不定式动名词和过去分词作定语的比较.doc

不定式、-ing形式和过去分词作定语的比较一、不定式作定语不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有要”或修饰“the+序数词”。注意：不定式作定语，被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时，要加上适当的介词。如：1. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it toD. for sending it to【分析】答案选C。the person是send it的对象，可理解为to send it to the person。2. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to choose.A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosing 【分析】答案选B。是“有五双可选择”即“从这五双中选择一双”而不是“选择五双”。3. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand _. A. byB. onC. upD. with【分析】答案选B。a tall box是stand的地方，即stand on the tall box。4. Then there are always people to _ if you fell like a chat. A. talk toB. talkC. speak aboutD. speak【分析】答案选A。people是talk的对象，即talk to people。二、分词作定语单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外)，分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，现在分词表示正在发生或与谓语同时发生；被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。注意：现在分词的完成式通常只作状语，而不能作定语。如：1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smellB. smellingC. smelt D. to be smelt【分析】答案选B。“发出香味”与“吸引游客”是同时发生的，排除表示将来的不定式，即A和D；又因为the flowers与smell (发出味)是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作定语。2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed【分析】答案选C。form作“出现、产生”解，是不及物动词，pictures与form是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，表示“图画出现”与“有”同时发生。注意：这与表示“有要”的不定式不同。 3. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars【分析】答案选D。remain 是不及物动词，其过去分词无被动含义，用remaining (剩下的)作定语，修饰20 dollars。remaining 20 dollars =20 dollars left4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being knownD. to be known 【分析】答案选B。因为thecompany与know是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语，known as 3M = which was known as 3M。5. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung【分析】答案选B。hang作“某物悬挂 / 吊在某处”解，是不及物动词，the picture与hang是主动关系，用hanging作定语。6. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (上海卷)A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded【分析】答案选A。the disc(唱片)与record(录制)是被动关系，且record发生在谓语sounded之前，而不是之后，所以不用不定式，而用过去分词作定语。7. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century. A. having writtenB. to be written C. being writtenD. written【分析】答案选D。textbooks与write是被动关系，且write发生在谓语came out(出版)之前，而不是之后，所以不用不定式，而要用过去分词作定语。8. The Olympic Games, _ in 776B. C, did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing【分析】答案选C。The Olympic games与play是被动关系，排除A和D；不定式的被动式，表示未来的动作，排除B。9. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? (02北京卷)The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving, makingB. to solving, madeC. to solve, makingD. to solve, made【分析】答案选B。key to(的关键)中to是介词，应接动名词，排除C和D；又因名词demand与make是被动关系(made demands提出要求)，另有by这一标志词暗示，用过去分词作定语。 三、to be done, being done, done作定语的区别to be done表示将来，being done表示目前正在发生，done表示过去己经发生。如：The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. 明天要开的会很重要。The meeting being held now is important. 现在正在开的这个会很重要。The meeting held