【南方凤凰台】高考英语二轮提优 专题二 语法填空导学案(1).doc

【南方凤凰台】2013版高考英语二轮提优 专题二 语法填空导学案真 题 体 验(1)(2012广东卷)mary will never forget the first time she saw him. he suddenly appeared in class one day, 1(wear) sunglasses. he walked in as if he 2(buy) the school. and the word quickly got around that he was from new york city. for some reason he sat beside mary. mary felt 3(please), because there were many empty seats in the room. but she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 4 last row. 5 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. it might have made it a little 6(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class. of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at mary, 7 made her feel like a star. “do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. the new boy shook his head. “then id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class. i like to look at your eyes when im speaking to you.” the new boy looked at the teacher 8 a few seconds and all the other students wondered 9 the boy would do. then he took 10 off, gave a big smile and said, “that is cool.” 【语篇解读】文章介绍了玛丽班上新来的一位同学以及师生对新同学的印象与友好。【解题思路】1. wearing现在分词短语作伴随状语。2. had bought谓语动词用过去完成时态,表示与过去事实不相符,是虚拟语气在as if 从句中的运用。3. pleased过去分词作形容词,在此用作连系动词felt的表语。4. the定冠词用在形容词最高级或last前。in the last row在最后一排。5. if与下一句间有条件与结果的关系,故用if表条件。6. harder根据句意可知,这里暗含了与坐在其他位置相对比的意思,所以用比较级。7. whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整句话的内容,在从句中作主语。8. forfor表一段时间。在英语中表示时间段的名词前常用介词for。9. whatwhat引导宾语从句,并在从句中作谓语动词do的宾语。10. them指代前文提到过的glasses,用复数形式,且作宾语,所以用宾格them。(2)(2011广东卷)one sunday morning in august i went to local music festival. i left it early because i had an appointment 1(late) that day. my friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 2 the bus arrived. i got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then i noticed a man 3(sit) at the front. he 4(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. he must be 5(mental) disabled. behind him were other people to 6 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 7 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. i didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but i didnt like leaving him 8 his own either. after a while i rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. i sat next to the man and introduced myself. we had 9 amazing conversation. he got off the bus before me and i felt very happy the rest of the way home. im glad i made a choice. it made 10 of us feel good. 【语篇解读】本文作者通过记叙一次在公交车上遇到一个弱智人的经历,告诉我们不应该歧视残疾人。【解题思路】1. later指那天晚些时候。2. until/till表示“直到”,即“等到车来”。3. sitting/sitnotice sb. do/doing sth.注意到某人做了/在做某事情。4. was pretending由句中and giving可知,此处用过去进行时态。5. mentally修饰分词形容词作状语,用副词。6. whom由talk to sb.可知,用to whom引导定语从句。7. theythey指代other people。8. onon ones own(=alone)独自。9. anhave a conversation 进行谈话。10. both作made的宾语用代词,由上文“we(i and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing conversation.”可知。语 法 精 讲高考语法填空的主要考题有纯空格题、给出动词题、词类转换题。这三类考题所涉及的语法项目众多,下面以各类考题为主线,就主要的考点语法进行精讲精练。纯空格题纯空格题所涉及的主要考点语法项目有:冠词、介词、代词、连词。(一) 冠词冠词是高考语法填空的必考项目,属纯空格题,常见考点考法有:1. 不定冠词(1) 在单数可数名词前表泛指,相当于any。如:a student should study hard.(2) 在单数可数名词前表数量,相当于one。如:there is a book on the desk.(3) 在数量名词后表“每一”,相当于every。如:he goes back home twice a month.(4) 有些抽象名词具体化,专有名词普通化后,前面也用不定冠词。如:he is a success.a mr lin is waiting for you.(5) 在同源宾语的名词前。如:live a happy life(6) 在“(be) of a(n)+名词”结构中表“同样的”。如:mary and i are of an age.(7) 在一些固定搭配中。如:have a restin a hurry a waste of timeonce upon a timeas a matter of factall of a suddenas a result2. 定冠词(1) 在上文出现过的名词前,表特指。如:there is a book on the desk, and the book is mine.(2) 在序数词或形容词最高级前。如:he is the tallest in our class.he won the first prize in the last competition.(3) 在双方都知道的名词前。如:-where is the key to the door?-its in the drawer.(4) 在某些形容词或某些有形容词特征的v.-ing/v.-ed前表一类人。如:the young should take part in some meaningful activities.(5) 在表姓氏的复数名词前表一家人。如:the johns are watching tv.(6) 在play后的乐器名词前。如:listen, who is playing the piano?(7) 在世界上独一无二的事物名词前。如:the earth goes around the sun.(8) 在表计量单位的名词前。如:he is paid by the month.(9) 在“pat/hit/catch/.sb. on/in/by the+身体部位”表示“拍/打在某人身上某处”这一结构中。如:tom hit john in the face.(10) 在一些固定搭配中。如:in the pastin the worldin the middle ofin the east/westat the same timeat the momenton the left/rightgo to the cinema/theatreto tell the truthin the end【巩固练习】1. so, instead of letting the children themselves find and learn naturally from their surroundings, they force their children to take part in various kinds of classes, learning english, playing piano or practicing drawing, etc. 2. an earthquake can often cause damage. knowing how to prepare for such event can directly affect your chance of survival. 3. smoking, which may be pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for the people around. 4. blacks dont usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by sea. (二) 介词介词是高考语法填空的必考项目,属纯空格题,常见考点考法与思路有:1. 在名词、宾格代词或动名词前的纯空格,可能填介词。如:in many english cities, there are big buses with two floors.2. 在动词后的纯空格,可能填介词。如:she would always help him out and tide(帮助渡过) him through difficult times.3. 在一些时间名词、地点名词前的纯空格,常填介词in, on, at等。如:we dont have lessons on saturdays and sundays.4. 在数量词前的纯空格,可能填介词about,over, to等。如:the number of the students of our class increases to sixty-two.5. 在表示方位、方式、语言、工具、手段或对象的名词前的纯空格,可能填介词by, in, with, to等。如:please tell us the simple story in english.6. 在某些复合结构中的纯空格,可能填介词with或without。如:the teacher came in, with a book in his hand.7. 在一些固定结构中。如:i am interested in english, while my brother is fond of maths.8. 如若确定某纯空格是填介词,则要根据句子意思及语境确定填哪个介词。如:most parents have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their children.【巩固练习】1. it tells the story of men and women who, in the course of the major events of the last 150 years, have given assistance victims of wars and natural disasters. 2. children should grow along with playing games, for, playing games, they can not only acquire knowledge, but also cultivate their abilities to get along with others. 3. in ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. in the schools of ancient greece and rome, testing usually consisted saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. 4. the young man went home a happy heart. 5. nowadays some hospitals refer to patients name, not case number. (三) 代词代词是高考语法填空的必考项目,属纯空格题,常见考点考法与思路有:1. 在句中作主语、宾语或表语的纯空格,常填不定代词或人称代词。如:some people are for the opinion, while others are against it. 2. 在名词前的纯空格,常填形容词性物主代词。如:it is said that a short-tempered man in the song dynasty(960-1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.3. 在某些介词后的纯空格,常填不定代词、反身代词或人称代词的宾格形式。如:you should be proud of yourself.4. 在名词后的从句前的纯空格,常填关系代词或连接代词。如:once upon a time, there was a rich merchant who had four wives.5. 如若确定某纯空格是填代词,就要考虑所填代词的正确形式,如代词的单复数、代词的格等。如:he took off his glasses as soon as he entered the room, and put them on the desk.6. 在某些固定结构或固定句式中的纯空格,常填it或that等代词。如:he thought it significant for his son to learn a second language at college.the old man considers it irresponsible of the young to fall in love and then part quickly.it was at five oclock that mr wang came back to the office yesterday afternoon.【巩固练习】1. on my desk is a photo that my father took of when i was a baby. 2. surprisingly, susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made almost an overcoat for her. 3. lets make a rule to have a get-together here every saturday evening. (四) 连词连词是高考语法填空的必考项目,属纯空格题,连词涉及句子结构、句子和句子之间的关系,如并列成分、并列句及复合句等。常见考点考法与思路有:1. 若两个或以上对等的单词或短语之间的纯空格,常填并列连词and, but, or 等。如:lucy and her friends are all supposed to listen to the meaningful speech.he is not a student but a teacher.2. 若两个简单句之间出现纯空格,而且两个简单句之间存在意义上的联合、转折、选择、因果等含义,常填并列连词and, but, while, or, so, for等。如:do you have tea here or would you prefer to go out walking?3. 若两个分句之间存在意义上的修饰关系,中间的纯空格可能填引导定语从句的关系词,根据先行词的性质(指人、物、时间还是地点)及关系词在从句中的作用,确定填关系代词或关系副词。如:ill never forget the days which we spent together.ill never forget the days when we spent the spring festival together.ill never forget the days when we worked together.4. 若后一个分句在意义上补充说明前一个分句的某个抽象名词,可能后一个分句是同位语从句,中间的纯空格可能是填that。如:news came that there would be a storm in two days.5. 若谓语动词或be动词前后的句子(即主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句)缺少连接词,其中的纯空格常填引导名词性从句的连接词,根据从句的意思及连接词在从句中的作用,确定填连接代词还是连接副词。如:whenever you come here is welcome.6. 如若两个句子在意思上存在条件、因果、让步、时间或地点等关系,它们之间的纯空格常填从属连词if,because,although,when/whenever,where/wherever等。如:xiao ming was absent because he was ill yesterday.where there is a will, there is a way.7. 一些特殊句型:it is reported that.the reason.is that.there is no doubt that.hardly/scarcely had+主语+done.when.did.no sooner had+主语+done.than.it+be+时间段+ before 从句it+be+时间段+ since 从句祈使句+ and/or/otherwise +陈述句.so/such.that.【巩固练习】1. my friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me the bus arrived. 2. two world-famous artists, pablo picasso candido portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 3. i agree to johns suggestion we should take the old man to hospital at once. 给出动词题给出动词题所涉及的主要考点语法有:动词的时态、语态与语气,非谓语动词的形式(现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词)。(一) 动词的时态、语态与语气动词的时态与语态是高考语法填空的必考项目,属给出动词题,常见考点考法与思路有:1. 先通过检查句子是否缺谓语判断所给动词是填谓语动词还是填非谓语动词。2. 如若句子缺谓语,则要根据上下文时态或句中所含时间状语(从句),判断谓语动词的时态;根据句子的意思或主谓之间的关系,判断谓语动词的语态;根据主谓一致及句子所处语境的语气,最后再确定所填谓语动词的正确形式。如:a concert took(take) place yesterday, and 600 tickets was sold(sell).3. 如若是特殊句型,则要根据特殊句型的结构或规律,确定谓语动词的时态、语态和语气等的正确形式。常见的特殊句型有:.was/were doing.when.was/were about to do.when.it/this/that is the+序数词+time+that从句(从句谓语动词用现在完成时)it/this/that was the+序数词+time+that从句(从句谓语动词用过去完成时)it is/has been+时间段+since从句(从句谓语动词用一般过去时)it was/had been+时间段+since从句(从句谓语动词用过去完成时)it will/wont be+时间段+before从句(从句谓语动词用一般现在时)hardly/scarcely had+主语+done.when.did.no sooner had+主语+done.than.if only+句子(谓语动词用虚拟语气)4. 在when, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句,及由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来,即:如若主句是一般将来时,则时间状语从句和条件状语从句用一般现在时。如:we wont go out shopping if it rains(rain) this saturday.5. 如若主句谓语动词为wish,其后的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词要提前一个时态;如若主句谓语动词为suggest(建议)、insist(坚持要求)等,其后的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用“(should)+动词原形”;如若句中含有if引导的条件从句,则主从句在语气上要一致。如:if he were here now, he would hear(hear) the result. 【巩固练习】1. he (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 2. his fear of failure (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 3. news came that there (be) a hurricane in 20 hours. 4. in the past 20 years, there (be) a hot debate over whether there was a hen or an egg. (二) 非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考语法填空的必考项目,属给出动词题,常见考点考法与思路有:1. 如若句子缺主语或宾语,则填所给动词的-ing形式(表一般的习惯)或不定式形式(表具体的一次性动作),有时候按对称性填。如:seeing(see) is believing(believe).2. 如若句子缺表语,则填所给动词的-ing形式(表事物本身的特性“令人的”)或过去分词形式(表人对事物的感觉“感到的”)。如:the story is very interesting, and im interested in it.(interest)3. 如若句子缺宾语,要根据句子谓语动词的特征,确定是填所给动词的-ing形式还是填不定式形式,如avoid, finish, mind等后接doing,而ask, refuse等后接to do。如:he has refused to go(go) there with us all.4. 如若在句中作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,则填所给动词的不定式形式。如:to catch(catch) up with the others, he studies harder than before.5. 如若在句中作定语、状语或宾语补足语,要根据逻辑关系确定是填动词的-ing形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。如:offered(offer) an important role in a new movie, andy has got a chance to become famous.6. 如若句子的谓语动词是使役动词(make, have, let)或感官动词(see, hear, notice, watch, etc.),要根据句式搭配及所表达的含义来确定是填动词的-ing形式,省略to的不定式还是填过去分词形式(注意:被动语态中不定式不省略to)。如:yesterday i saw him robbed(rob).7. 还有一些固定搭配中的非谓语动词,如spend.doing sth., be worth doing, need doing,need to do, get.to do和get.done等。如:this book is well worth reading(read).【巩固练习】1. does our (say) that mean anything to him? 2. i remembered (lock) the door before i left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. pressed from his parents, and (realize) that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing computer games. 4. the lecture, (start) at 7:00 p.m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. 5. tsinghua university, (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 6. lydia doesnt feel like (study)abroad. her parents are old. 7. (translate) into english, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 8. paul doesnt have to be made (learn). he always works hard. 9. the girl who was caught (play) computer games was criticized by the teacher. 词类转换题词类转换题所涉及的主要考点语法项目有:名词、形容词与副词。(一) 名词名词是高考语法填空的必考项目,属词类转换题,常见考点考法与思路有:1. 在句中作主语、宾语或表语的给词题空格,常填所给词的名词形式。如:in our daily english learning, we should pay attention to our pronunciation(pronounce).2. 在介词后面的给词题空格,常填所给词的名词形式。如:as a student, we shouldnt cheat in exams/examinations(exam) but should study hard for ourselves.3. 在冠词、形容词、不定代词后的给词题空格,常填所给词的名词形式。如:can you tell us the difference(differ) between the two books?4. 在形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后的给词题空格,常填所给词的名词形式。如:his arrival(arrive) surprised all of us very much.5. 在不定式、分词短语、形容词性短语或定语从句前的给词题空格,常填所给词的名词形式。如:the hospice aims to ease the sufferings(suffer) of the dying.6. 如若确定是填所给词的名词形式,则要考虑所填词的正确形式:该用单数还是复数,是否要用其所有格形式等。如:the merchants first wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions(contribute) in maintaining his wealth and business.【巩固练习】1. when chinas ancient scientific and technological (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the four great inventions. 2. the remains date from this period because of their (similar) to those found elsewhere. 3. there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist (attract). 4. but jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (二) 形容词和副词形容词和副词是高考语法填空的必考项目,属词类转换题,常见考点考法与思路有:1. 形容词和副词常出现在以下结构中:as+原级+as和一样not as/so+原级+as不如,不及比较级+than比较the+比较级,the+比较级越,就越比较级+and+比较级越来越more.than.与其倒不如the+最高级+in/of.等表范围的介词短语be+形容词+to do/that从句2. 在感官动词后常用形容词,即:look/sound/feel/smell/taste+形容词。如:the voice sounded frightening, and he felt very frightened.(frighten)3. 在复合宾语中常用形容词,如:make/find/think/feel/consider+it+形容词/名词+(for/of sb.) to do sth./that从句。如:she thought it dangerous(danger) for her to go out alone at night.4. 如若句子缺定语、表语或补足语,常填所给词的形容词形式。如:she is a considerate(consider) person, always patient and in fact is the merchants close friend.5. 如若给出词空格是修饰句中的动词、形容词、副词、分词、介词短语或修饰整个句子,常填所给词的副词形式。如:i felt physically(physical) sick before the exam.6. 如若纯空格在两个句子中间,且用逗号与两个句子隔开,这时有可能填有关联作用的副词,如however, moreover, furthermore,besides,instead 等。如:he was always studying hard, however, he didnt pass that examination.7. 如若确定是填形容词或副词,则要注意其正确形式及比较等级。如:he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher(high).【巩固练习】1. the youngster immediately fell (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 2. your mistake caused a lot of (necessary) work in the office. 3. mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 4. many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs (much). 5. we used to see each other (regular), but i havent heard from him since last year. 6. the story touched me so (deep) that it is useless to find out what relationships they had between them. 7. his teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the water. 8. nothing could be (sweet). 9. mary was always studying hard, (fortunate), she didnt pass the final examination last term. 10. games are often (excite) and dramatic, but they generally arent very intellectual. 11. she looked down, only to find her necklace was (go). 特殊句式高考语法填空题的设置,除了上面所讲到的与三类题型相关的考点语法,还要把握好下面提到的一些特殊的句型句式:1. 强调句:it is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分。2. 倒装句。常考的有“only+状语(从句)”位于句首、否定副词位于句首、表方位或范围的介词短语或副词位于句首等。3. hardly/scarcely had+主语+done.when.did.4. no sooner had+主语+done.than.5. not until.did+主语+动词原形+.6. .feel/make/find/consider/think+it+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./that从句7. it is+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./that从句8. it is said