六级作文-学生讲义.doc

大学英语六级作文培训 （学生用）1考试题型和要求 2。 应试策略 3历年题型分析 4。 议论文分类 5。常用句型讲解 6 作文实践 7。 范文讲解 一、 考试题型和要求写出不少于150个词的短文。六级考试作文的出题方式有：命题，作文看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章(英文或中文)写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。对作文的要求是：内容切题，文字连贯，条理清楚，无重大语言错误。一)作文评分标准1CET作文题采用总体评分(GlobalScoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(RewardScores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。2从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。3避免趋中倾向。(二)作文评分标准1本题满分为15分。2阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1、2份。3阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分数(即8分)；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，即可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)。但不得加或减半分。4评分标准：2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。5字数不足应酌情扣分累计字数110-119100-10990-9980-8970-7969扣分123579注1如题目中给出主题句，起始句，结束句，均不得计入所写字数。2.只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者：0-9分（指规定三段的作文）“作文最低制”。作文0分，总分即为0分，作文低于6分，总分中要减去6分，然后再加实得作文分。二、应试策略二、 应试策略1） 阅卷老师的弱点：1，快，要求一分钟一份，实际上有老师50秒一份，字迹潦草很吃亏。2好多老师只看第一段、最后一段，或只看前三、五个句子。3对大词、好词的偏爱。如wonderful而不是good，pretty而不是beautiful。2）作文题目本身的局限：1 字数要求只是泛泛而谈，并不深入，有话可说，不必猜题。2规定了主题句，不存在新思想。它说金钱是万恶之源，就批判，说是幸福之本，就推崇。3 没必要一定写出自己的观点，可以挑好写的写。如my favourite TV program，最好的新闻、体育，而不是“非诚勿扰”。3 保证基本正确 四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。 4）争取丰富多变，拿高分 基础较好的同学，要想取得四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好 不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换（无法替换的关键词除外）。例如：think可以替换为suppose，reckon, assume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短 语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。 六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。句子长度的最佳排列：三长两短，所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般1520词即可，太长则易冗赘。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调；复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。5) 打开思路：第一招问为什么，比如写汽车的坏处，为什么有坏处-太贵-我国经济不发达-处于第三世界-人口多-多修停车场、道路-占耕地、拥挤等等，最后整理一下思路。第二招，对立统一，先抨击对立面。如“大学生要了解社会”，先说有人认为大学生深入社会是浪费时间、干扰学习，世俗化等。第三招，用比喻。比如说书的好处，像灯塔导航，像良师益友，像粮食，就生动第四招，举例子，生动，容易理解。第五招，用排比。6）注意起承转合7）审题、构思、列出可能用到的闪光点（句式）、把想到的好词、好句用上、检查提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务，是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文，平时勤于背诵。 上述的高分策略是提高四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语，以扩大词汇量，拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义，并了解其使用环境。备考时，熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文，并进行仿写。考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取回避政策，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型.三、 历年题型分析 （1993-2010）1Cycles and City Traffic2。 My View on Opportunity. 3We Need to Broaden Our Knowledge. 4My view on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements. 5Should Firecrackers Be Banned? 6 Why I Take the College English Test Band 6. 7。 Health Gains in Developing Countries. 1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命（life expectancy）和婴儿死亡率（infant mortality）的变化情况。 2. 说明引起变化的各种原因。 8。Haste Makes Waste1. 为什么说“欲速则不达” 2. 试举例说明 9。My View on Job-Hopping 10。My View on Fake Commodities 11。Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? 12、Dont Hesitate to Say No 13、Reading Selectively Or Extensively? 14、How I Finance My College Education15、Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?16、How to Succeed in a Job Interview? 17、write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write a t least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese. 1. 表示欢迎 2. 提出对度假安排的建议 3. 提醒应注意的事项 A letter to a Schoolmate June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang, Yours, Zhang Ying 18、A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President,18、Student Use of Computers. 1. 上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间: 1990年（2 hours）、1995年(4 hours)、2002年(14 hours)，请描述其变化； 2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）； 3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 19、It Pays to Be Honest 20、Changes of Ownership of Houses in China图表内容是1990，1995，2000的公房和私房变化柱状表，趋势是公房越来越少，私房越来越多。字数150以上，时间30分钟。提纲：1.简单描述一下图表内容 2.变化原因 3.这个变化对个人和社会的影响 21、Reduce Waste on Campus 22、设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信。23、Your Help Needed 1、对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况2、目前的困难：无法继续承担医疗费用，需要护理3、希望捐助，联系方式23 “On Piracy”24、write a letter to a company declining a job offer.25、国外旅游26、The Importance of Reading Classics阅读经典著作的重要性27、Should one expect a reward when doing a good deed28、The digital age29、2008年6月Will E-books Replace Traditional Books?1. 随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多2. 有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是3. 我的看法30、How to improve students mental health1、 大学生的心理健康十分重要2、 因此，学校可以.3、 我们自己应当.31、On the Importance of a Name有人认为名字（名称）不重要；有人认为非常重要；你认为呢？/slj/ShowArticle.asp?anclassid=155&nclassid=1377&ArticleId=21956632、Due Attitude Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese1、 近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文的现象2、 出现这种现象的原因和后果3、 为了改变这种状况，我认为四、 议论文分类 信件：注意主题、信件格式（称呼、语气、结束）图表：把图表转化成文字，信息，说明什么问题，表达观点论说文：解决问题（how to），正反观点、陈述型、爱好、习惯、日常生活五、 常用句型讲解 1 “起” 的过渡词Now, nowadays, at present, first, firstly, first of all, in the first place, in recent years, recently, it goes without saying that 2 “承” 的过渡词second, secondly, then, besides, indeed, still, third, thirdly ,moreover , furthermore, certainly , obviously , truly , especially ,particularly , in addition , what is more , what is worse , for example ,form instance , in face , in other words , at the same time. 3.“转” 的过渡词however , nevertheless , otherwise ,yet , but , or ,whereas, in spite of , instead, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary , conversely4 “合”的过渡词therefore , thus , hence , in short , in brief ,in a word , in conclusion , as a result , as a consequence , consequently , above all ,at last , finally , eventually , after all ,to sum up , in general ,generally speaking , on the whole , as has been noted (如前所述)， as I have said (如我所述)5 段落起、承、转合词语的应用实例：每一个大括号里的词语可以替换， 但应注意避免重复。范例 （1） Generally speaking, In general, （起） It goes without saying that , studying too hard may be harmful to students. On the whole, At present , (起) Recently , many teachers expect their pupils to do more work than they can handleLately,Now , Also , At the same time, Furthermore,（承） In addition, parents do not realize that pressuring their children to study harder than called for injure their childrens health. Meanwhile, Moreover, What is more, Certainly, In fact, (承) Obviously, most parents know that growing boys and girls need relaxation as well as exercise. Of course, However , Nevertheless , （转）On the other hand, many pupils have no choice but to burn the candle at both ends in order to get good grades so as to please their parents .But a physically weak or socially deprived child may not be able to keep up with such a hurried pace . Still , Unfortunately , Accordingly, As a result, Eventually, Hence,(合) In short, some students may very possible fail in school because of this pressure to study in excess of what is required. In summary, Therefore, Thus, To sum up,并不是每一个段落都有完整的起、承、转、合。大致上起和承比较固定， 而转与合则根据具体情况而定。范例 （2） Generally speaking, （起） It goes without saying that, a shorter school day would benefit both students and teachers . Without doubt, first of all, First,(起) Firstly, the shorter periods resulting from a shortened day would make boring classes easier to tolerate. In the first place, To begin with, Also, Besides, （承） In addition, teachers would have addition time for grading papers and preparing the next days lesson . Moreover, At the same time,(承) Meanwhile, students would have more free time for homework and independent study projects , as well as for extra curricular activities. Similarly, Above all, Also, Besides (this),（承） Furthermore, everyone would get more sleep. Moreover, In addition (to this), What is more, Accordingly, Consequently, Hence,(合) In other words, it would be easier for them to concentrate on their lessons the next day. Obviously, Then, Therefore, Thus,批驳1.It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out.2.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3.Some people say ., but it does not hold water.4.Many of us have been under the illusion that.5.A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6.It makes no sense to argue for .7.Too much stress placed on .may lead to .8.Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that .9.Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .后果1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is .3.It will exercise a profound influence upon.4.Its consequence can be so great that.举例1.A good case in point is .2.As an illustration, we may take .3.Such examples might be given easily.4.is often cited as an example.证明1.No one can deny the fact that .2.The idea is hardly supported by facts.3.Unfortunately, none of the available data shows .4.Recent studies indicate that .5.There is sufficient evidence to show that .6.According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that .开篇1.Many nations have been faced with the problem of .2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4.Recently the issue has aroused great concern among .5.Nowadays there is a growing concern over .6.Never in our history has the idea that .been so popular.7.Faced with ., quite a few people argue that .8.According to a recent survey, .9.With the rapid development of ., .结尾1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that .2.It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop .3.It is necessary that steps should be taken to .4.In conclusion, it is imperative that .5.There is no easy method, but .might be of some help.6.To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must .7.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.8.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9.We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to .10.Taking all these into account, we .11.Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear.上升增长1.add up to 增加了eg. The total amount of added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.2. to jump to / to soar to 一跃达到/ 猛增到eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.3.an increase of aboutpercent as compared with 与相比大约增加了eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.4.to experience an increase/incline 有了增长eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.很重要It is highly necessary/ imperative/ urgent for us to It is highly oliely for us to It is of great importance that .据说是It is unversally recognized that It is well known that It goes without saying that .我认为I think/ hold/ maintain/ suggest/ declare/ claimWe have every reason to be convinced thatI share the prevailing view thatI have brought myself to believe that I am deeply convinced that 常用套话Play an important part/ role in, attach great importance to, the trouble/problem is, in fact/ as a matter of fact/ actually/ in essence, 经典的成语 1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者3.Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 4.Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 5.One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。6.Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 8.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。 9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。 10.Beauty without virtue