【名师导航】中考英语二轮专题复习 简单句(1).docVIP

2014中考英语二轮复习简单句名师导航1陈述句的概念及其肯定形式和否定形式。2一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的结构及 答语、祈使句、倒装句的用法。3what和how引导的感叹句4. 并列句及并列连词考点梳理考点一 陈述句陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表示说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。1肯定形式i have a new friend. 我有一个新朋友。2否定形式(1)谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not。如：he is not watching tv now. 他现在没有看电视。he cant find his new pen. 他找不到他的新钢笔。(2)谓语动词是实义动词，则需在前面加dont, doesnt 或 didnt，同时把该实义动词变为原形。如：he draws well. 他画画好。(肯定)he doesnt draw well.他画画不好。(否定)(3)使用含有否定意义的形容词、副词、代词。如 no, hardly, never, little, nothing, nobody, neither 等，也可构成陈述句的否定式。如：he can hardly speak chinese.他几乎不会说中文。【即时训练】翻译下列句子1.他从不玩电脑游戏。 2.我认为这不是一个好主意。 3.在我遇到麻烦时他从不帮我(give me a hand)。3.he when im in trouble.4.那个人一定是你的老师。 考点二 疑问句1一般疑问句能用yes/no(或相当于yes/no的词)来回答的问句叫作一般疑问句。(1)各种时态的一般疑问句(略)。(2)一般疑问句的回答用yes或no。如：does she go to school at 7：30 every day?她每天七点半去上学吗？ _是的，她是。/不，不是。(3)否定疑问句的答语否定疑问句通常是以“be/情态动词/助动词not”的缩写形式开头的，表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语和汉语习惯不一样。如：arent you a student? 你不是一名学生吗？_不，我是。/是的，我不是。2特殊疑问句用疑问词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句一般用降调读，其回答不用yes 或 no。特殊疑问句的疑问词包括疑问代词和疑问副词。常见的疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose；常见的疑问副词有when, where, why, how等。如：where are you going? 你要去哪儿？to the supermarket to buy some fruit. 去超市买点水果。how much coffee do you want? 你要多少咖啡？two cups. 两杯。3选择疑问句选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“一般疑问句选项”或“特殊疑问句选项”。选择部分由or连接，or 前面的部分读升调， or 后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须选择其中之一作答。如：is your bag yellow or black?你的书包是黄色的还是黑色的？its black. 它是黑色的。 which do you like better, pork or beef?猪肉和牛肉，你更喜欢哪一种？i like beef better. 我更喜欢牛肉。【即时训练】1._ does your mother do? she is a worker.a.who b.where c.how d.what2.-_ is her daughter?-the girl on the right wearing blue jeans.a.whob.what c.whichd.where3.-_ do i take the medicine,mr. wang?-twice a day after meals.a.how often b.how many c.how long d.how soon4.-excuse me._do you say “autumn” in american english?-its “fall”.a.howb.whenc.whered.why5.-im sorry i cant lend you the e-dictionary.-_?didnt you promise me?a.whatb.howc.whend.which考点三 反意疑问句反意疑问句的构成： 陈述句附加疑问句？附加疑问句的否定式必须缩写。1陈述句部分与附加疑问句部分意思相反： 即前肯后否、前否后肯。如：mary is a teacher, _？he didnt tell you the story，_？ 2反意疑问句的基本对应形式如下：(1)be动词对应be动词。如：she is a policewoman, _？(2)情态动词对应情态动词。如：he can drive the car, _？ (3)行为动词对应助动词的相应形式。这种助动词主要指帮助构成疑问句或否定句的do/does/did 以及它们的否定形式。如：he slept for 9 hours yesterday, _？ he didnt go to the park, _？3特殊形式(1)当陈述句中含有表示否定的代词或形容词，如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等，或含有表示否定的副词never, hardly, seldom时，则附加疑问部分只能用肯定式。如：linda has never been to beijing, _？you can hardly see the blackboard clearly, _？(2)祈使句的反意疑问句的附加疑问句部分用will you/wont you。如：open the window, ？ 注意 lets go and have a look, shall we?(us表示包括听话人在内)let us clean the classroom, will you? (us表示不包括听话人在内)结论：以lets开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we; 以let us(him, me, her)开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用will you。(3)主语后有“s”的。如：hes in the room, isnt he？(heshe is)hes gone to the park, hasnt he？(heshe has)(4)陈述部分的谓语是used to时，附加疑问部分用“didnt主语”或“usednt主语”。如：he used to go to bed late, didnt he/usednt he?(5)含有need的反意疑问句：need 是实义动词时。如：we need to come earlier, dont we?need 是情态动词时。如：we neednt come so early, need we?4当陈述部分是否定句时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。 英语回答时，若表示与事实一致，就用“yes肯定结构”；若表示与事实相反，就用“no否定结构”。如：you didnt play football yesterday, did you? _ _ _ “昨天你没有踢足球，是吗？”“不，我去踢了。”/“是的，我没踢。”提醒 当主语是nobody, somebody, everybody 等不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语既可用he，也可用they。如：nobody wants to be old, does he/do they?没有人想变老，是吗？当主语是nothing, something, anything, everything 等不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语用it。如：nothing is left, is it? 没有东西丢下，对吗？在there be 结构中，附加疑问部分用be there。如：there is nothing wrong with me, is there?我没有什么问题，对吗？5主从复合句的反意疑问句(1)陈述部分是“i/we think/believe/suppose/consider/ that从句” (主语是第一人称)或有im sure that; im afraid that; we are sure that; we are afraid that; i feel sure that; i hope that; we feel sure that; it seems that时，附加疑问部分的主语应和从句相一致，但要注意否定前移的现象。如： i dont think he is right, is he? 我认为他是不对的，是吗？im sure that you know him well, dont you?你肯定非常了解他，是吧？(2)如果主语是其他人称，附加疑问部分的主语和主句一致。如：he believed you could succeed, didnt he?他相信你能成功，是吗？she doesnt know if jim is a good student, does she? 她不知道吉姆是否是一个好学生，是吗？【即时训练】改为反义疑问句。1.we dont believe tortoises(乌龟) can live up to 150 years. 2.he has few friends at school. 3.pass me the salt. 4.there is a book on the desk. 5.lets go shopping. 6.she said he would come come tomorrow. 考点四 感叹句感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”或“how”引导，句末用感叹号。1what引导的感叹句(1)whata/an形容词单数可数名词(主语谓语)！如：what a beautiful picture (it is)! 多漂亮的一幅画啊！_ important meeting (it is)!多重要的一次会议啊！(2)what形容词复数可数名词/不可数名词(主语谓语)！如：what interesting stories (they are)! 多有趣的故事啊！_！多糟糕的天气啊！2how引导的感叹句(1)how形容词/副词主语谓语！如：how tall the tree is! 这棵树真高啊！_the horse is running! 这匹马跑得真快啊！(2)how陈述句(主语谓语)！如：how she loves her daughter!她多么爱自己的女儿啊！(3)how形容词a/an单数可数名词(主语谓语)！如：how beautiful a girl (she is)! 她是个多漂亮的女孩啊！【即时训练】改为感叹句1.jim is a brave boy. 2.the fish tastes delicious. 3.the boy is very naughty. 4.he is a quick runner. 5.the stories are interesting. 考点五 祈使句表示请求、警告、建议或命令的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句的主语一般是you(听话人)，通常省略，其谓语动词一律用动词原形。句末用感叹号或句号，语调读降调。1祈使句的肯定形式(1)句中只有不及物动词。如： come here! 过来！look! 看！come in! 进来！(2)及物动词宾语。如：close the door! 关门！open your books! 翻开课本！(3)系动词表语。如：be quiet, please! 请安静！_！小心！2祈使句的否定形式祈使句否定形式的构成是直接在动词原形前加dont。为了表示礼貌，也可以加上please。如：_. 不要在课堂上讲话。dont close the window, please. 请不要关窗户。3let祈使句型表示“建议”这种祈使句的否定结构是在lets后加not。如：lets go. 咱们走吧！lets not go now. 咱们现在先别走。4回答祈使句用将来时remember to close the window when you leave.记住离开时关窗。_. 好的，我会的。dont talk in class. 课堂上不要讲话。_. 对不起，我不会了。5“祈使句and/or结果状语”句型此句型可以转换成由if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句。如：hurry up, or you will be late.快点，否则就迟到了。if you dont hurry up, you_late.如果你不抓紧时间，就要迟到了。if you hurry up, you_late.如果你快点，就不会迟到。6祈使句的反意疑问句需特别注意(见考点三)【即时训练】翻译下列句子1请不要在教室里听音乐。 _ _ to music in the classroom, please.2在图书馆要保持安静。 please _ _ in the library.祝你好运。 4.请让我看一看（have a look） 5.让我们共同保护环境（protect environment） 考点六 倒装句1there be句型there be 句型是一个典型的倒装句。它表示“某处有某物”，主语是be动词后面的名词。如：_ a river near our school.我们学校附近有一条河。2以so/neither/nor开头的句子当前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“so/neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语”。如：he has been to dalian, and _他去过大连，我也去过。john cant speak japanese, _约翰不会讲日语，海伦也不会。3副词位于句首时当here, there, now, then等副词位于句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run 等。如：here is your letter.这是你的信。注意 这种倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词；如果主语是人称代词，则用部分倒装。如：here he comes.他来了。here you are.给你。【即时训练】1-my mother and i will go to shanghai this summer. -_. shall we go together?a. so do i b. so can i c. so am i d. so will i2he swam in the river this summer. _a. so did he. b. so she did. c. so did she3 my mother hardly watches any sports shows. _.a. so do i b. so does minec. neither does id. neither does mine4.-would you like to go to the amusement park?-if jack does, _. a. i go, too b. so will i c. neither will i d. so do i 5.attention, please! there _a basketball game between our class and class 5.a. has b. is going to be c. will have d. is going to have考点七 并列连词1表示并列关系的： and(和；同；与)，bothand(和都), not onlybut also(不仅而且), as well as(而且；还；又), neithernor(既不也不)。如：he likes drawing and i like dancing. 他喜欢画画，我喜欢跳舞。2表示选择关系的： or(或；或者；还是；否则；不然)，eitheror(或者或者； 不是就是)。如：after supper, i often watch tv _ take a walk. 晚饭后，我经常看电视或散步。work hard, _ you will fall behind. 努力学习，否则你就会落后。either you or he is going to do some shopping this afternoon. 今天下午或者你或者他去购物。3表示转折关系的： but(但；但是；可是), while(然而)。如：she was very tired，_ she kept working till midnight. 她虽然很累了，但还是一直工作到深夜。hes a worker_his wife is a doctor.他是一名工人而他妻子是一名医生。4表示因果关系的： so(所以), for(因为)。如：he got up late, _ he didnt catch the early bus.他起床晚了，所以没赶上早班车。【即时训练】 1.hurry up, _ you will miss the plane.a. and b. but c. so d. or2.tony is a quiet student, he is active in class.a. so b. and c. but d. or3. the rain is very heavy_ we have to stay at home.a. but b. because c. so4. hurry up, _ you will be late for class.a. and b. or c. but d. so5.you have coughed for several days, bill. stop smoking,_ youll get better soon.a. but b. after c. or d. and考点过关.按要求写句子1her sister is very shy, _ _？ 2peter stayed up last night, _ _？3alice has never been to the village, _？4my brother cant swim, _？5dont arrive late for class, _ _？.同义句转换1what a tall boy he is! _ _ the boy is!2how delicious the food is! _ delicious food it is!3if you dont hurry up, youll be late. hurry up, _ youll be late.iii.单选题1.look! _the kites in the sky are!a. what a beautiful b.what beautiful c.how a beautifuld.how beautiful2.-these students didnt pass the exam. -they felt unha