers prefer clearly defined specifications and well documented code so that future programmers have a lucid understanding of what has already been done. A typical dotcom will have only a few software engineers because of high costs. Therefore, a staff programmer may be called upon to represent and explain technical requirements to other staff, clients, and partners.The salaries are quite high in this field, ranging from 50K to more than 120K, depending on the years of experience, educational background, range of languages and skills, management level (such as development lead), and industry. Note that start-ups may pay significantly less than banks of other major corporations; and consultants may earn significantly more than their full-time, one-company counterparts. Nevertheless, most employees prefer to work at lower-paying dotcom and software development houses because they prefer more relaxed, egalitarian company culture. No matter what the industry is, benefits include stock options and bonuses, although these vary from place to place too.Most of the top salaries require some management responsibilities as well as programming. There is a cap for those who wish to avoid management and just code for the rest of their lives. Programmers who decide to move into management or who start their own businesses often stop programming eventually as business requirements take up most of their time and they are unable to keep current in the field. 61. Why do more and more people become interested in becoming computer programmers?A) Because the job is very interesting. B) Because they can get well paid in this profession.C) Because it takes no great efforts to learn to do it. D) Because they can get a higher social status.62. What kind of quality is most preferred to become a programmer?A) Profound computer science knowledge. B) Ambiguous thinking capability.C) The ability to value details. D) Great insight into numbers.63.Which is NOT mentioned as the characteristics of programming?A) Most of the programmers are males. B)Managing programmers is considered as very challenging.C) It involves low IQ. D) It does not matter much whether to observe a fixed schedule.64. Which kind of company is favored by most start-ups?A) Commercial banks. B) Some financial institutions.C) Consultancy companies. D) Some dotcoms.65. What can we infer from this passage?A) In order to be among the top in the business, one must be good at both managing and programming.B) One does not have to be perfectly intelligent to become a good manager of a company.C) Punctuation marks matter more than anything else in programming.D)Programmers are often thought to love watching prototypical geeks performance.3模56-60 C C D D A 61-65 A C B B C There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set ones goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort.”56. In the first paragraph, the author implies that _ are essential in achieving success.A) ability and goals C) ability and environmentB) goals and determination D) goals and environment57. The word “frugal” (Line 2, Para. 2) means _.A) wealthy C) thriftyB) wasteful D) miserable58. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because _.A) their life is miserable C) their goals are too lowB) they do not live in peace D) they are not rich enough by their own standards.59. The last paragraph implies that _.A) we should have high goals C) success means taking a walk in the parkB) success means achieving great goals D) success means trying ones best at what one really likes60. This passage mainly talks about _.A) the definition of success C) how to set goalsB) how to achieve success D) the importance of goalsFoxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal, has risen sharply.